Author name: Prasanna

The Changing World of Visual Arts Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 10 The Changing World of Visual Arts familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

The Changing World of Visual Arts Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 10

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 10 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 10 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 10 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks.
(а) The art form which observed carefully and tried to capture exactly what the eye saw is called ………….
(b) The style of painting which showed Indian landscape as a quaint, unexplored land is called ………….
(c) Paintings which showed the social lives of Europeans in India are called …………..
(d) Paintings which depicted scenes from British imperial history and their victories are called ………….
Answer:
(c) portrait
(b) Picturesque
(c) Engravings
(d) History paintings

Question 2.
Point out which of the following were brought in with British art:
(a) oil painting
(b) miniatures
(c) life-size portrait painting
(d) use of perspective
(e) mural art
Answer:
(a) oil painting
(b) Life-size portrait painting

Question 3.
Describe in your own words one painting from this chapter which suggests that the British were more powerful than Indians. How does the artist depict this?
Answer:

This picture is depiction of the storming of Seringapatam painted by Rober Kerr Porter. It is showing the defeat of Tipu Sultan by the British troops. It is painting in which the British is shown as powerful winners and Indians as the vanquished. The dramatization of the painting is effective in carrying out the message.

Question 4.
Why did the scroll painters and potters came to Kalighat? Why did they begin to paint new themes?
Answer:
Due to continuous expansion of cities as the centre of commercial development, the scroll painters and potters moved to Kalighat in search of new opportunities. They began to point new themes because values, tastes, social norms and customs were undergoing through fast changes after the 1840’s. The changes were understandable for the scroll painters and potters so they responded immediately with the changes and had started painting on whole new themes of social and political issue of the society.

Question 5.
Why can we think of Raja Ravi Varma’s paintings as national?
Answer:
Raja Ravi Varma’s paintings can be considered as national in many senses. Ravi Varma, who belonged to the family of the Maharajas of Travancore in Kerala, had mostly used the western art of oil painting and realistic life study but then also he painted themes from Indian mythology. He dramatised on canvas scene after scene from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. From 1880’s, Ravi Varma’s mythological paintings became the rage among Indian princes and art collectors, who filled their palaces and galleries with his art. These facts make us think of his paintings as national.

Let’s Discuss

Question 6.
In what way did the British history paintings in India reflect the attitudes of imperial conquerors?
Answer:
The British history paintings in India reflect the attitude of imperial conquerors as the British victories in India served as rich material for history painters. The painters painted favourable image of the British as conquerors. The paintings celebrated within itself British power, victories and their supremacy. One of the Ist of these paintings was produced by Francis Hayman in 1762 that showed how the British defeated Sirajuddaulah in the famous Battle of Plassey. The painting by Hayman does not show the act of aggression and conquest.

Question 7.
Why do you think some artists wanted to develop a national style of art?
Answer:
Some artists reflected the art of Ravi Varma as initiative and westernised and declared that such a style was unsuitable for depicting the nations ancient myths and legends. These artists felt that a genius Indian style of painting had to draw inspiration from non-western art traditions, and try to capture the spiritual essence of the past. So they turned for the medieval Indian traditions of miniature paintings and the ancient art of mural paintings in the Ajanta caves.

Question 8.
Why did some artists produce cheap popular prints? What influence would such prints have had on the minds of people who looked at them?
Answer:
The cheap popular prints were produced for the poor so that they could buy them. The print influenced the minds of those who saw them in mixed manner. Some saw the prints as sentimental, for some spiritualism could not be seen as the central feature of the Indian culture.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 10 The Changing World of Visual Arts PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

The Mughal Empire Class 7 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

The Mughal Empire Class 7 Questions and Answers History Chapter 4

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 7 SST History Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 7 History Chapter 4 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 7 History Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall
Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:
1. (e)
2. (c)
3. (a)
4. (d)
5. (f)
6. (b)

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The capital of Mirza Hakim, Akbar’s half-brother was .
(b) The five Deccan Sultanate were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar, and .
(c) If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sawar indicated his .
(d) Abul Fazi, Akbar’s friend and counsellor, helped him frame the idea of so that he could govern a society composed of many religions, cultures and castes.
Answer:
(a) Kabul
(b) Bijapur, Golconda
(c) number of maintained horses
(d) administration.

Question 3.
What were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals?
Answer:
Lahore, Delhi, Agra, Mathura, Amber, Ajmer, Chittor etc., were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals.

Question 4.
What was the relationship between the mansabdar and the jagir?
Answer:
Mughals recruited diverse bodies of people. Those who joined Mughal service were enrolled as mansabdars. Rank, salary and military responsibilities of the mansabdars were determined by grading system.

Mansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments called jagirs. In Akbar’s reign these jagirs were carefully assessed so that the revenues were roughly equal to the salary of the mansabdar.

Let’s Understand

Question 5.
What was the role of the zamindar in Mughal administration?
Answer:
Mughal administered through zamindar at grass root level. Zamindar had been given right to collect the taxes from peasants and these were deposited to the Mughal. Thus, zamindar intermediated between population and the Mughal Emperor. In some areas zamindars were more powerful.

Question 6.
How were the debates with religious scholars important in the formation of Akbar’s ideas on governance?
Answer:
Akbar knew very well that India is a country where people of different religions and faith lived. They try to prove their supremacy to the others, time to time. This could create conflicts among various religions and thus instability may arise in the reign. He wanted that people of their reign do not fight on the ground of belief and religion.

Therefore, Akbar held discussions with learned individuals of different faiths and religions such as ulama, Brahmanas, Jesuit and Zoroastrians etc., in ‘ibadatkhana’, first time Fatehpur Sikri during the 1570. On the basis of discussions with different religionist he established idea of ‘sulh-i-kul’ or universal peace which focused on a system of ethics – honesty, justice, peace. Thus, it can be said that the debates with religious scholars were played important role in governance of Mughal.

Question 7.
Why did the Mughals emphasize their Timurid and not their Mongol descent?
Answer:
This was because Genghis Khan who was Mongol was associated with the massacre of innumerable people. It was also linked with the Uzbegs. On the other hand, the Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry, not least of all because their great ancestor had captured Delhi. These were the reasons of Mughals that they emphasize their Timurid descent and not to Mongol.

Let’s Discuss

Question 8.
How important was the income from land revenue to the stability of the Mughal Empire?
Answer:
Land revenue was one of the main source of Mughal Empire and all the administration was carried out by the revenue such as salary to soldiers, expenditure of different offices and its maintenance, salary to many staff, mansabdars and so on. The most part of the India was getting its livelihood from the land in form of peasantry and many more occupations were depending on the peasants and land revenue was obtained from the peasant.

The situation can be understood by looking the years when peasant could not able to grown crop due to drought or flood and there arose a crisis and guidelines was issued to economize the expenditure. Thus, Mughal Empire stability was depending on the income received from land revenue.

Question 9.
Why was it important for the Mughals to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis?
Answer:
During the Mughals regime it was important to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds because empire expanded to different regions and hence it was comfortable to collect the taxes from such people instead of Turanis and Iranis. Apart from this, it was convenient for the smooth functioning the empire.

Question 10.
Like the Mughal Empire, India today is also made up of many social and cultural units. Does this pose a challenge to national integration?
Answer:
No, in India there is diverse social and cultural background for a long. In national integration it is subject of pride to be Indian. In India different types of people are respect to each other’s faith and religion and they become happy to be part of other rituals and festivals.

Question 11.
Peasants were vital for the economy of the Mughal Empire. Do you think that they are as important today? Has the gap in the income between the rich and the poor in India changed a great deal from the period of the Mughals?
Answer:
Mughal Empire was almost depending on the land revenue which was got from the peasant. In the present scenario our peasant is also important in view of producer of grains but, our government does not collected tax from peasant on their produces. Peasant income from agricultural is exempted from the tax. This fact too that most of the peasant population is still poor. As the government reports told us that number of milliners is increasing year by year but peasant situation is still remained hand to mouth.

Let’s Do

Question 12.
The Mughal Empire left its impact on the different regions of the subcontinent in a variety of ways. Find out if it had any impact in the city, village or region in which you live.
Answer:
Students discuss with the teacher and can write the answer.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

The Delhi Sultans Class 7 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

The Delhi Sultans Class 7 Questions and Answers History Chapter 3

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 7 SST History Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 7 History Chapter 3 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 7 History Chapter 3 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Answer:
The Tomar Rajputs were the first rulers established their capital at Delhi.

Question 2.
What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans?
Answer:
The language of administration under the Delhi Sultans was Persian.

Question 3.
In whose reign did the Sultanate reach its farthest extent?
Answer:
During the reign of Muhammad Tughluq Sultanate reached its farthest extent.

Question 4.
From which country did Ibn Battuta travel in India?
Answer:
Ibn Battuta travelled in India from Morocco.

Let’s Understand

Question 5.
According to the “circle of justice”, why was it important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind?
Answer:
Military commanders kept the interests of the peasantry in mind because peasants were very big community and they were most important source of revenue on their cultivation. Thus, it was very essential that interest of peasants be kept in mind so that they could become prosperous and pay the taxes easily.

Question 6.
What is meant by the “internal” and “external” frontiers of the Sultanate?
Answer:
The ‘internal frontier’ means areas of hinterland of the garrison town while ‘external frontier’ means the areas beyond the hinterland.

Question 7.
What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties? Why do you think they may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans?
Answer:
To ensure performance of their duties, three steps were taken:

1. Accountants were appointed to check the amount of revenue collected by muqtis.
2. A close monitoring was arranged not to collect the taxes more than prescribed.
3. It was also taken care not to appoint more soldiers.

The muqtis were appointed instead of hereditary inheritance and also the appointment’s nature was transferable. Thus, I think they may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans.

Question 8.
What was the impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
During the period of Alauddin Khalji, Mongol attack undertook the Delhi Sultanate. Due to this Delhi sultanate constructed a new garrison town at Siri in Delhi. He imposed 50% tax on the yield of peasants, so that he could feed and pay the army. He began to pay the army in cash. Apart from this, Muhammad Tughluq shifted garrison town in Delhi. He also began to pay the army in cash.

Let’s Discuss

Question 9.
Do you think the authors of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women?
Answer:
The authors of tawarikh lived in cities mainly in Delhi, and they often wrote in hope of rich rewards from the rulers. Thus, it seems that the aim of tawarikh would have been to praise the ruler and of their activities. So, I think the authors of tawarikh would not provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women who mostly lived in far-fledged areas.

Question 10.
Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Do you think women leaders are accepted more readily today?
Answer:
No doubt, Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate as Minhaj-i-Siraj, recognized that she was more able and qualified than all her brothers. Raziyya was not accepted by the elite and only after four years she was removed from the throne in 1240.

Yes, I think women leaders are accepted more readily today. In the democracy there is no discrimination between men and women. Indira Gandhi, Pratibha Patil, Benazir Bhutto, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Golda Meir, Margaret Thatcher and many more who became Prime Minister and President in the democratic system.

Question 11.
Why were the Delhi Sultans interested in cutting down forests? Does deforestation occur for the same reasons today?
Answer:
Forests were cleared (internal frontier) in the Ganga-Yamuna doab by the Delhi Sultans due to the expansion of agricultural lands. These lands were given to peasants and agriculture was encouraged. New fortresses, garrison towns and towns were established to protect trade routes and to promote regional trade.

No, today most of the deforestation occurs only for getting the wealth and in the forest areas many illegal groups are active for cutting the forests’ trees. These groups are supply wood of forest and get funds. Apart from this, today deforestation occurs due to the increased population, urbanization and commercialization.

Let’s do

Question 12.
Find out whether there are any buildings built by the Delhi Sultans in your areas. Are there any other buildings in your area that were built between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries? Describe some of these buildings, and draw sketches of them.
Answer:
Students write the answer with the help of his/her teacher.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Women, Caste and Reform Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 9 Women, Caste and Reform familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Women, Caste and Reform Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 9

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 9 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 9 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 9 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
What social ideas did the following people support?
Rammohan Roy, Dayanand Saraswati, Veerasalingam Pantulu, Jyotirao Phule, Pandita Ramabai, Periyar, Mumtaz Ali, Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar
Answer:
(i) Rammohan Roy – Sati Pratha abolition, supporter of western education
(ii) Dayanand Saraswati – Reform in Hindus, Re-marriage of Widows.
(iii) Veerasalingam Pantulu – Widow re-marriage.
(iv) Jyotirao Phule – Caste equality.
(v) Pandita Ramabai – Worked for widow upper caste women, Founded widow home at Poona.
(vi) Periyar – Self respect movement, untouchability.
(vi) Mumtaz Ali – Advocating gender equality, women rights.
(vii) Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar – Re-marriage of widows.

Question 2.
True and False
(a) When the British captured Bengal they framed many new laws to regulate the rules regarding marriage, adoption, inheritance of property, etc.
(b) Social reformers had to discard the ancient texts in order to argue for reform in social practices.
(c) Reforms got full support from all sections of the people of the country.
(d) The children Marriage Restraint Act was passed in 1929.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True

Let’s Discuss

Question 3.
How did the knowledge of ancient texts help the reformers promote new laws?
Answer:
The knowledge of ancient texts helped the reformers for the promotion of new laws as they tried convincing people that ill practices of that time period was not at all sanctioned in any ancient text.

The knowledge about ancient text created confidence in the minds of reformers to protect their points with full confidence. This created the absence of fear against the people of society who were against the reformers ideology of transforming the society.

Question 4.
What were the different reasons people had for not sending girls to school?
Answer:
The different reasons people had for not sending girls were:

• The people feared that the girls would be taken away from the home and would be prevented from doing any domestic works and duties.
• In order to reach school, girls had to travel through several public places. In the process it was believed that it would create corrupt influence on them, as it was believed by the people that the girl should stay away from public spaces.

Question 5.
Why were Christian missionaries attacked by many people in the country? Would some people have support them too? If so, for what reasons?
Answer:
It was believed that the Christian missionaries that were introduced in India aimed at conversion of the religions of the people from Hinduisms to Christianity. That was why it was basically opposed by many people.

The people who supported it saw a whole new scope and leniency in the new religion, they found this was helping the people and children of ‘lower castes’ and tribal groups to get equipped with some resources in the process to make way into a changing world.

Question 6.
In the British period, what new opportunities opened up for people who came from castes that were regarded as “low”?
Answer:
The new opportunities that opened for the people from castes regarded as “low” can be seen in the form of setting up of schools by the Christian missionaries helping the children to increase their horizon and make their way into a changing world.

• New demands of labour was created with expansion of cities.
• Drains, roads, buildings started to be constructed.
• The work of cleaning cities was to be done.
• The demand of labour involved as coolies, diggers, carriers, bricks layers, etc., were fulfilled from the migration of low caste people to the cities.
• Work in plantations in Assam, Mauritius etc., and other locations was seen tough but the people of low caste saw this as an opportunity to get away from the oppressive hold of upper castes over their lives and the daily humiliation they suffered.

Question 7.
How did Jyotirao the reformers justify their criticism of caste inequality in society?
Answer:
On growing up Jyotirao Phule developed his own ideas about the injustices of caste society. He attacked the Brahmans as the Brahmans claimed themselves to be superior because they were Aryans. Phule argued that the Aryans were foreigners who defeated and subjugated the true children of the country. The Aryans, according to him, defeated the weakers as low caste people.

According to Phule upper castes had no right to their land and power. In reality, the land belonged to indigenous people, the so called low castes. Phule claimed that before Aryans, there existed golden age when warrior peasants tilled land and ruled the Maratha country side in just and fair ways. Phule’s proposal was that Shudras should write to challenge caste discrimination.

Question 8.
Why did Phule dedicate his book Gulamgiri to the American movement to free slaves? ‘
Answer:
Phule dedicated his book Gulamgiri to all those American who had fought to free slaves. It was dedicated with the purpose of establishing link between the conditions of the lower castes in India and Black slaves in America.

Question 9.
What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?
Answer:
Ambedkar, through the temple entry movement, wanted to achieve his aim to make everyone see the power of caste prejudices within the society.

Question 10.
Why were Jyotirao Phule and Ramaswamy Naicker critical of the national movement? Did the criticism help the national struggle in any way?
Answer:
They both were critical of the national movement as the movement which involved high caste people has never cared about the dignity of the low caste people several incidents projected a clear picture of indiscrimination and social division.
There criticism help the national struggle in many ways:

• It united the low caste people again to the injustice.
• It also argued against inequalities in the society.
• It influenced the mind of several upper class people who were educated. They saw the status of low class people miserable, this helped in the new form of unity.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 9 Women, Caste and Reform PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 8 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 8

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 8 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 8 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 8 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall
Question 1.
Match the following.

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (e) 5. (c)

Question 2.
True and False

(а) James Mill was a severe critic of the Orientalists.
(б) The 1854 Despatch on education was in favour of English being introduced as a medium of higher education in India.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi thought that promotion of literacy was the most important aim of education.
(d) Rabindranath Tagore felt that children ought to be subjected to strict discipline.
Answer:
(a) True
(B) True
(c) False
(d) False

Let Discuss

Question 3.
Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?
Answer:
William Jones felt the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law because he felt that the study of these Indian texts would help in revealing the ideas and laws of different religions and communities in India. According to him, the new study of these texts would help them in manner of future development in India.

Question 4.
Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?
Answer:
In the view of James Mill and Thomas Macaulay India was an uncivilised country during that time that needed to be civilised any how. So for the purpose of civilising country and its men European education was essential. They both felt that Indians need to get rationalised and should be able to read different literatures of the world and they also wanted to make India and Indians aware about several developments that took place in the fields of western science and philosophy. Therefore, it was believed that European education would help Indians to get developed with thinking, tastes, values and culture.

Question 5.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?
Answer:
In the eyes of Mahatma Gandhi practical knowledge was superior than that of bookish language. So he wanted to teach children handicrafts in manner to make them able to know how different things were operated. And this practical learning would definitely help in developing the minds of the children and their capacity to understand and learn.

Question 6.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved Indians?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi believed that English education had enslaved Indians, because this education system according to him had created a sense of inferiority in the minds of the Indians. Indians started seeing western, civilisation as superior and it had also created a destruction of pride for the own culture of the Indians. English education casted an evil spell on the Indians, it had crippled Indians and made them strangers in their own land. This is what Gandhiji believed about the impact of English education by enslaving Indians.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 8 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

New Kings and Kingdoms Class 7 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

New Kings and Kingdoms Class 7 Questions and Answers History Chapter 2

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 7 SST History Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 7 History Chapter 2 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 7 History Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Match of the following.

Answer:
1. (c)
2. (a)
3. (b)
4. (d)

Question 2.
Who were the parties involved in the “tripartite struggle”?
Answer:
The parties involved in the “tripartite struggle” were:

1. Gurjara-Pratiharas;
2. Rashtrakutas and
3. Pala

Question 3.
What were the qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire?
Answer:
In the Chola Empire the provision of sabha was very important and to become a member of a sabha qualifications were provisioned. Different sabhas has separate committees such as garden sabha, temples sabha, irrigation etc. The eligibility of members has been described in an inscription of Uttaramerur, which are as under:

1. They should be owner of land and revenue should be collected from them
2. They should have their own home
3. They should be between 35 to 70 years of age
4. They should have knowledge of the Vedas; and
5. They should be well-versed in administrative matters and honest.
6. They should not have been a member of any committee in the last three years;
7. Anyone who has not submitted his accounts, and those of his relatives, cannot contest the elections.

Question 4.
What were the two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas?
Answer:
Delhi and Ajmer were two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas.

Let’s Understand

Question 5.
How did the Rashtrakutas become powerful?
Answer:
Rashtrakutas were initially the subordinates of the Chalukyas in Deccan. About 850, Dantidurga, a Rastrakuta chief performed a ritual hiranya-garbha and overthrew the Chalukya overlord. During the period, kings acknowledged the big landlords as samantas or their subordinates. Samantas provided gifts and military as and when required to the king. Gradually, they got power and wealth and declared themselves as a maha-samantas or maha-mandaleshvara.

Question 6.
What did the new dynasties do to gain acceptance?
Answer:
The new dynasties gained power and wealth. Many of such kings adopted high sounding titles like maharaja-adhiraja or tribhuvana-chakravartin. Learned Brahmanas were deputed for praise of king. Their activities were recorded in Prashastis. They tried to demonstrate their power and resources by building large temples.

Question 7.
What kind of irrigation works were developed in the Tamil region?
Answer:
Although, agriculture had developed earlier in other parts of Tamil Nadu. At was only from the 5th or 6th century that this area was opened up for large-scale cultivation. As a development of irrigation in the delta region, embankments had built to prevent flooding and canals had been constructed to carry water to the fields. In some areas wells were dug, huge tanks were constructed to collect rainwater.

Question 8.
What were the activities associated with Chola temples?
Answer:
Cholas temples were associated with many activities. Temples were not only places of worship, they were also the hub of economic, social and cultural life. There were activities of priests, garland makers, cooks, sweepers, musicians, dancers, etc.

Question 9.
Look at Map 1 once more and find out whether there were any kingdoms in the state in which you live.
Answer:
Students can write answer with the help of teacher.

Question 10.
Contrast the “elections” in Uttaramerur with present day panchayat elections.
Answer:
Inscriptions which were received from Uttaramerur, Distt. Chingleput, Tamil Nadu stated that sabha was organized. The sabha had separate committees. Only eligible members were allowed to become a member of sabha (see eligibilities in the answer of Q3). The names of eligible members were written on small tickets of palm leaves, these tickets were put into an earthenware pot, from which a young boy was asked to take out the tickets, one by one for each committee.

Present Panchayat elections in our country give right to each and every person to fight or elect, who reached age of 18 years. Now elections are made through Ballet Papers or EVM. Counting is done transparently which ultimately ensures selection of a candidate who gets more votes.

Let’s Do

Question 11.
Compare the temple shown in this chapter with any present-day temple in your neighbourhood, highlighting any similarities and differences that you notice.
Answer:
Students can write answer with the help of teacher.

Question 12.
Find out more about taxes that are collected at present. Are these in cash, kind, or labour services?
Answer:
Today we pay number of taxes, broadly
(i) direct tax
(ii) indirect tax.
Under the direct tax we have to pay income tax, property tax, transport tax, registration tax, water tax etc. Under the indirect tax we have to pay tax on purchasing of any goods, edibles, beverage, medicines etc. Both direct and indirect taxes are paid only in form of cash. Our government is not taking tax in form of kind, or labour services.

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