Author name: Prasanna

Ruling the Countryside Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Ruling the Countryside Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 3

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 3 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 3 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall
Question 1.
Match the following.

Answer:
(a) indigo
(b) industrialisation
(c) synthetic dyes
(d) indigo planters

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks.
(a) Growers of woad in Europe saw ____________ as a crop which would provide competition to their
earnings.
(b) The demand for indigo increased in late eighteenth century Britain because of ……….
(c) The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of ………………
(d) The Champaran Movement was against …………..
Answer:
(a) indigo
(b) industrialisation
(c) synthetic dyes
(d) indigo planters

Let’s Discuss

Question  3.
Describe the main features of the Premanent Settlement.
Answer:
In need of maximisation of revenue income, the Company finally introduced Permanent Settlement in 1793 with following features:

• An amount of revenue to be paid was fixed permanently for the Raj as, Taluqdars who were recognised as zamindars to collect revenue. So there was no chance for any increase in the demand of revenue from the Company side.
• Since there was no chance of increasing the revenue demand zamindars would benefit from increased production from land.
• The system proved oppressive as it forced numerous zamindaris to be sold off at auctions organised by the Company.

Question 4.
How was the Mahalwari system different from the Permanent Settlement?
Answer:
The differences of permanent settlement and Mahalwari system lies in their names itself. Permanent settlement imposed in 1793 aimed at collecting land revenue but within a totally differed way. Its terms said that zamindars were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company. But amount to be paid as revenue was fixed for permanent time which meant it couldn’t be increased or decreased in future.

It aimed at ensuring a regular flow of revenue into the Company’s account and at the same time encouraging zamindars for investing in the improvisation of land. Since the demand of revenue by the Company would not change, the zamindars would benefit from the land. This policy became a big failure due to its oppressive nature.

On the other hand Mahalwari system introduced by Holt Mackanzie came into effect in 1822 was introduced in need of changing the revenue collecting system. It was introduced in north-western provinces of Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now in Uttar Pradesh) it was felt that village was an important social institution in North Indian society to there was an estimation done by the collectors from village to village.

Then the estimated revenue of each plot within village was added up to calculate revenue that each Mahal (village) had to pay. The demand was revised periodically not permanently fixed as in permanent settlement. The change of collecting revenue and paying it to the The Company was given to the village headman, not like permanent settlement in which zamindar use to collect and pay. This is now the Mahalwari system work and this how it is different from the name to process of permanent settlement system.

Question 5.
Give two problems which arose with the new Munro system of fixing revenue.
Answer:
The two problem which arose with the new Munro system of fixing revenue was:

• In desire to increase the income from land, revenue demand was fixed too high.
• Peasants were unable to pay such high fixed revenue so the Ryots fled and villages became deserted. Because of these problems the aim of optimistic officials to transform peasants into rich enterprising farmers failed completely.

Question 6.
Why were Ryots reluctant to grow indigo?
Answer:
The increasing demand of Bengal indigo resulted in attraction of the Britishers towards becoming the indigo planters and investing in the plantation process of indigo.

(i) There were two main systems introduced for the indigo cultivation: Nij and Ryoti.

(ii) Planters forced the Ryots to sign contracts and paid them advances at the low rates of interest to produce indigo. This loan although helped the cultivators for short time but later due to commitment of cultivating indigo on atleast 25% of area under them made them unable to fulfil their other crop demands. They were trapped in cycle of loan from which it was difficult to come out. This is why the ryots were reluctant to grow indigo.

Question 7.
What were the circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal?
Answer:
Indigo production in Bengal collapsed because in 1859 thousands of Ryots refused to pay rents to the planters and started to rebel against oppressive policy of planters. With help of local zamindars and village headmen who were forced to sign contracts, they got mobilised against the planters.

After the Revolt of 1857 the British government was worried of another popular rebellion talking place so, they brought in the military to protect the planters from assault and Indigo Commission was setup to enquire into system of indigo production in which the Commission found the planters guilty and criticised their activity. The Commission declared the indigo production non-profitable for Ryots. The Commission asked Ryots to fulfil their existing contract but also told them that ryots could refuse to produce indigo in future. This is how indigo production collapsed in Bengal.

Question 8.
Find out more about the Champaran Movement and Mahatma Gandhi’s role in it.
Answer:
In Champaran and as a matter of fact in the whole of Bihar, there was an enormous personal increase in the land rent. The peasants were forced to grow indigo on the best part of their land. They were also required to dedicate their time and labour to crop decided by the landlord. The peasants were paid very poor wage and it was not enough to earn their livelihood.

The Champaran peasantry suffered terrible at the hand of European planters. Both landlords and the Government officials had made an alliance together as a tool of oppression to the peasants. Thus, the people led subhuman lives like animals and suffering from all kinds of miseries. As a result, people of Champarana wanted relief from these worse conditions.

Role of Mahatma Gandhi in Champarana Movement:

The Champaran peasant movement was launched in 1917-18. Its objective was to create awakening among the peasants against the European planters. In 1916, the Indian National Congress in its Lucknow session, discussed the peasant situation of Champaran. Gandhiji wanted to improve the relations between the jamindars and tenants. The struggle of the Champaran peasants took place in April 1917.

Mahatma Gandhi wrote a letter to the District Magistrate of Champaran, wherein he showed his concern to give the peasants freedom from landlords and governmeant. Participation of the general peasantry and the ideology of non-violence gave strength to the peasants as well as to the movement. The Champarana movement which was led by Gandhi is described to be a success story in the history of peasant movements in India.

Question 9.
Look into the history of either tea and coffee plantations in India. See how the life of workers in these plantations was similar to or different from that of workers in indigo plantation
Answer:
Students may discuss with Class Teacher and attempt the answer.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Here you will find Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 3 with Answers Solutions, Extra Questions for Class 10 Maths are solved by experts and will guide students in the right direction.

Extra Questions for Class 10 Maths Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables with Answers Solutions

Extra Questions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables with Solutions Answers

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Objective Type

Question 1.
If the pair of linear equations x – y – k = 0 and 6x – 2y – 3 = 0 represent an infinite solution, then the value of k is:
(a) k = 1
(b) k = 2
(c) k = 0
(d) No value of k
Answer:
(d) No value of k

Question 2.
If the pair of equations 6x + 5y = 4 and 12x + py = -8 has no solution, then the value of p is:
(a) 9
(b) 10
(c) 7
(d) 6
Answer:
(b) 10

Question 3.
The solution of the equation 2x + 3y = 18 and x – 2y = 2 is
(a) x = 2, y = 6
(b) x = 6, y = 2
(c) x = – 6, y = -2
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) x = 6, y = 2

Question 4.
Find the values of x and y in the following equations:
x – 3y = 8 and 5x + 3y = 10
(a) x = 3, y = – \(\frac {5}{3}\)
(b) x = -3, y = \(\frac {5}{3}\)
(c) x = -3, y = – \(\frac {5}{3}\)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) x = 3, y = – \(\frac {5}{3}\)

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution method.
(i) x + y = 14, x – y = 4
(ii) 3x – y = 3, 9x – 3y = 9
(iii) √2x + √3y = 0, √3x – √8y = 0
Solution:
(i) We have,
x + y = 14 …..(i)
and x – y = 4 ……(ii)
From Eq. (ii), y = x – 4 …(iii)
Substituting y from Eq. (iii) in Eq. (i), we get
x + x – 4 = 14
⇒ 2x = 18.
⇒ x = 9
On substituting x = 9 in Eq. (iii), we get
y = 9 – 4 = 5
⇒ y = 5
x = 9, y = 5

(ii) We have,
3x – y = 3 …(i)
and 9x – 3y = 9 …(ii)
From Eq. (i)y = 3x – 3 …. (iii)
On substituting y from Eq. (iii) in Eq. (ii), we get
9x – 3(3x – 3) = 9
⇒ 9 = 9
It is a true statement. Hence, every solution of Eq. (i) is a solution of Eq. (ii) and vice-versa.
On putting x = k in Eq. (i), we get
3k – y = 3 ⇒ y = 3k – 3
∴ x = k, y = 3k – 3 is a solution for every real k.
Hence, infinitely many solutions exist.

(iii) We have,
√2x + √3y = 0 …..(i)
and √3x – √8y = 0 …(ii)
From Eq. (ii),
√8y = √3x
⇒ y = \(\frac{\sqrt{3} x}{\sqrt{8}}\) …..(iii)
On substituting y from Eq. (iii) in Eq. (i), we get

⇒ √2 x √8x + 3x = 0
⇒ √16x + 3x = 0
⇒ 4x + 3x = 0
⇒ 7x = 0
⇒ x = 0
Putting x = 0 in Eq. (iii), y = 0

Question 2.
Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems and find their solutions (if they exist) by the elimination method
(i) If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction reduces to 1. It becomes \(\frac {1}{2}\), if we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the fraction ?
(ii) Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu ?
Solution:
(i) Let the fraction be \(\frac {x}{y}\)
According to the given conditions,

⇒ x + 1 = y – 1; 2x = y + 1 ……..(i)
⇒ x – y = -2 and 2x – y = 1 ……..(ii)
On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii),
(2x – y) – (x – y) = 1 + 2
⇒ x = 3
On substituting x = 3 in Eq. (i),
3 – y = -2 ⇒ y = 5
Hence, the fraction is \(\frac {3}{5}\)

(ii) Let present age of Nuri = x years. Present age of Sonu = y years
According to the given conditions,
Five years ago,
x – 5 = 3(y – 5)
⇒ x – 3y = -10 …(i)
Ten years later,
x + 10 = 2(y + 10)
⇒ x – 2y = 10 …(ii)
On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii),
(x – 2y) – (x – 3y) = 10 + 10
⇒ – 2y + 3y = 20
⇒ y = 20
From Eq. (ii), substituting y = 20, we get
⇒ x = 2y + 10 = 2 × 20 + 10
⇒ x = 50
Therefore, present age of Nuri = 50 years and present age of Sonu = 20 years

Question 3.
For What value of k, will the pair of linear equations kx + y = k² and x + ky = 1 have infinitely many solutions ?
Solution:
Given equation are
kx + y = k² ……(i)
and x + ky = 1 ……(ii)
have infinitely many solution

∴ k² = 1 = k ⇒ ± 1
and k³ = 1 ⇒ k = 1
Hence k = 1

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Solve the following pairs of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear equations:
(i) \(\frac {4}{x}\) + 3y =14 and \(\frac {3}{x}\) – 4y = 23
(ii)

Solution:
(i) We have,
\(\frac {4}{x}\) + 3y =14 and \(\frac {3}{x}\) – 4y = 23
On putting \(\frac {1}{x}\) = X, we get
4x + 3y = 14 …..(i)
and 3x – 4y = 23 … (ii)
On multiplying Eq. (i) by 4 and Eq. (ii) by 3 and then adding, we get
16X + 9X = 4 × 14 + 3 × 23
⇒ 25X = 56 + 69
⇒ 25X = 125 = X = 5
Then, \(\frac {1}{x}\) = 5
⇒ x = \(\frac {1}{5}\) From Eq. (i), substituting x = 5, we get
4 × 5 + 3y = 14 = 3y = 14 – 20
⇒ 3y = -6 = y = -2
Hence, x = and y = -2


⇒ x – 1 = 3 and y – 2 = 3
⇒ x = 3 + 1
and y = 3 + 2
⇒ x = 4 and y = 5

Question 2.
Prove that the pair of linear equation \(\frac {22}{7}\)x + \(\frac {22}{7}\)y = 7 and y = 7 and 9x – 10y = 14 is coinsistent find its solution by method cross-multiplication.
Solution:
Given equation are
\(\frac {22}{7}\)x + \(\frac {22}{7}\)y = 7
⇒ 3x + 5y = 14 ….(i)
and 9x – 10y = 14 …(ii)
If \(\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}} \neq \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}\) then equation are coinsistance.
Here a₁ = 3, b₁ = 5, c₁ = – 14
and a₂ = 9, b₂ = -10, c₂ = -14

Question 3.
Solve the following pair of linear equations.

x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0
Solution:
Suppose \(\frac{1}{x-y}\) = a
and \(\frac{1}{x+y}\) = b
The reduced equation will be
15a + 22b = 5 ….(i)
and 40a + 55b = 13 (ii)
Multiply equation (i) by 8 and equation (ii) by 3, we get
120a + 176b = 40
and 120a + 165b = 39
on substracting 11b = 1

∴ x – y = 5 … (iv)
Solving Eq. (iii) and Eq. (iv) we get.
x = 8 and y = 3

Question 4.
The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing the digits is 66. If the digits of the number differ by 2. Find the number.
Solution:
Let unit digit of the number bex and ten’s digit of the number be y
∴ Number = 10y + x
and Number obtain by reversing the digits is 10x + y
∴ By Ist condition,
(10y + x) + (10x + y) = 66
⇒ 11x + 11y = 66
∴ x + y = 6 ……(i)
By IInd condition, x – y = 2 (ii)
On adding (i) & (ii)
2x = 8
∴ x = 4
from equation (1), y = 6 – 4 = 2
Hence, required Number be 2 × 10 + 4 = 24

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 2

Question 1.
7 chairs and 4 tables for a classroom cost ₹ 7000 while 5 chairs and 6 tables cost ₹ 5080. Find the cost of each chair and that of each table.
Solution:
Let the cost of each chair be ₹ x and that of each table be ₹ y.
Then,
7x + 4y = 7000 …(i)
5x + 3y = 5080 …(ii)
On multiplying (i) by 3, (ii) by 4 and subtracting, we get:
(21x – 20x) = (21000 – 20320)
⇒ x = 680.
On substituting x = 680 in (i), we get:
(7000 – 4760) 4y = 7000
⇒ 4y = (7000 – 4760)
⇒ y = 560.
∴ cost of each chair = ₹ 680 and cost of each table = ₹ 560.

Question 2.
The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order of its digits is 99. If the digits differ by 3, find the number.
Solution:
Let the tens and units digits of the required number be x and y respectively.
Then, the number = (10x + y).
The number obtained on reversing the digits = (10y + x).
∴ (10y + x) + (10x + y) = 99
= 11(x + y) = 99
⇒ x + y = 9.
Also, (x – y) = ± 3.
∴ x + y = 9 …..(i)
x – y = 3 …..(ii)
x + y = 9 ….(iii)
x – y = -3 …..(iv)
From (i) and (ii), we get: x = 6, y = 3.
From (iii) and (iv), we get: x = 3, y = 6.
Hence, the required number is 63 or 36.

Question 3.
The monthly incomes of A and B are in the ratio 8 : 7 and their expenditures are in the ratio 19 : 16. If each saves ₹ 5000 per month, find the monthly income of each.
Solution:
Let the monthly incomes of A and B be ₹ 8x and ₹ 7x respectively, and let their expenditures be ₹ 19y and ₹ 16y respectively.
Then, A’s monthly savings = ₹ (8x – 19y).
And, B’s monthly savings = ₹ (7x – 16y).
But, the monthly saving of each is ₹ 5000.
∴ 8x – 19y = 5000 …..(i)
7x – 16y = 5000…..(ii)
Multiplying (ii) by 19, (i) by 16 and subtracting the results, we get:
(19 × 7 – 16 × 8)x = (19 × 5000 – 16 × 5000)
⇒ (133 – 128)x = (19 – 16) 5000
⇒ 5x = 15000
⇒ x = 3000.
∴ A’s monthly income = ₹ (8x) = ₹ (8 × 3000) = ₹ 24000.
And, B’s monthly income = ₹ (7x) = ₹(7 × 3000) = ₹ 21000.

Question 4.
A two-digit number is such that the product of its digits is 14. If 45 is added to the number, the digits interchange their places. Find the number.
Solution:
Let the tens and units digits of the required number be x and y respectively.
Then, xy = 14.
Required number= (10x + y).
Number obtained on reversing its digits = (10y + x).
∴ (10x + y) + 45 = (10y + x)
⇒ 9(y – x) = 45
⇒ y – x = 5 …(i)
Now, (y + x)² – (y – x)² = 4xy

= y + x = 9 …(ii)
[∴ digits are never negative)
2y = 14 ⇒ y = 7.
Putting y = 7 in (ii), we get:
7 + x = 9 ⇒ x = (9 – 7) = 2.
x = 2 and y = 7.
Hence, the required number is 27.

Question 5.
The sum of the numerator and the denominator of a fraction is 12. If the denominator is increased by 3, the fraction becomes \(\frac {1}{2}\). Find the fraction.
Solution:
Let the required fraction be \(\frac {x}{y}\).
Then,
∴ x + y = 12 ……(i)
and \(\frac{x}{y+3}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
⇒ 2x = y + 3
⇒ 2x – y = 3 …(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get:
3x = 15 x = 5.
Putting x = 5 in (i), we get:
5 + y = 12 y = (12 – 5) = 7.
Thus, x = 5 and y = 7.
Hence, the required fraction is \(\frac {5}{7}\).

Question 6.
Five year ago, A was thrice as old as B and ten years later A shall be twice as old as B. What are the present ages of A and B ?
Solution:
Let the present ages of B and A be x years and y years respectively. Then,
B’s age 5 years ago = (x – 5 ) years and A’s age 5 years ago = (y – 5) years.
∴ (y – 5) = 3(x – 5) = 3x – y = 10 …(i)
B’s age 10 years hence = (x + 10) years.
A’s age 10 years hence = (y + 10) years.
∴ (y + 10) = 2(x + 10) = 2x – y = -10 (ü)
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get:
x = 20.
Putting x = 20 in (i), we get:
(3 x 20) – y = 10 = y = (60 – 10) = 50.
∴ x = 20 and y = 50.
Hence, B’s present age = 20 years and A’s present age = 50 years.

Question 7.
If the length of a rectangle is reduced by 5 units and its breadth is increased by 2 units, then the area of the rectangle is reduced by 80 sq units. However, if we increase its length by 10 units and decrease the breadth by 5 units, its area is increased by 50 sq units. Find the length and breadth of the rectangle.
Solution:
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be x units and y units respectively.
Then, area of the rectangle = xy sq units
Case I: When the length is reduced by 5 units and the breadth is increased by 2 units.
Then,new length= (x – 5) units
andnew breadth = (y + 2) units.
∴ new area = (x – 5)(y + 2) sq units.
∴ xy – (x – 5)(y + 2) = 80
⇒ 5y – 2x = 70…(i)
Case II: When the length is increased by 10 units and the breadth is decreased by 5 units.
Then, new length= (x + 10) units
andnew breadth = (y – 5) units.
∴ new area = (x + 10)(y – 5) sq units.
∴ (x + 10)(y – 5) – xy = 50
⇒ 10y – 5x = 100
⇒ 2y – x = 20 …….(ii)
On multiplying (ii) by 2 and subtracting esult from (i), we get:
y = 30.
Putting y = 30 in (ii), we get:
(2 × 30) – x = 20 ⇒ 60 – x = 20
⇒ x = (60 – 20) = 40.
∴ x = 40 and y = 30.
Hence, length = 40 units and breadth = 30 units.

Question 8.
8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of work in 5 days, while 6 men and 8 boys can finish it in 7 days. Find the time taken by 1 man alone and that by 1 boy alone to finish the work…
Solution:
Suppose 1 man alone can finish the work in x days and 1 boy alone can finish it in y days.
Then, 1 man’s 1 day’s work = \(\frac {1}{x}\)
And, 1 boy’s 1 day’s work = \(\frac {1}{y}\)
8 men and 12 boys can finish the work in 5 days
⇒ (8 men’s 1 day’s work) + (12 boys’ 1 day’s work) = \(\frac {1}{5}\)
⇒ \(\frac {8}{x}\) + \(\frac {12}{y}\) = \(\frac {1}{5}\),
⇒ 8υ + 12υ = \(\frac {1}{5}\),
[Where \(\frac {1}{x}\) = υ and \(\frac {1}{y}\) = υ] …..(i)
Again, 6 men and 8 boys can finish the work in 7 days
⇒ (6 men’s 1 day’s work) + (8 boys’ 1 day’s work) = \(\frac {1}{7}\)

∴ one man alone can finish the work in 70 days,
and one boy alone can finish the work in 140 days.

Question 9.
A boat goes 16 km upstream and 24 km downstream in 6 hours. Also, it covers 12 km upstream and 36 km downstream at the same time. Find the speed of the boat in still water and that of the stream.
Solution:
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the stream be y km/hr.
Then, speed upstream = (x – y) km/hr
and speed downstream = (x + y) km/hr.
Time taken to cover 16 km upstream


On adding (v) and (vi), we get: 2x = 16 ⇒ x = 8.
On subtracting (vi) from (v), we get:
2y = 8 y = 4.
∴ speed of the boat in still water
= 8 km/hr.
And, speed of the stream = 4 km/hr.

Question 10.
90% and 97% pure acid solutions are mixed to obtain 21 litres of 95% pure acid Solution: Find the quantity of each type of acid to be mixed to form the mixture.
Solution:
Let the given solutions be labelled as A and B respectively.
Let x litres of A be mixed with y litres of B. Then,
x + y = 21
Quantity of acid in x litres of A = (90% of x)


⇒ 90x + 97y – 1995 …….(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 90 and subtracting the result from (ii), we get:
7y = 105 ⇒ y = 15.
Putting y = 15 in (i), we get:
x + 15 = 21 = x = 6.
∴ x = 6 and y = 15.
So, 6 litres of 90% solution is mixed with 15 litres of 97% Solution.

Question 11.
On selling a tea-set at 5% loss and a lemon-set at 15% gain, a shopkeeper gains ₹ 84. However, if he sells the tea-set at 5% gain and the lemon-set at 10% gain, he gains ₹ 104. Find the price of the tea-set and that of the lemon-set paid by the shopkeeper.
Solution:
Let the CP of the tea-set and the lemon-set be ₹ x and ₹ y respectively.

On adding (i) and (ii), we get:
5y = 3760 ⇒ y = 752.
Putting y = 752 in (ii), we get:
x + (2 × 752) = 2080
x = (2080 – 1504) = 576.
∴ x = 576 and y = ₹ 752.
Hence, CP of the tea-set = ₹ 576
and CP of the lemon-set = ₹ 752.

Question 12.
A chemist has one solution containing 50% acid and a second one containing 25% acid. How much of each should be used to make 10 litres of a 40% acid solution ?
Solution:
Let x liters of 50% solution be mixed with y liters of 25% Solution. Then,
x + y = 10 and 50% of x + 25% of y = 40% of 10
⇒ x + y 10 and \(\frac {50}{100}\) × x + \(\frac {25}{100}\) × y = \(\frac {40}{100}\) × 10
⇒ x + y 10 and \(\frac {x}{2}\) + \(\frac {y}{4}\) = 4
⇒ x + y = 10 …(i)
and 2x + y = 16 …(ii)
On solving (i) and (ii), we get: x = 6 and y = 4.
∴ 6 litres of 50% solution is to be mixed with 4 litres of 25% Solution.

Question 13.
In a ∆ABC, ∠C = 3∠B = 2(∠A + ∠B). Find the angles.
Solution:
Let ∠A = x° and ∠B = y°. Then,
∠C = 3∠B = (3y)°.
Now, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
⇒ x + y + 3y = 180°
x + 4y = 180 ……(i)
Also, ∠C = 2(∠A + ∠B)
⇒ 3y = 2(x + y)
⇒ 2x – y = 0 ……(ii)
Multiplying (ii) by 4 and adding the result to (i), we get:
9x = 180 ⇒ x = 20.
Putting x = 20 in (i), we get:
20 + 4y = 180 ⇒ 4y = 160
⇒ y = \(\frac {160}{4}\) = 40.
∴ x = 20 and y = 40.
∴ ∠A = 20°, ∠B = 40°
and ∠C = (3 x 40)° = 120°.

From Trade to Territory Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

From Trade to Territory Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 2

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 2 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall
Question 1.
Match the following

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (e) 5. (c)

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks.
(a) The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of ………….
(b) Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of ………….
(c) Dalhousie implemented the Doctorine of ………….
(d) Maratha kingdoms were located mainly in the part of India…………..
Answer:
(a) Plassey
(b) Mysore
(c) Lapse
(d) western

Question 3.
State whether True and False.
(a) The Mughal empire became stronger in the 18th century.
(b) The East India Company was the only European the Company that traded with India.
(c) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of Punjab.
(d) The British did not introduce administrative changes in the territories they conquered.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False

Let’s Discuss

Question 4.
What attracted European trading companies to India?
Answer:
European trading companies were attracted to India:

• Because of the availability of fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India.
• Pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon were in great demand in Europe. Therefore, the Indian spices also attracted the European companies the most.

Question 5.
What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India Company?
Answer:
The areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India The Company were as mentioned:
(i) After the demise of Aurangzeb, Bengal Nawabs asserted their power and autonomy, they denied and refused to grant concessions to the Company.

(ii) Nawabs asked for the large tribute for the Company’s right to trade.

(iii) Nawabs also denied for the Company’s right to mint coins.

(iv) Nawabs even stopped the Company for extending the fortifications.

(v) Nawabs accused the Company of deceit and claimed that the Company was depriving Bengal government of huge amounts of revenue and undermining authority of Nawab by refusing to pay taxes, writing, disrespectful letters and trying to humiliate the Nawabs and officials under Nawab.

• From Company’s side, the Company declared that unjust demands of local official were ruining the trade of the Company.
  This whole process led to confrontation and conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India The Company.

Question 6.
How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India The Company?
Answer:
Appointment of the Company as the Diwan by the Mughal emperors in the year 1765, allowed me Company to use the vast revenue and resources of Bengal. The assumption of Diwani benefitted the Company in many ways:

• The Diwani allowed the Company to exploit the vast revenue of Bengal by expanding their trade as before the Company had to buy most of goods in India with gold and silver imported from the Britain.
• Diwani assumption slowed or we can say stopped the overflow of gold from Britain.
• Revenue obtained from India could now finance the expenses of the Company.
• By using the revenue, the purchase of cotton and silk textiles in India was possible.
• The revenue helped the Company by maintaining its troops and meeting the cost of building offices at Calcutta.

Question 7.
Explain the System of ‘subsidiary alliance’?
Answer:
The subsidiary alliance has terms according to which Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. States were protected by the Company and in return they had to pay for the forces appointed tor their protection. In case if the Indian ruler failed to make payment for the subsidiary force’ then part of their territory was taken away as penalty.

Example

• Nawab of Awadh was forced to give over the half of his territory to the Company in 1801 in return of failure to pay for subsidiary forces.
• Hyderabad was also forced to cede territories on the same ground.

Question 8.
In what way was the administration of the Company different from that of Indian rulers?
Answer:
The administration was different from that of Indian ruler in following manner:
(i) The Company used the way of decentralising its power and had set up the units known as presidencies.
There were 3 presidencies. These were major administrative units.

• Bengal
• Madras
• Bombay

(ii) Governor General was appointed to rule over Presidencies.

(iii) There were several administrative reforms in the area of law and justice.

(iv) Governor-General was the supreme of the administration.

(v) European district collectors presided over the civil courts i.e. (Diwani Adalat) in which Maulvis and Hindu pandits interpreted the Indian laws to the collector.

(vi) Among the two courts were criminal court and civil court. The criminal courts also known as diwani adalat were under a qazi and a mufti but still under the supervision of the collectors.

(vii) The principal figure in an Indian district was the collector as his main role was to collect revenue and taxes and maintain law and order. Collectors replaced previous Indian holders of the authority and became the new centre of power.

If we see the above things the Indian rulers had lacked planned administration as it was there in the Company rule. Therefore, the Company administered in a proper way. And there only it differentiated itself from the administration of the Indian rulers which was in actual a perfect example of mismanagement that resulted in loss of their territories.

Question 9.
Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the Company’s army.
Answer:
Colonial rule in India had brought many new ideas and reforms but their main power rested on their military strength.
The change occurred in the 18th century when the Mughal successor state of Awadh and Benaras started recruiting peasants into their armies and trained them as the professional soldiers. This is what the Company adopted, they also started the recruitment of the peasants in their own army which were known as sepoy army (sipahi).

As there was change in warfare technology during 1820’s, the cavalry recruitments of the Company’s army declined due to fighting of British army in Afghanistan, Burma and Egypt where the soldiers were armed with muskets and matchlocks.

Soldiers of the Company army had to keep pace with the changing requirements of military so its infantry regiment became more important.18th century saw the beginning of uniform Military culture with European style training. This is how the process of changes occurred in the composition of the Company’s army.

Let’s do

Question 10.
After The British conquest of Bengal, Calcutta grew from a small village to a big city. Find out about the culture, architecture and the life of Europeans and Indians of the city during the colonial period.
Answer:
Students can do it with their teachers help.

Question 11.
Collect pictures, stories, poems and informations about any of the following – The Rani of Jhansi, Mahadji Sindhia, Haider Ali, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord Dalhousie or any other contemporary ruler of your region.
Answer:
Students can do this with their teacher’s help.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

How, When and Where Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 1 How, When and Where familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

How, When and Where Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 1

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 1 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 1 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall
Question 1.
State whether true or false:
(a) James Mill divided Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim, Christian.
(b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think.
(c) The British thought surveys were important for effective administration.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True

Let’s Discuss

Question 2.
What is the problem with the periodisation of Indian history that James Mill offers?
Answer:
The division done by James Mill was based on communal lines with wrong notion about the achievements of Indians during the Ancient and Medieval period According to Mill, all sorts of developments and progress made by the Indians were due to colonial rules as he depicted a prejudiced version of Indian History.

Question 3.
Why did the British preserve official documents?
Answer:
For the Britishers, the act of writing was an important task and every official documents had to be clearly written up and preserved. Once this was done, things could be properly studied and debated. Therefore, the preserved documents could be used as a point of reference whenever required. These were the reasons why the British preserved the official documents.

Question 4.
How will the information historians get from old newspapers be different from that found in police reports?
Answer:
Information is essential for writing history of a time which can be gathered from various sources. Apart from official documents in the archives, historians gather information from old newspapers, diaries of people, accounts of pilgrims, autobiographies of important personalities and booklets etc.

Information found in newspapers is varied, based on incidents that have occurred across the country whereas, the police reports are limited and localized. Because of this fact sometimes, the information historians get from police reports is not as useful as it is from old newspapers. Newspapers reports help us mostly to understand what actually the other people in the country felt, and what was there behind the actions of the Britishers.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 1 How, When and Where PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Human Resource Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Human Resource Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 6

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Geography Chapter 6 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 6 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Why are people considered a resource?
(ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?
(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?
(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change.
(v) What is meant by population composition?
(vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about the population of a country?
Answer:
(i) People are a nation’s greatest resource as the nature’s bounty becomes significant only when people find it useful. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn them in ‘resources’. Human resource is the ultimate resource.

(ii) There are several geographical factors like topography, climate, soil, water and minerals and there are many social, cultural and economical factors that also cause for the uneven distribution of population in the world as these factors vary from place to place and suitable for the person till the person adopts it easily.

(iii) The world population has grown rapidly due to the growth of the better food supply and medicine. The deaths were reducing, while the number of birth still remained the same. Therefore, the increase in the population of the world is mainly due to rapid increase in natural growth rate.

(iv) The role of factors influencing population change:

• Social factor: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities attract more and more population.
• Geographical Factor: Its includes topography, climate, soil, water, minerals that attract people according to their choice of living. The more favourable the environment is the more it will attract the people.

(v) Population composition refers to the structure of the population. The composition of population helps us to know how many are males or females, which age group they belong to, how educated they are and what type of occupations they are employed in, what their income levels and health conditions are.

(vi) Population pyramid also known as age-sex pyramid shows with its shape the story of people living in that particular country. In pyramid the number of children below 15 yrs are shown at the bottom and reflect the level of births. The size of the top shows the numbers of aged people (above 65 yrs) and reflects the number of deaths. The population pyramid also tells us how many dependants are economically active or inactive. All this and many other things are shown in the pictorial representation of population pyramid.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which does the term population distribution refer to?
(a) How population in a specified area changes over time.
(b) The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified area.
(c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.
Answer:
(c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.

(ii) Which are three main factors that cause population change?
(а) Births, deaths and marriage
(b) Births, deaths and migration
(c) Births, deaths and life expectancy
Answer:
(b) Births, deaths and migration

(iii) In 1999, the world population reached
(a) 1 billion
(b) 3 billion
(c) 6 billion
Answer:
(c) 6 billion

(iv) What is a population pyramid?
(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.
(b) When the population density of an area is so high that people live in tall buildings.
(c) Pattern of population distribution in large urban areas.
Answer:
(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.

Question 3.
Complete the sentences below using some of the following words, sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely
When people are attracted to an area it becomes …………. populated. Factors that influence this include……………… climate; good supplies of …………….. resources and ……………. land.
Answer:
When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated.
Factors that influence this include favourable climate; good supplies of natural resources and fertile land.

Activity
Discuss the characteristics of a society with ‘too many under 15s’ and one with ‘too few under 15s’.
Hint: need for schools; pension schemes, teachers, toys, wheel chairs, labour supply, hospitals.
Answer:
To be done by yourself based on students thinking capacity.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Inside our Earth Class 7 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Life in the Temperate Grasslands Class 7 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 9

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 7 SST Geography Chapter 9 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 7 Geography Chapter 9 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 9 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) What are the temperate grasslands of North America called?
(ii) What are the cattle farms in the North American Grasslands known as?
(iii) Name the rivers that drain the Velds.
(iv) When is the rainy season in the Velds?
(v) What is the major occupation of the people of the South African grasslands?

Answer:
(i) The temperate grasslands of North America are known as the Prairies.
(ii) The cattle farms in the North American grasslands known as ‘ranches’.
(iii) The tributaries of rivers Orange and Limpopo.
(iv) The rainy season in the Velds occurs from November to February.
(v) Sheep rearing is the major occupation of the people of the South African grasslands.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer:
(i) River Mississippi drains:
(a) Canadians
(b) Africans
(c) USA
Answer:
(c) USA

(ii) Drakensberg Mountains are to the west of:
(a) Prairies
(b) Velds
(c) Pampas
Answer:
(b) Velds

(iii) Merino is a species of:
(a) Fish
(b) Elephant
(c) Sheep
Answer:
(c) Sheep

(iv) Kimberley is famous for:
(a) Diamonds
(b) Silver
(c) Platinum
Answer:
(a) Diamonds

Question 3.
Match the following.

Answer:
1. (b)
2. (d)
3. (e)
4. (c)
5. (a)

Question 4.
Give reasons.
(i) The Prairies are known as the ‘Granaries of the World’
(ii) Rise of wool industry in the Velds.

Answer:
(i) The Prairies are known as the ‘Granaries of the World’ because of huge production of wheat.
(ii) In the velds regions, sheep rearing is the most important occupation of the people. Sheep has given rise to the wool industry in the velds. Merino sheep is a popular species and its wool is very warm. Hence, the wool industry rose in the Velds.

Question 5.
On an outline map of North America, mark the rocky mountains, the Great lakes, river Mississippi, river Saskatchewan, the cities. Chicago and Winnipeg.
Answer:

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.