CBSE Class 6

These NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Changes Around Us Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts to help students while preparing for their exams.

Changes Around Us NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 6

Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Changes Around Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

Question 1.
To walk through a waterlogged area, you usually shorten the length of your dress by folding it. Can this change be reversed?
Answer:
Yes, by unfolding the dress we can reverse this change.

Question 2.
You accidentally dropped your favourite toy and broke it. This is a change you did not want. Can this change be reversed?
Answer:
No, it cannot be reversed. It is an irreversible change.

Question 3.
Some changes are listed in the following table. For each change, write in the blank column, whether the change can be reversed or not.

Answer:

Question 4.
A drawing sheet changes when you draw a picture on it. Can you reverse this change?
Answer:
By erasing the drawing, we can undo the change. For example, if we draw with the help of pencil, we can erase the drawing by using an eraser. Then, it is a reversible change. If we draw using a pen, we cannot erase the drawing. Then this change cannot be reversed.

Question 5.
Give examples to explain the difference between changes that can or cannot be reversed.
Answer:
Examples of Reversible Changes:

1. Melting of ice into water: By freezing the water we can obtain ice again.
2. Folding a paper: By unfolding it, we can undo the change.
3. Flot milk to cold milk: By boiling milk, we can make it warm again.

Examples of Irreversible Changes:

1. Bursting a balloon.
2. Bud becoming a flower.
3. Cutting a wood into wood pieces.

Question 6.
A thick coating of a paste of Plaster of Paris (POP) is applied over the bandage on a fractured bone. It becomes hard on drying to keep the fractured bone immobilised. Can the change in POP be reversed?
Answer:
When water is added to POP, it undergoes a chemical change. Its composition changes and is converted into another substance. Since it is a chemical change, it cannot be reversed.

Question 7.
A bag of cement lying in the open gets wet due to rain during the night. The next day the sun shines brightly. Do you think the changes, which have occurred in the cement, could be reversed?
Answer:
Due to water, cement hardens and its composition changes. Chemical changes, in general, are irreversible changes. Hence, it is a chemical change which cannot be reversed.

NCERT Extended Learning Activities And Projects

Question 1.
Take a lemon, a paintbrush and a piece of paper. Cut the lemon and squeeze out its juice in a cup. Dip the brush in the lemon juice and write a message on the paper. Let the paper dry and you find that the letters of your message become invisible. Now, press the paper with hot iron or warm it by holding it above the flame of a candle (Take care that it does not catch fire). As the paper gets warm, invisible letters change into dark brown colour. Identify the changes that can be reversed in this process.
Answer:
Irreversible changes: Cutting and squeezing of lemon, writing message on paper.
Reversible changes: Drying and wetting of the paper.

Question 2.
Observe preparation of dishes at your home. Identify two changes that can be reversed.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 3.
Maintain a record for one year of the seasonal changes in vegetables, clothing, nature and events around you. Identify the changes that can or cannot be reversed.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Activity 1

Objective: To show that a balloon changes its size and shape on blowing air into it and the change is reversible.
Materials Required: A balloon.
Procedure:

• Take a balloon and blow air in it. Take care that it does not burst.
• Now allow the air to escape from the balloon.

Observations: On blowing, the size and shape of the balloon have changed. It regains its shape when air is released.
Conclusion: It is possible to get the balloon back to its original shape and size. Therefore, it is a reversible change.

Activity 2

Objective: To make a toy aeroplane by folding paper and show that the change is reversible.
Materials Required: A piece of paper.
Procedure:

• Take a piece of paper and fold it to make an aeroplane.
• Now unfold the paper again.

Observation: The sheet of paper has changed into a toy aeroplane. On unfolding, the paper regains original form.
Conclusion: It is a reversible change.

Activity 3

Objective: To show that rolling of roti out of dough is a reversible change.
Materials Required: Dough (kneaded flour) and rolling pin.
Procedure:

• Take a dough and make a small ball of it with hands.
• Roll this ball of dough into a circular roti by using a rolling pin.
• Now, convert this circular roti into small ball again by crumbling.

Observations: The dough rolled into roti was converted back in dough boll.
Conclusion: It is a reversible change.

• Irreversible changes: Changes that cannot be reversed to form the original substance are called irreversible changes. Changing of milk into curd is an irreversible change because curd cannot be turned into milk again.
• Slow changes: Changes which take long time to complete are called slow changes. Growth of plants is a slow change.
• Fast changes: Changes which take short time to complete are called fast changes. For example, burning of candle is a fast change.
• Chemical changes: Changes in which the chemical properties of substances change to form a new substance are called chemical changes. For example, digestion of food.
• Physical changes: Changes in which the physical properties of a substance change and no new substance is formed are called physical changes. For example, melting of candle wax.
• Freezing: Turning of a liquid into solid at low temperature is called freezing. For example, freezing of water into ice.
• Melting: Turning of a solid into liquid when the temperature is high is called melting. For example, melting of ice into water.
• Evaporation: The process of conversion of liquid into vapour at higher temperature is called evaporation. For example, water evaporates in sunlight.
• Condensation: The process of conversion of gas into liquid is called condensation.
• Contraction: A phenomenon in which a substance shrinks or changes its shape is called contraction.
• Expansion: Many substances expand on heating. This property is used to fix metal rim on wooden wheels or wooden handles in certain tools. In such tools, iron blade has a ring in which wooden handle is fitted. The ring is slightly smaller than the handle. It is first heated, due to which it expands and handle is fitted in it easily. On cooling, the shrinks back to original size fitting tightly around the handle.

Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Changes Around Us Additional Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which type of change ¡s growing of a plant – fast or slow?
Answer:
Slow change.

Question 2.
Do you think that cooking of food is an irreversible change?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 3.
Rolling out roti from dough ball is a slow change or a fast change?
Answer:
Fast change.

Question 4.
Turning of ice into water and water into ice is a reversible change or irreversible change?
Answer:
Reversible change.

Question 5.
Classify the following into slow and fast changes:
a. Burning of paper
b. Spinning of top
c. Melting of ice cream
d. Change of season
Answer:
a. Fast change
b. Fast change
c. Fast change
d. Slow change

Question 6.
Growth of a plant is an irreversible change. Explain.
Answer:
When a plant becomes a tree, it cannot be reversed back into a plant. So, it is an irreversible change.

Question 7.
What do you think that deforestation is an irreversible change or a reversible change?
Answer:
Irreversible change.

Question 8.
Give an example to show that pressure changes the shape of a material.
Answer:
When an inflated balloon is pressed between two hands, its shape and size change.

Question 9.
Give an example to show that metal contracts on cooling?
Answer:
An electric wire becomes tight during winters and sag a little during summers. It proves that metal contracts on cooling.

Question 10.
Define: a. evaporation, b. condensation and c. freezing.
Answer:
a. The process of conversion of liquid into vapour is called evaporation.
b. The process of conversion of gas into liquid is called condensation.
c. The change of state from liquid to solid is called freezing.

Question 11.
What are the different ways in which changes can be caused?
Answer:
By mixing, by applying force, by heating and by cooling.

Question 12.
What do you mean by expansion?
Answer:
Expansion is a phenomenon in which a substance expands or changes its shape.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the characteristics of physical changes.
Answer:

• No new substances are formed.
• Products are identical to reactants in chemical properties.
• These changes are generally reversible.

Question 2.
Give the characteristics of chemical changes.
Answer:

• Properties of product are different from the reactants.
• Most of the chemical changes are irreversible.
• Loss or gain of energy is involved in a chemical change.

Question 3.
Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes with examples.
Physical change
Answer:

Question 4.
Explosion of cracker is an irreversible change. How?
Answer:
Explosion of a cracker is an irreversible change because once crackers are burnt, they cannot be converted back to their original form.

Question 5.
How candles of different shapes are made?
Answer:
Molten wax is poured in desired mould and a wick is placed in it. Then it is cooled. This is how we get candles of different shapes.

Question 6.
State a few examples each for slow changes and fast changes.
Answer:
Examples of slow changes:

• Germination of seed
• Rusting of iron
• Curdling of milk

Examples of fast changes:

• Burning of candle
• Burning of paper
• Inflating a tire

Question 7.
Formation of clouds is usually a physical change. Justify the statement.
Answer:
The formation of clouds is a physical change because there is a phase transformation cycle of natural water from liquid to gas and then, gas to liquid. Hence, the property of water never changes.

Question 8.
How do we convert milk into curd and what type of change is it?
Answer:
The warm milk is taken in a vessel and a small quantity of curd is added into it. The milk is stirred and it is kept aside for few hours without any disturbance. Finally, the milk is converted into curd. However, curd formed cannot be converted into milk again indicating that it is an irreversible change.

Question 9.
What will be the change when sugar is heated?
Answer:
When sugar is continuously heated, a black powdery substance is formed which is called charcoal. Since a new product is formed, it is termed to be a chemical change.

Question 10.
Rolling of roti from dough is a reversible change. Explain.
Answer:
Take some dough and make a ball of it. Roll this ball of dough into a circular shape by using a rolling pin. Now, if we want, we can convert this rolled roti back into the ball of dough. This proves that the rolling of roti out of dough is a reversible change.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why making statues out of plaster of Paris is an irreversible and chemical change?
Answer:
Making statues out of plaster of Paris is an irreversible and chemical change because Plaster of Paris has a property of setting into a hard mass on getting mixed with water due to the formation of a new compound. The hard mass cannot be converted back into the previous plaster of Paris. Hence, it is an irreversible chemical change.

Question 2.
How is inflating a balloon different from bursting an inflated balloon?
Answer:
Inflating a balloon is an example of a reversible change whereas bursting a balloon is an irreversible change. When we blow air into a balloon, its shape and size changes. But it regains its original form when the air is allowed to escape. On the other hand, a burst balloon cannot be changed back to the original form.

Question 3.
What are desirable and undesirable changes? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Desirable changes: Those changes which are desired to occur, that is, we want them to take place are known as desirable changes. Example: ripening of fruits, germination of seeds, etc.

Undesirable changes: Those changes which we do not want to take place are called undesirable changes. Example: rusting of iron, souring of milk, rotting of fruits, etc.

Question 4.
The burning of paper is said to be an irreversible change whereas the boiling of water is known as reversible change. Give reason.
Answer:
The paper converts into ash on burning which we cannot combine to form the original piece of paper again. Therefore, burning of paper is said to be an irreversible change. On the other hand when we boil water by heating, then it changes into steam. On cooling, the steam, it again converts into water by condensation which is a reversible change. Thus, burning of paper is said to be an irreversible change whereas the boiling of water is known as reversible change.

Question 5.
When is a change said to have taken place in a material? Explain with the help of an example.
Answer:
The things around us have certain properties such as state (solid, liquid, gas), position, shape, size, colour, temperature, composition and structure, etc. When one or more properties of a thing become different, the changes in it have taken place. Changes involve different kinds of alterations in the things. When a change takes place, there may be change in the state, position, shape, size, colour, temperature, composition or structure of the material of the object. Example: when ice melts, it forms water. Ice is a solid, whereas water is a liquid. So, the melting of ice involves a change in state (from solid to liquid state).

Picture-Based Questions

Question 1.
Observe the given pictures and answer the following questions:

a. What type of change it is – physical or chemical?
b. Can this change be reversed?
c. Can this change be reversed after roti is cooked on flame?
Answer:
a. Physical change
b. Yes
c. No

Question 2.
Observe the given picture and answer the questions that follow:

a. Name the process by which above change takes place.
b. Name the process by which this change can be reversed.
Answer:
a. Melting
b. Freezing

These NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Separation of Substances Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts to help students while preparing for their exams.

Separation of Substances NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 5

Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Separation of Substances Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why do we need to separate different components of a mixture? Give two examples.
Answer:
Among different components of mixture there are many substances which are harmful or not useful for us. To remove these harmful or useless components we need to separate them. For example:

1. Tea leaves are separated from liquid with a strainer while preparing tea.
2. Grain is separated from stalks, while harvesting.

Question 2.
What is winnowing? Where is it used?
Answer:
The process of separating a mixture of light and heavy particles using wind is called winnowing. For example, separating wheat from chaff. Winnowing is used when one components is lighter than the other. The wind blows away chaff while the grain forms separate pile.

Question 3.
How will you separate husk or dirt particles from a given sample of pulses before cooking?
Answer:
Husk or dirt particles can be separated by winnowing, being lighter they will fly away from pulses. Dirt particles can also be separated by handpicking.

Question 4.
What is sieving? Where is it used?
Answer:
Sieving is a process of separation of particles of different sizes using a sieve. Small and fine sieves are used in the kitchen to separate bran and other impurities from flour. The impurities remain on the sieve and the flour passes through. Bigger sieves are used at construction sites to separate pebbles and stones from sand.

Question 5.
How will you separate sand and water from their mixture?
Answer:
We separate sand and water by sedimentation and decantation method. First we leave this mixture for some time. After sometime, the sand which is heavier is settled down at the bottom. After that we will pour water into another container and the mixture will be separated.

Question 6.
Is it possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour? If yes, how will you do it?
Answer:
It is possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour. The mixture of sugar and wheat flour can be separated by strainer and sugar being bigger in size remains on the strainer. Thus, sugar can be separated from the mixture of sugar and wheat flour.

Question 7.
How would you obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water?
Answer:
We can separate clear water from muddy water by filtration process. A filter paper is one such filter that has very fine pores in it. A filter paper folded in the form of a cone is fixed in a funnel. The mixture is then poured on the filter paper. Solid particles in the mixture do not pass through it and remain on the filter.

Question 8.
Fill in the blanks.
a. The method of separating seeds of paddy from its stalks is called ……………..
b. When milk, cooled after boiling, is poured onto a piece of cloth the cream (malai) is left behind on it. This process of separating cream from milk is an example of ……………..
c. Salt is obtained from seawater by the process of ……………..
d. Impurities settled at the bottom when muddy water was kept overnight in a bucket. The clear water was then poured off from the top. The process of separation used in this example is called ……………..
Answer:
a. threshing
b. filtration
c. evaporation
d. sedimentation and decantation

Question 9.
True or False?
a. A mixture of milk and water can be separated by filtration.
b. A mixture of powdered salt and sugar can be separated by the process of winnowing.
c. Separation of sugar from tea can be done with filtration.
d. Grain and husk can be separated with the process of decantation.
Answer:
a. False
b. False
c. False
d. False

Question 10.
Lemonade is prepared by mixing lemon juice and sugar in water. You wish to add ice to cool it. Should you add ice to the lemonade before or after dissolving sugar? In which case would it be possible to dissolve more sugar?
Answer:
We should add ice after dissolving sugar. When the temperature is high, then more sugar can be dissolved. After mixing ice, it gets cool and less sugar will dissolve in it.

NCERT Extended Learning Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Visit a nearby dairy and report about the processes used to separate cream from milk.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
You have tried a number of methods to separate impurities like mud from water. Sometimes, the water obtained after employing all these processes could still be a little muddy. Let us see if we can remove even this impurity completely. Take this filtered water in a glass. Tie a thread to a small piece of alum. Suspend the piece of alum in the water and swirl. Did the water become clear? What happened to the mud? This process is called loading. Talk to some elders in your family to find out whether they have seen or used this process.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Activity 1

Objective: To prepare a saturated salt solution and study the effect of temperature.
Materials Required: Water, glass, salt, spoon.
Procedure:

• Dissolve salt in water by continuous stirring.
• After some time, more salt will not be able to dissolve in water. This become a saturated solution.
• Now heat the water and try dissolving more salt.

Observations: More salt can be dissolved in a saturated solution on heating.
Conclusion: On increasing temperature, solubility of substances also increase.

Need for Separation: The constituents of mixtures need to be separated for the following reasons:
i. To remove undesirable substances: Before we use a substance, we need to separate the harmful substance that may be mixed with it. For example, we need to separate the impurities from ordinary water to make it potable water.
ii. To obtain desirable substances: Sometimes, we need to separate even useful components if we need to use them separately. For example, we separate petrol, kerosene and diesel from petroleum (crude oil).
iii. To obtain highly pure substances: While producing a medicine, it is essential to remove all harmful impurities from the substance so that it can be used as medicine. But in this case, the impurity has to be removed without any loss or wastage of the substance.

Principle of Separation: The constituents of a mixture do not lose their original properties such as particle size, density, melting point, boiling point, etc. This property is used in separation methods.

Methods of Separation: Different methods are used for separating substances that are mixed together. Let us read about some common methods that are used.
i. Handpicking: This method of handpicking can be used for separating slightly larger-sized impurities such as the pieces of dirt, stone and husk from wheat, rice or pulses. The quantity of such impurities is usually not very large. In such condition, we find that handpicking is a convenient method of separation.

ii. Winnowing: It is a process used to separate heavier and lighter dust particles or components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air. This method is commonly used by fanners to separate lighter husk particles from heavier seeds of grains. The simplest way is to stand on a higher level and allow the mixture to fall on the ground. The wind blows away the light components while the heavier grains fall down to form a heap. The separated chaff is used as fodder for cattle.

iii. Threshing: The process used to separate grains from stalks is called threshing. In the process of threshing, the stalks are beaten to free grain seeds. This process of threshing can be done with the help of bullock. Machines are generally used to thresh large quantities of grain.

iv. Sieving: It is a method of separation of particles of different sizes using a sieve. Small and fine sieves are used in the kitchen to separate bran and other impurities from flour. The impurities remain on the sieve and the flour passes through. Bigger sieves are used at construction sites to separate pebbles and stones from sand.

v. Magnetic Separation: In this method a magnet is used for picking up iron pieces, nails, pins, etc. from grains or any other commodity. On a larger scale, a powerful magnet is employed for separating scrap iron from non-magnetic waste materials.

vi. Sedimentation and Decantation: The process of settling down of the heavy solids at the bottom, in a mixture of a liquid and an insoluble solid is called sedimentation. The solid particles that settle down during sedimentation are called sediments.

Separation of a mixture of sand and water

The liquid above the sediments is known as the supernatant liquid. The process of pouring out the clear upper liquid without disturbing the sediments is called decantation. The solid particles which are insoluble in a liquid can be separated by decantation. For example, a mixture of sand and water contains sand particles suspended in water. So,sand can be separated from sand-water mixture by the method of sedimentation and decantation.

vii. Filtration: Decantation is not enough for complete separation of a solid-liquid mixture. This can be done better by filtration in which the mixture is dropped on a porous material known as filter.

The liquid passes through the filter and comes down as filtrate. The insoluble solid left behind is known as residue. In this way, a mixture of an insoluble solid in a liquid is separated into the solid residue and clear filtrate.

Activity 2

Objective: To purify a sample of muddy water by the process of filtration.
Materials Required: Soil, water, glass, filter paper, funnel, clamp stand and beaker.
Procedure:

• Mix some soil with water in a glass.
• Make a filter paper cone and set it in a funnel.
• Arrange the apparatus as shown below.
• Allow water into the funnel through filter paper get collected in the beaker.

Observations: Soil residue is left behind in the funnel and clear water is obtained as filtrate in the beaker.
Conclusion: Muddy water can be purified by filtration.

viii. Loading: Loading is a method in which a special substance called alum is used to load the suspended particles to make them heavy and increase their sedimentation speed. For example, the particles of clay in muddy water are very fine and their sedimentation takes a very long time.

Alum is used to load suspended clay particles in water. The dissolved particles of alum load the fine particles of clay in water. They become heavier and settle down very fast. The clear water on top is then decanted or filtered.

ix. Centrifugation: All rotating bodies experience centrifugal force. The principle of centrifugal force is applied for separation of solids and liquids. This method is called centrifugation. This method is of great value in case of separating thin pastes from thick pastes, where filtration is not possible.

Cream separating machines are used in dairies. In this machine, milk is rotated at a high speed. Cream being lighter, collects towards the centre. The milk being heavier settles down below the cream layer. The two are then taken out from two separate taps,

x. Evaporation: The process of conversion of water into its vapour is called evaporation. This process takes place continuously wherever water is present. For example, sea water contains many types of salts mixed in it. One of these salts is the common salt. When sea water is allowed to stand in shallow pits, water gets heated by sunlight and slowly turns into water vapour.

After few days, the water evaporates completely leaving behind the dry solid particles. The common salt is then obtained from this mixture of solid particles by further purification.

xi. Condensation: Water is present in air in the form of water vapour. When water vapour touches the cold surfaces of the glass or other objects, it changes into water droplets. This change of water vapour into water is called condensation.

Use of more than one method of separation: The method to be used for separating a mixture into its components depends on the nature of components.

Some of the mixtures can be separated by a single method but various mixtures can be separated into individual components by using a combination of various methods. These methods are applied turn by turn. Suppose you are given a mixture of sand, iron fillings, common salt, solid salt and naphthalene. You can separate its components as follows:
Iron fillings: by magnetic separation
Naphthalene: by sublimation

Salt and sand are dissolved in water. Salt is soluble but sand being insoluble, settles and can be separated by sedimentation, decantation followed by evaporation of salt water.

Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Separation of Substances Additional Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name any two methods used for separation of substances.
Answer:
Threshing and filtration.

Question 2.
Which method is used to separate stones from grains on small scale?
Answer:
Handpicking.

Question 3.
How does the farmer separate grain seeds from bundles of stalk?
Answer:
By threshing, farmer can separate grain seeds from bundles of stalk.

Question 4.
Which method is used to separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind or blowing air?
Answer:
Winnowing.

Question 5.
What is decantation?
Answer:
The process in which water is removed when heavier component of mixture settles is called decantation.

Question 6.
Which method of separating tea leaves from prepared tea is better: filtration or decantation?
Answer:
Filtration.

Question 7.
What is evaporation?
Answer:
The process of conversion of water into its vapour at normal temperature is called evaporation.

Question 8.
How can sand be separated from water?
Answer:
Sand can be separated from water by sedimentation and decantation.

Question 9.
We dissolve salt in water. By what way the same amount of water could be made to dissolve more salt before getting saturated?
Answer:
On heating the water.

Question 10.
Define condensation.
Answer:
The process in which a gas changes into its liquid form is called condensation.

Question 11.
What happens when a saturated solution is heated?
Answer:
It becomes unsaturated.

Question 12.
What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of solids in liquids?
Answer:
The solubility of solids in liquids increases with increase in temperature.

Question 13.
Mention one purpose of separating the constituents of a mixture.
Answer:
To remove the unusual or harmful compound and to obtain the useful component.

Question 14.
Name the process by which water is separated from rice and pulses after washing them.
Answer:
The water is separated from rice and pulses by decantation.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is evaporation? Give one large scale use of the process of evaporation.
Answer:
The process of conversion of water into vapour is called evaporation. This process takes place continuously where water is present.

The process of evaporation is used on a large scale to obtain common salt from sea water. Sea water is trapped in shallow lakes and allowed to stand there. The heat of sun gradually evaporates water in the shallow lakes and common salt is left behind as a solid.

Question 2.
What do you mean by decantation? What is its use?
Answer:
Decantation is a process by which we can remove a liquid without disturbing the solid settled down in the bottom. This method can be used to separate mixture of sand and water

Question 3.
a. State one use of the method of winnowing.
b. Give one use of the handpicking method of separating mixtures in daily life.
Answer:
a. The method of winnowing is used to separate husk from various types of grains like wheat, rice, etc.
b. The method of handpicking is usually used to separate undesirable substances, such as small pieces of stones from wheat, rice and pulses.

Question 4.
The mixture of a powdered white solid A and a liquid B can be separated by filtration. The solid A is left behind on the filter paper but clear liquid B passes through the filter paper and collects in the beaker kept below.
a. Name some solid which could be like A.
b. Name the liquid which B could be.
c. What name is given to the solid left on the filter paper?
d. What name is given to the clear liquid collected in the beaker?
Answer:
a. Chalk powder
b. Water
c. Residue
d. Filtrate

Question 5.
Name the method that should be used to separate the following mixtures:
a. Grain from wheat flour
b. Grain from the stalks
c. Small black pebbles from a plateful of pulses
d. Wheat from chaff
Answer:
a. Sieving
b. Threshing
c. Handpicking
d. Winnowing

Question 6.
How will you prepare cheese (paneer)?
Answer:
For making cheese, a few drops of lemon juice are added to milk as it boils. This gives a mixture of particles of solid cheese and liquid. The cheese is then separated by filtering the mixture through a fine cloth or strainer.

Question 7.
What is mixture?
Answer:
When two or more than two substances are mixed together in any ratio then it is called a mixture.

Question 8.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Answer:
A mixture in which the various components are uniformly mixed or dissolved and each part of the mixture has the same properties is called a homogenous mixture.

Question 9.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
Answer:
A mixture whose components are not uniformly mixed or dissolved and hence each part of the mixture does not have the same properties is called a heterogeneous mixture.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is filtration? Give an example.
Answer:
Decantation is not enough for complete separation of a solid-liquid mixture. This can be done better by filtration, in which the mixture is dropped on a porous material known as filter. The liquid passes through the filter and comes down as filtrate. The insoluble solid left behind is known as residue. When you make tea, you filter it through a strainer having wire gauze. The tea extract comes down as the filtrate and the boiled tea leaves are left behind as the residue.

Question 2.
Why is loading used to separate suspended impurities? Explain.
Answer:
Sometimes water of a river or canal is muddy or turbid due to hanging of very fine particles of clay. They cannot be removed by decantation or filtration. In such a case loading is useful.

Loading: Loading is a method in which a special substance called alum is used to load the suspended particles to make them heavy and increase their sedimentation speed. For example, the particles of clay in muddy water are very fine and their sedimentation takes a very long time.

Alum is used to load suspended clay particles in water. The dissolved particles of alum load the fine particles of clay in water. They become heavier and settle down very fast. The clear water on top is then decanted or filtered.

Question 3.
Water is a universal solvent. Give reason.
Answer:
Water is a universal solvent because it can dissolve a large number of substances in it. Water is essential to our body in the process of digestion. Several waste materials in our body get dissolved in water and are then excreted. A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body. They all occur in the presence of water. Water can dissolve almost all substances, hence is called universal solvent.

Picture-Based Questions

Question 1.
a. Identify the pictures A and B:

b. Which of the above is used on a large scale separation of grains from chaff?
Answer:
a. A-Handpicking; B-Winnowing
b. Winnowing

Question 2.
Observe the picture and answer the questions.

a. Identify the seperation technique?
b. Where is it being used.
Answer:
a. Sieving
b. It is being used by a worker at construction site to separate pebbles and stones from sand.

These NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 4 Sorting Materials into Groups Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts to help students while preparing for their exams.

Sorting Materials into Groups NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 4

Class 6 Science Chapter 4 Sorting Materials into Groups Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Name five objects which can be made from wood.
Answer:
Table, chair, doors, boat and bed.

Question 2.
Select those objects from the following which shine:
Glass bowl, plastic toy, steel spoon, cotton shirt
Answer:
Glass bowl and steel spoon are shining objects.

Question 3.
Match the objects given below with the materials from which they could be made. Remember, an object could be made from more than one material and a given material could be used for making many objects.

Answer:

Question 4.
State whether the statements given below are True or False:
a. Stone is transparent, while glass is opaque.
b. A notebook has lustre while eraser does not.
c. Chalk dissolves in water.
d. A piece of wood floats on water.
e. Sugar does not dissolve in water.
f. Oil mixes with water.
g. Sand settles down in water.
h. Vinegar dissolves in water.
Answer:
a. False
b. False
c. False
d. True
e. False
f. False
g. True
h. True

Question 5.
Given below are the names of some objects and materials:
Water, basketball, orange, sugar, globe, apple and earthen pitcher
Group them as:
a. Round shaped and other shapes
b. Eatables and non-eatables
Answer:
a. (i) Round shaped: Basketball, apple, orange, globe, earthen pitcher
(ii) Other shapes: Water, sugar

b. (i) Eatables: Water, orange, sugar and apple
(ii) Non-eatables: Basketball, globe and earthen pitcher

Question 6.
List all items known to you that float on water. Check and see if they will float on an oil or kerosene.
Answer:

• Dried leaves
• Paper
• Wax
• Ice
• Oil

All these materials float on water and they sink in oil or kerosene.

Question 7.
Find the odd one out from the following:
a. Chair, Bed, Table, Baby, Cupboard
b. Rose, Jasmine, Boat, Marigold, Lotus
c. Aluminium, Iron, Copper, Silver, Sand
d. Sugar, Salt, Sand, Milk, Milk powder
Answer:
a. Baby
b. Boat
c. Sand
d. Milk

NCERT Extended Learning Activities and Projects

Question 1.
You may have played a memory game with your friends. Several objects are placed on a table, you are asked to observe them for a few minutes, go into another room and write down the names of all objects that you can remember. Play this game, with a difference! Ask all the participants in the game to remember objects with some particular property’ while playing this memory game – remember and write down the names of objects that were made of wood or objects that are edible and so on. Have fun!
Hint:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
From a large collection of materials, make groups of objects having different properties like transparency, solubility in water and other properties. In later chapters you will also learn about properties of materials related to electricity and magnetism. After making different groups from the collected materials, try and find out if there are any patterns in these groups. For instance, do all materials which have lustre conduct electricity?
Hint: It is not necessary to find a correlation between all properties. For example, mirror has lustre but does not conduct electricity.

Activity 1

Objective: To study whether the given material is soluble or insoluble in water.
Materials Required: Water, sugar, chalk, washing soda, sand, copper sulphate and sulphur.
Procedure:

• Take 6 beakers and fill each of them to half with water.
• Add a pinch of sugar, chalk powder, washing soda, sand, copper sulphate and sulphur in separate beakers.
• Stir the contents of each beaker well and allow them to stand for a while.
• Observe after few minutes.

Observations: Particles of sugar, washing soda and copper sulphate have disappeared. Chalk powder, sand particles and sulphur are left as such.
Conclusion: Sugar, washing soda and copper sulphate are soluble in water. Sand, chalk powder and sulphur are insoluble in water.

Activity 2

Objective: To study the solubility of different liquids in water.
Materials Required: One spoon each of vinegar, lemon juice, honey, milk, coconut oil, mustard oil, kerosene and seven glass tumblers with water.
Procedure:

• Add a small amount of vinegar to the first glass, lemon-juice to the second and similarly, add small amounts of the other liquids into other glasses containing water.
• Stir contents of each of them with a spoon. Wait for 5 minutes.

Observations: Vinegar, lemon juice, honey and milk have completely dissolved in water. Such liquids are miscible liquids. Liquids like coconut oil, mustard oil and kerosene have not dissolved. Such liquids are immiscible or insoluble liquids.

• Metal: It is a hard, shiny, usually solid material which is able to be shaped and can conduct or allow electricity and heat to pass through it.
• Transparency: Light can pass through certain objects. Due to this, we are able to see through the objects. This property of materials to allow light to pass through them and enable visibility is called transparency. On this basis, objects can be of three types:

i. Transparent: If almost all the light can pass through an object, it is called transparent. We can see clearly through transparent materials such as air, water and a clear glass.
ii. Opaque: If no light can pass through an object, it is called opaque. We cannot see through an opaque material at all, such as cardboard, milk, stone and metal.
iii. Translucent: If light can pass through an object partially, it is called translucent. We cannot clearly see through a translucent material such as a frosted glass, turbid water and dust-laden air. Such materials allow partial visibility.

Activity 3

Objective: To distinguish between transparent, opaque and translucent materials.
Materials Required: Apiece of a clear glass, a cardboard, oily paper and torch.
Procedure:

• Take a torch and point it to each of the three objects-a clear glass, a cardboard and oily paper one by one.
• Write down what happens when light is pointed to each of the objects.

Observation: Light passes through the piece of glass. No light passes through the cardboard. Only a little amount of light passes through the oily paper.
Conclusion: Glass is a transparent material as it allows the light to pass through it. Cardboard is an opaque material as it does not allow the light to pass through it. The oily paper is a translucent material as it allows only some light to pass through it.

• Rough or Smooth: An object having an uneven or irregular surface is said to be rough, such as sandpaper. On the other hand, object having a smooth and levelled or a polished surface is said to be smooth. For example, mirror and metals.
• Floatation: Many materials float, whereas many others sink in water. This property is called floatation. Materials such as wool, leaves and feathers float on the water whereas rocks and metals sink.
• Density: The mass per unit volume of a substance is known as its density. Materials which are less dense than water float on it. Materials denser than water sink in it.

Activity 4

Objective: To classify different materials on the basis of floatation.
Materials Required: Wooden piece, dry leaf, pebble, eraser, iron nail, pencil, table tennis ball and a bucket half-filled with water.
Procedure:

• Take all these materials at a time and drop them in the bucket of water.
• Observe whether each material float on water or sink to the bottom of the bucket.

Observations: Some materials like dry leaf, pencil, wooden piece and table tennis ball float on the surface of water. Materials like eraser, pebble and iron nail sink to the bottom of the bucket.
Conclusion: Some materials float on water while others sink.

Materials can also be grouped on the basis of whether the object is solid, liquid or gas, whether it is conductor of heat or it is a non-conductor of heat. For example, metals are conductors of heat but wood and plastics are non-conductors of heat.

Need to Group Materials: We group materials due to the following uses:

• Sorting of materials into groups makes it convenient for us to view them.
• We can store similar things together and hence can locate them easily.
• Dividing materials into groups makes it convenient to study their properties and the patterns in these properties.

Class 6 Science Chapter 4 Sorting Materials into Groups Additional Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why do we need to group materials? Give reason.
Answer:
We often group materials for our convenience. It helps to describe their properties.

Question 2.
Is a substance which can be compressed soft or hard?
Answer:
Soft.

Question 3.
Choose a lustrous material out of the following substances:
Wood, aluminium, plastic, cotton
Answer:
Aluminium.

Question 4.
Name two objects made from opaque materials.
Answer:
Wooden doors and blackboard.

Question 5.
What is a translucent object?
Answer:
Materials that allow light to pass through them partially are called translucent.

Question 6.
Name three things made from glass.
Answer:
Bowls, mirrors and windowpanes.

Question 7.
Name any three materials that can be used to make school bags.
Answer:
Cotton, jute and leather.

Question 8.
Name two gases which are insoluble in water.
Answer:
Hydrogen and nitrogen.

Question 9.
Name any three objects having rough surface.
Answer:
The bark of tree, rock and sand paper are objects having rough surface.

Question 10.
Define density.
Answer:
Density is mass per unit volume of a substance.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is a tumbler not made with a piece of cloth?
Answer:
We use tumblers made of glass, plastic and metal to keep a liquid. These substances can hold a liquid. A tumbler made of cloth cannot hold a liquid because:

• cloth piece is not hard enough to hold liquids, and
• cloth piece has very minute pores through which the liquid oozes out.

Question 2.
Make a table and state whether the following materials mix with water or not.
Vinegar, lemon juice, mustard oil, coconut oil and kerosene.
Answer:

Question 3.
Name five objects each which can be made from the following materials:
wood, cotton, leather, paper
Answer:

Question 4.
Metals generally occur in solid state and are hard in form. Name a metal that exists in liquid state and a metal that is soft and can be cut with knife.
Answer:
Mercury is a metal that exists in liquid state. Sodium and Potassium are soft metals and can be cut with knife.

Question 5.
Why do we cook food in utensils made of aluminium or other metallic materials?
Answer:
Cooking utensils which are used to cook food are made from aluminium or other metals. The reason is that metals are good conductors of heat. They allow the transmission of heat through them and food cooks quickly. Therefore, utensils are made of metals.

Question 6.
Universal solvent (water) is very essential for the human body. Why?
Answer:
The universal solvent is able to dissolve a number of substances. So it is essential for the human body. It constitutes a major part of the cells located in human body. All materials are transported across the body in dissolved form.

Question 7.
Classify the following into transparent, translucent and opaque materials.
Butter paper, cardboard, ground glass, clear glass, water, air, brick, wall, aluminium sheet
Answer:
Transparent: Clear glass, water, air
Translucent: Butter paper, ground glass
Opaque: Cardboard, brick, wall, aluminium sheet

Question 8.
Classify the following into hard materials and soft materials.
Cotton, iron, diamond, chalk, wood, wax, clay, sponge, bone, feathers
Answer:
Hard materials: Iron, diamond, wood, bone, chalk
Soft materials: Cotton, wax, clay, sponge, feathers

Question 9.
Write three common characteristics of materials.
Answer:

1. All materials can be felt by one or more of our senses.
2. All materials occupy space.
3. All materials possess mass.

Question 10.
Write a short note on texture.
Answer:
Materials may be rough or smooth. The surface of paper or a glass tumbler feels smooth since there are no uneven surfaces. The bark of tree, rock and sandpaper are rough to touch because their surfaces are uneven and bumpy. So, materials can be classified on the basis of their texture.

Question 11.
Write a short note on floatation.
Answer:
Many materials float, whereas many others sink in water. This property is called floatation. Materials such as wood, leaves and feathers float on the water whereas rocks and metals sink. If you weigh equal volumes of cotton and water, the cotton weigh less than water as cotton is less dense than water.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is classification? How is it useful? Explain with examples.
Answer:
The method of grouping objects on the basis of certain similarities and dissimilarities is called classification. We can understand the importance of classification with the help of simple examples.

a. The things in your house are the most common examples. You classify or group them while arranging them. You keep the utensils in the kitchen, the books in the study room and the bed in the bedroom. It helps in locating the things easily.

b. Classification also enables us to make a systematic study of anything. For example, if you observe the way things have been stocked in your kitchen, you will find that various items are classified. Certain items are classified as spices and stocked together.

Other items may be required for a common activity, say, making a tea. Hence, these are stocked together. You also classify your items and arrange your study table in such a way that you do not have to waste time trying to locate a given item.

Question 2.
Define solubility of materials in water. Give examples.
Answer:
Some materials are soluble in water whereas some are insoluble. For example, sugar is soluble in water whereas sand is insoluble. Actually, water causes all molecules in a solid piece of sugar to break apart. The individual molecules, when separated, are so small that we cannot see them. We can say that sugar is soluble in water. Some solids like sugar and common salt are soluble in water.

On the other hand, sand is insoluble in water. It settles down in water and does not dissolve even on stirring. Some solids are insoluble in water, e.g., wood, stone, chalk and wax. Materials in each state can therefore be classified on the basis of their solubility in water.

Question 3.
Define the properties of matter.
Answer:
Some important properties of matter are discussed below:

• Appearance: Materials can be classified on the basis of their appearance. Different materials have different appearance.
• Lustre: Materials can be classified on the basis of their lustre or shine. Some shine a lot whereas others are quite dull.
• Texture: Different materials feel different when touched, so they have different textures. Some can be rough and others can be smooth.
• State: Most materials can be placed into one of the three states: solid, liquid or gas.
• Solubility in water: Some materials are soluble in water whereas some are insoluble. Miscible liquids mix with each other while immiscible liquids do not.
• Transparency: If almost all the light can pass through an object, it is called transparent. If no light can pass through an object, it is called opaque. If light can pass through an object partially, it is called translucent.

Picture-Based Questions

Question 1.
Observe the given picture and answer the questions.

a. Why should we not use a tumbler made of cloth?
b. What inference can we draw from it?
Answer:
a. Tumbler made of cloth cannot hold water.
b. We should choose a material to make an object depending on its properties and the purpose for which the object is to be used.

Question 2.
a. Identify the objects A, B, C and D shown below.

b. Which of these can float on water?
c. Which of these will sink in water?
Answer:
a. A-Leaf, B-Iron, C-Feather, D-Wood.
b. Leaf, feather and wood.
c. Iron.

These NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts to help students while preparing for their exams.

Fibre to Fabric NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 3

Class 6 Science Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Classify the following fibres as natural or synthetic.
nylon, wool, cotton, silk, polyester, jute
Answer:
Natural fibres: wool, cotton, jute, silk
Synthetic fibres: Nylon, polyester

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are ‘true’ or false’.
a. Yam is made from fibres.
b. Spinning is a process of making fibres.
c. Jute is the outer covering of coconut.
d. The process of removing seeds from cotton is called ginning.
e. Weaving of yarn makes a piece of fabric.
f. Silk fibre is obtained from the stem of a plant.
g. Polyester is a natural fibre.
Answer:
a. True
b. False
c. False
d. True
e. True
f. False
g. False

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks.
a. Plant fibres are obtained from …………. and ………….
b. Animal fibres are …………. and ………….
Answer:
a. cotton plants, jute plants
b. wool, silk

Question 4.
From which parts of the plant cotton and jute are obtained?
Answer:
Cotton fibres are obtained from cotton seeds. They are the hair of cotton seeds. Jute fibres are obtained from the stems of jute plants by retting process.

Question 5.
Name two items that are made from coconut fibres.
Answer:
a. Ropes
b. Coir in mattresses

Question 6.
Explain the process of making yarn from fibre.
Answer:
The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning. In this process, fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form a yam.

NCERT Extended Learning Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Visit a nearby handloom or power loom unit and observe the weaving or knitting of fabric.
Hint: Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Find out if any crop is grown in your region for obtaining fibre. If yes, what is it used for?
Hint: Do it yourself.

Question 3.
India has been a major producer of cotton and its fabric. India exports cotton fabrics and items to many other countries. Find out, how it helps us?
Hint: We export and import cotton fabrics so that we may make money and earn foreign currency. It helps in the development of the country and also used as income of a family.

Activity 1

Objective: To make yam from fibres.
Materials Required: Cotton wool.
Procedure:

• Take some cotton wool in one hand.
• Hold some cotton between the thumb and forefinger of the other hand.
• Gently start pulling out the cotton, while continuously twisting the fibres. We are able to make a yarn.

Observations: Twisting of fibres results in the formation of yarn.
Conclusion: Spinning converts fibres into yarn.

• Charkha was popularised by Mahatma Gandhi during independence movement. He promoted the use of a homespun fibre called khadi. To popularise khadi, the Indian Government Constituted Khadi and Village Industries Commission in 1956.
• Fabric: It refers to a woven material, a textile or other material resembling woven cloth. Fabric is made up of yarns. A fabric made by the two main processes known as weaving and knitting.

i. Knitting: The process in which a single yam is used to make a piece of fabric is called knitting. Knitting is done by hand by using knitting needles and also on machines.

Activity 2

Objective: To study the structure of various clothing materials.
Materials Required: One piece of each type of fabric such as cotton, polyester, silk, wool and a magnifying glass.
Procedure:

• Take each piece of cloth on the table.
• Observe each one of them with the help of a magnifying glass.
• Now try to pull out a thread with the help of a needle. This loose thread is called yarn.

Observations: All fabrics do not appear continuous. These appear to consist of very thin threads crossing each other at right angles. Conclusion: The fabric is made up of yarns arranged at right angles to each other.

ii. Weaving: The process of making a fabric by arranging yarns passing in one direction with other yams at right angles to them is called weaving.

Activity 3

Objective: To try weaving using paper.
Materials Required: Two square chart papers of different colours, scale, pen and scissors.
Procedure:

• Fold the square sheet in half.
• Cut evenly-spaced slits starting from the folded edge and continuing up to about half an inch from the opposite edge. It may be helpful to draw vertical lines to use as guide while you cut.
• Cut coloured paper strips. The strips should be longer than the length of your square’s side.
• Take one paper strip and weave it horizontally across the slits, going over and under the slits.
• Push the woven strip to the top and start with another one. The second strip should be woven in an opposite pattern as the first.

Observation: A pattern is obtained after weaving all the strips.
Conclusion: This demonstrates the process of weaving.

History of Clothing: In ancient times, people used to cover their body using bark and big leaves of trees, animal furs or animal fibres. Later, agricultural communities learnt to weave twigs and grass into mats and baskets. They twisted together animal fleece/ hair or vines into long strands. Early Indians wore cotton fabrics of cotton grown near Ganga river. In ancient Egypt, cotton and flax were cultivated near Nile river. Since, stitching was not known at that time, people used to drape fabrics in different ways. With invention of sewing needle, fabrics were now stitched into clothes. Today, stitched clothes have a wide variety or variations.

Clothing is Necessary: Clothing is necessary for protection against wind and weather, against injury, maintenance of body temperature and decoration of the body to look good.

Class 6 Science Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric Additional Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are fabrics?
Answer:
Fabric is a cloth or other material produced by weaving cotton, nylon, wool, silk or other threads together.

Question 2.
What are yarns made of?
Answer:
Yams are made up of thin strands called fibres.

Question 3.
What material is used for making wicks for oil lamps?
Answer:
Cotton wool.

Question 4.
Where does cotton wool come from?
Answer:
Cotton wool comes from cotton bolls.

Question 5.
Define knitting.
Answer:
The process of making fabric by forming a series of connected loops of a single yam is called knitting.

Question 6.
In which region was the cotton crop grown in India in early days?
Answer:
The early Indians grew cotton crops in the regions near river Ganga to obtain cotton fibres.

Question 7.
Name two products obtained by weaving ‘twigs’ and ‘grasses’.
Answer:
Mats and baskets.

Question 8.
Name the two types of plants which were cultivated near the river Nile in ancient Egypt to obtain fibres for making fabrics.
Answer:
Cotton and flax crops were cultivated near the river Nile and their fibres were used for making fabrics.

Question 9.
Name one synthetic fibre.
Answer:
Polyester.

Question 10.
Which fabric is obtained from the stem of flax plant?
Answer:
Linen.

Question 11.
What are the fibres on the outer covering of coconut called?
Answer:
Coir.

Question 12.
Who encouraged people in India to wear clothes made of homespun yarn?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 13.
Name the four types of fabrics which are still used in unstitched form in our country.
Answer:
Saree, dhoti, lungi and turban.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why do we need clothes?
Answer:
We need clothes to protect our body from extreme weather conditions, like heat, cold, rain, etc. They protect us from harmful insects, bacteria, dirt, wind and injury. They protect us from foreign, harmful substances falling on our body. Clothes make us look presentable.

Question 2.
What are natural fibres? Explain with examples.
Answer:
The fibres which are obtained from plants and animals are called natural fibres. Fibres of fabrics like cotton, jute, silk, wool, etc., are natural fibres.

Question 3.
What are man-made fibres? Explain with examples.
Answer:
The fibres which are synthesised in industry from simple chemicals obtained from petroleum are called synthetic fibres. Fibres of polyester, nylon, acrylic etc., are synthetic fibres.

Question 4.
List the various steps involved in the preparation of fabrics.
Answer:
The following steps are involved in the preparation of fabrics:

• Obtaining fibre.
• Preparation of yarn from fibres by spinning.
• When two sets of yam are involved, yarns are woven on looms to make a fabric. When a single yam is used, the fabric is prepared by knitting.

Question 5.
Explain how jute is obtained from the jute plant.
Answer:
Jute is sown during the rainy season. The jute plant is normally harvested at flowering stage. The cut plants are allowed to dry in the sun for a few days. When most of the leaves dry and fall off, plants are now tied into small bundles. The bundles are made to sink in stagnant water of a pond for few days where the gummy skin rots out to separate fibres. This process is called retting. These fibres are converted into yams to make fabrics.

Question 6.
What happened to clothing when people began to settle in agricultural communities?
Answer:
When people began to settle in agricultural communities, then they learnt to weave twigs and grasses into mats and baskets. Vines, animal fleece or hair were twisted together into long strands. These strands were woven into fabrics.

Question 7.
When we burn wool, why do we get the smell of hair burn?
Answer:
Wool is an animal fibre. It is obtained from the fleece of sheep, goat, yak, etc. This is the reason why the smell of burning wool resembles that of burning hair.

Question 8.
How was clothing developed?
Answer:
In ancient times, people used to cover their body using bark and big leaves of trees, animal furs or animal fibres. Later, agricultural communities learnt to weave twigs and grasses into mats and baskets. They twisted together animal fleece/hair or vines into long strands. Early Indians wore cotton fabrics of cotton grown near Ganga river. In ancient Egypt, cotton and flax were cultivated near Nile river.

Since, stitching was not known at that time, people used to drape fabrics in different ways. With invention of sewing needle, fabrics were now stitched into clothes. Today, stitched clothes have a wide variety or variations.

Question 9.
What type of soil and climate are good for growing cotton? Name any two states of our country where cotton is mainly grown.
Answer:
Cotton is usually grown at places having black soil and warm climate. In India, cotton is mainly grown in the states of Maharashtra and parts of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

Question 10.
Differentiate between cotton and jute.
Answer:
Cotton is a white fibrous substance covering the seeds of cotton plant. Cotton plants are grown as a crop to obtain cotton. Cotton plants are usually grown at places having black soil and warm climate. Jute, on the other hand, is obtained from the stem of jute plant, often called Putson. Jute is mainly grown in West Bengal, Bihar and Assam.

Question 11.
Write some uses of jute.
Answer:
Jute fibres are used for making gunny bags, cheap rugs, carpets, curtains, coarse clothes, ropes, potato sacks, etc. Nowadays, fine quality of jute is used in making jute fabric.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the process of formation of yarn from cotton wool.
Answer:
Cotton fibres are obtained from the cotton plant. Fibres are obtained from the fruit, called boll, of the plant. When the boll matures, it splits exposing the raw cotton fibres. The heat of the sun dries the fibres. The dried bolls are harvested (i.e. picked) and cotton fibres are separated from the seeds. The process of separating cotton fibres from seeds is called ginning. It is done by hand or by machine. These fibres are then converted into yam by using spinning machines.

Question 2.
How will you differentiate between cotton, wool, silk and synthetic fabrics?
Answer:
We can differentiate between the cotton, wool, silk and synthetic fabrics by performing the burning test as follows: Take a small piece of the fabric to be tested. Pull out a fibre from it. Hold one end of the fibre with a pair of tongs and bring the other end of the fibre over the flame of a burner.

• If the piece of fabric bums vigorously giving a smell of burning paper, then it is cotton fabric.
• If the piece of fabric burns giving a smell of burning hair, then it is woollen fabric.
• If the piece of fabric bums giving the smell of charred meat, then it is silk fabric.
• If the piece of fabric bums giving the smell of burning plastic, then it is a synthetic fabric.

Question 3.
What is a loom? For what purpose is it used? What is the difference between handloom and power-loom?
Answer:
A device for making fabrics by weaving yarn or threads is called a loom. The weaving of the yarn to make fabrics is done by using looms.

• Handloom: It is a cloth weaving machine which is manually operated. In many parts of our country, handloom cloth is produced in large quantities.
• Power-loom: It is a medium-sized weaving machine run on power. It is used to produce cloth on large scale in cloth producing industry.

Question 4.
Name the plants and their parts used for making clothes.
Answer:
The following plants and their parts are used for making clothes:

• Cotton plants: Cotton fibres are obtained from their seeds. Their seeds have white fluffy fibres attached to them, wherefrom threads are made and then cloth is prepared.
• Jute plants: The stem of jute plant is removed and processed and then yam is prepared from them.
• Coconut: The fruits of coconut bear fibres which are used for preparing yam.
• Mango trees: The seeds of mango have fibres which are also used for preparing clothes.

Question 5.
Describe the process of spinning and weaving.
Answer:
Spinning: The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning. In this process fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. By this, fibres come together to form a yarn. Spinning can be done by hand, by takli and charkha. On a large scale, spinning is done with the help of machines.

Weaving: The process of arranging two sets of yams together to make a fabric is called weaving. The process of weaving can be done on looms. The looms are either hand-operated or power-operated.

Picture-Based Questions

Question 1.
Identify the following picture and name who popularised the use of this device.

Answer:
The diagram shows a charkha. The use of charkha was popularised by Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 2.
a. Observe the following picture and tell what the woman is doing in the picture.

b. Name the device by which this process can be done.
Answer:
a. The woman is weaving fabrics on loom by hand.
b. This process can be done using hand-operated or power-operated looms.

Question 3.
Identify the following picture. Name the process.

Answer:
The process is knitting. It is used to convert a single yarn into fabric.

These NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Components of Food Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts to help students while preparing for their exams.

Components of Food NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 2

Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Components of Food Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Name the major nutrients in our food.
Answer:
The major nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibres and water.

Question 2.
Name the following:
a. The nutrients which mainly give energy to our body.
b. The nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body.
c. A vitamin required for maintaining good eyesight.
d. A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.
Answer:
a. Carbohydrates and fats
b. Proteins
c. Vitamin A
d. Calcium

Question 3.
Name two foods each rich in:
a. Fats
b. Starch
c. Dietary fibre
d. Proteins
Answer:
a. Fats: Butter and ghee
b. Starch: Raw potato and rice
c. Dietary fibre: Spinach and cabbage
d. Proteins: Milk, eggs, fish and meat

Question 4.
Tick (✓) the statements that are correct.
a. By eating rice alone, we can fulfil nutritional requirement of our body.
b. Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet.
c. Balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items.
d. Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body.
Answer:
a. Incorrect
b. Correct
c. Correct
d. Incorrect

Question 5.
a. ………………. is caused by deficiency of Vitamin D.
b. Deficiency of ………………. causes a disease known as beri-beri.
c. Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease known as ……………….
d. Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of ………………. in our food.
Answer:
a. Rickets
b. Vitamin B1
c. Scurvy
d. Vitamin A

NCERT Extended Learning Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Prepare a diet chart to provide balance diet to a twelve year old child. The diet chart should include food items which are not expensive and are commonly available in your area.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
We have learnt that excess intake of fats is harmful for the body. What about other nutrients? Would it be harmful for the body to take too much of proteins or vitamins in the diet? Read about diet related problems to find answers to these questions and have a class discussion on this topic.
Answer:
Excessive intake of any nutrient may prove harmful and can lead to several health related problems.

Question 3.
Test the food usually eaten by cattle or a pet to find out which nutrients are present in animal food. Compare results obtained from the whole class to conclude about balanced diet requirements for different animals.
Answer:
Animals eat a variety of food and fodder. It comprises of various nutrients including proteins, carbohydrates, fibres, vitamins, minerals, etc. They also eat a large amount of cellulose from the leaves and grasses.

Activity 1

Objective: To test the presence of starch in potato.
Materials Required: A potato, knife, iodine solution and dropper.
Procedure:

• Take a piece of freshly cut potato.
• Put 2-3 drops of dilute iodine solution on the freshly cut surface of the potato piece with the help of a dropper.
• If the colour of the cut surface of potato becomes blue-black, then it indicates the presence of starch in it.

Observation: The potato turns iodine solution to blue-black colour.
Conclusion: The appearance of blue-black colour shows that potato contains starch.

ii. Fats: The energy-providing substances in the food are called fats. They are the richest source of energy. Fats produce more energy than carbohydrates, e.g., ghee, oiL, butter, etc. Food containing fats and carbohydrates are called energy giving foods.

Activity 2

Objective: To test the presence of fats in the given food sample.
Materials Required: Foods sample (groundnut) and paper.
Procedure:

• Take some solid food item and wrap it in a piece of paper.
• Crash the food in the paper without tearing it.
• Open and observe the paper carefully.

Observation: An oily patch appears on the paper.
Conclusion: The oily patch on paper indicates the presence of fats.

iii. Proteins: Proteins are called the body building food. They are essential for the growth and repair of the body tissues. Milk, pea. pulses. nuts, eggs and meat are sources of proteins.

Activity 3

Objective: To test the presence of protein in a solid foodstuff.
Materials Required: Crushed foodstuff, copper sulphate solution, sodium hydroxide solution, water, test tube and Bunsen burner.
Procedure:

• Take some crushed foodstuff such as sprouted seeds, in a test tube.
• Put in some water to the test tube and shake it, keeping its mouth covered with your thumb.
• Fleat the test tube for sometime over burner.
• After it has cooled down, add a two drops of copper sulphate solution and ten drops of sodium hydroxide solution to the test tube.

Observation: A violet colour develops in the solution.
Conclusion: The violet colour indicates that the given foodstuff contains proteins.

iv. Vitamins: The substances which are required in very small quantities by our body to keep eyes. bones, teeth and gums healthy are called vitamins. They do not provide energy. They are called protective food.

v. Minerals: The substances which are required by our body in very small quantities and protect our body are called minerals. They do not provide energy. They are also protective food.

• Cellulose is a tasteless white powdery material. It is present in plant cell-wall, wood, cotton, etc. Human beings cannot digest cellulose.
• Roughage: It consists of the tough parts of vegetables and grains that help you to digest your food and help your bowels to work properly. These are also called dietary fibres and are mainly present in plant products such as whole grains, pulses, fresh fruits and vegetables.
• Our body also needs water to absorb nutrients from food and removing waste in the form of urine, sweat, etc. We can get water through liquids such as drinking water, tea, milk and eating cooked food.
• Balanced diet: A diet which contains adequate amounts of all essential nutrients, namely, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and roughage, in the right proportions is called a balanced diet. Examples of foods that contain a lot of nutrients include pulses, soybean, groundnut, sprouted seeds, fermented foods, jaggery, sattu, etc.
• Cooking of Food: Vegetables and fruits should be washed before peeling them to avoid washing away of nutrients. The skins of some fruits and vegetables is also rich in vitamins and minerals and hence should be consumed. Cooking may result in loss of certain nutrients. For example, vitamin C is destroyed on heating. Hence we should prepare and cook food carefully.
• Obesity: It is a condition which arises by eating fat rich food in excess. It may further cause many problems like increase in body weight, heart diseases, hypertension, etc.
• Deficiency Diseases; The diseases which arise due to the lack of nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals or vitamins in our diet are called deficiency diseases, e.g., goitre, anaemia, beri-beri, scurvy, etc.

Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Components of Food Additional Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Do all foods contain all the required nutrients?
Answer:
No, all foods do not contain all the nutrients required by our body.

Question 2.
Name any two substances which provide carbohydrates.
Answer:
Potato, rice, wheat, sugar, etc.

Question 3.
What are the two nutrients which protect the body from diseases?
Answer:
Vitamins and minerals.

Question 4.
What type of food is called the body-building food?
Answer:
The food containing proteins is called body-building food.

Question 5.
Name a vitamin which represents a group of vitamins.
Answer:
Vitamin B-complex.

Question 6.
Define roughage.
Answer:
The food containing plant fibres which are also known as dietary fibres is called roughage.

Question 7.
What is the main function of roughage?
Answer:
The main function of roughage is to help our body get rid of undigested food.

Question 8.
Name the food items which provide roughage.
Answer:
Whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables are the main sources of roughage.

Question 9.
A person decides to take only milk and nothing else in his diet for certain reasons. After a year his gums started bleeding. What could be the cause of gum bleeding?
Answer:
Deficiency of vitamin C is the main cause of gum bleeding which leads to the disease called scurvy. This is because milk does not contain vitamin C.

Question 10.
Which disease is caused due to the deficiency of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D?
Answer:
Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.

Question 11.
What is obesity?
Answer:
Obesity is a disease in which a person becomes over-weight and bulky due to excessive accumulation of fats in the body.

Question 12.
Which vitamin is present in large amounts in citrus fruits?
Answer:
Vitamin C.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the nutrients? Name the major nutrients.
Answer:
The components of food which are needed by our body for growth and development are called nutrients. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals are the major nutrients.

Question 2.
Explain the importance of proteins in the human body.
Answer:
Proteins are one of the most important nutrients. They are called body-building food. They help in the growth and repair of damaged cells and tissues of the body. They also help our body to fight against infections. They make our nails, hair and muscles.

Question 3.
State two conditions which necessitate a high protein diet.
Answer:

1. A growing child needs a high-protein diet to make the body tissues required for rapid growth.
2. A caring mother who breast-feeds her baby needs a protein rich diet for the formation of milk in her body.

Question 4.
What are the causes of the disease ‘Kwashiorkor’? How can it be prevented?
Answer:
The disease Kwashiorkor occurs due to the deficiency of proteins in the diet of children. This happens when the child is weaned too soon from proteins-rich breast milk of the mother and given protein-deficient diet. This disease can be prevented by giving the child a sufficient amount of protein-rich diet consisting of wheat, gram, peanuts, soybean and jaggery.

Question 5.
Define fats. Name some fat containing substances.
Answer:
The energy rich sources of food are called fats. Fats provide energy to the body. All types of nuts, mustard seeds, milk and butter are the major sources of fat.

Question 6.
How can we test for the presence of fat in a food item?
Answer:
Take small quantity of the food item. Mash it on a piece of white paper. Observe carefully and you will find that the piece of white paper shows an oily patch on it which indicates that the food item contains fat.

Question 7.
Define vitamins. Name the various types of vitamins.
Answer:
Vitamins are protective compounds with no energy value. They help in proper body functioning and are required by the body in very small quantities. Various kinds of vitamins are-Vitamin A, Vitamin B-complex, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K.

Question 8.
Explain the functions of water in our body.
Answer:
Water helps our body to absorb nutrients from the food. It also helps in removing the waste materials from the body in the form of urine and sweat.

Question 9.
What are the functions of minerals?
Answer:
Minerals are the protective part of our foods occurring naturally. They are needed by our body in small amounts. They are essential for proper growth of the body and to maintain good health. They do not provide energy. The main sources of minerals are milk, salt, eggs and green leafy vegetables.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain deficiency diseases. Name the diseases caused by the deficiency of vitamins and minerals respectively.
Answer:
The diseases which occur due to the lack of adequate and balanced diet are called deficiency diseases. The deficiency diseases arise due to the lack of nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals or vitamins in the diet of a person.

1. Diseases caused by the deficiency of vitamins are: Night-blindness, beri-beri, scurvy, rickets and anaemia.
2. Diseases caused by the deficiency of minerals are: Anaemia, cretinism, goitre, rickets and osteomalacia.

Question 2.
Describe the sources of various vitamins and their deficiency diseases.
Answer:

• Vitamin A: It is a fat-soluble vitamin. Its good sources are fish oil, milk, milk products and carrots. Its deficiency causes night-blindness.
• Vitamin B: It is water soluble. It is found in wheat, rice, yeast extract, liver and kidney. Lack of vitamin B causes beri-beri.
• Vitamin C: It is water soluble. It is found in citrus fruits and in many fresh vegetables. Lack of vitamin C causes scurvy.
• Vitamin D: It is fat soluble. It is found in fish, eggs, milk and milk products. Its deficiency causes rickets.

Question 3.
List various types of nutrients and write the functions of each.
Answer:
The various types of nutrients are:

• Carbohydrates: They are mainly energy-providing nutrients.
• Fats: They provide energy for the body. They give much more energy than carbohydrates if consumed in same amount.
• Proteins: They are called body-building foods. They help in the formation and repairing of the body parts. Skin, hair, muscles, enzymes, etc., are all made up of proteins.
• Vitamins: They help in protecting our body against diseases. They also protect eyes, bones, teeth and gums.
• Minerals: They are essential for proper growth of body and to maintain good health.

Question 4.
How would the balanced diet of a rickshaw puller differ from that of an office worker?
Answer:
The balanced diet of a rickshaw puller should include more of carbohydrates and fats than that of office workers. A rickshaw puller needs more energy for doing the hard physical work of pulling the rickshaw which can be provided by including more carbohydrate and fats in his diet. An office worker has no such requirement.

Question 5.
Four unlabelled test tubes containing sugar, starch, fat and proteins got mixed up. What tests will you perform to identify the nutrient in each test tube?
Answer:

• The test tube whose contents give a blue-black colour on adding dilute iodine solution will contain starch.
• The test tube whose contents give a red precipitate on heating with Benedict’s solution will contain sugar.
• The test tube whose contents give a greasy spot when rubbed on a white sheet of paper contains fat.
• The test tube whose contents give a violet colour on adding two drops of copper sulphate and ten drops of caustic soda will contain proteins.

Picture-Based Questions

Question 1.
Observe the following figures and answer the following questions:

a. Which nutrients is mainly provided by these items?
b. Name the sources of these food items.
Answer:
a. They provide mainly fats.
b. The source of these food items is animals.

Question 2.
Observe the following diagrams and answer the following questions:

a. Which nutrient is mainly provided by these items?
b. Name the sources of these food items.
Answer:
a. They provide mainly fats.
b. The source of these food items is animals.

Question 3.
a. Identify the food items A and B.

b. Which of the above contains vitamin A?
c. Deficiency of which of the above causes disease called rickets?
Answer:
a. A-Papaya
B-Eggs
b. Papaya
c. Eggs

These NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Food: Where Does it Come From? Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts to help students while preparing for their exams.

Food: Where Does it Come From? NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 1

Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Food: Where Does it Come From? Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Do you find that all living beings need the same kind of food?
Answer:
No, different organisms eat different kinds of food. For example, animals such as buffalo and cow eat grass while human beings eat bread, rice, fruits and vegetables. In this way, we can say that different organisms eat different kinds of food.

Question 2.
Name five plants and their parts that we eat.
Answer:

Question 3.
Match the items given in column A with that in column B.
Answer:

Question 4.
Fill up the blanks with the words given:
herbivore, plant, milk, sugarcane, carnivore

a. Tiger is a ………….. because it eats only meat.
Answer:
Tiger is a carnivore because it eats only meat.

b. Dear eats only plant products and so, is called …………..
Answer:
Dear eats only plant products and so, is called herbivore.

c. Parrot eats only ………….. products.
Answer:
Parrot eats only plant products.

d. The ………….. that we drink, which comes from cows, buffaloes and goats is an animal product.
Answer:
The milk that we drink, which comes from cows, buffaloes and goats is an animal product.

e. We get sugar from …………..
Answer:
We get sugar from sugarcane.

NCERT Extended Learning Activities and Projects

Question 1.
You must have seen a garden lizard around your home. Next time whenever you see it, observe carefully and find out what it takes for food. Is the food different from that of a house lizard?
Hint: Garden lizard feeds on crickets, moths, slaters, earthworms, grubs and caterpillars, grasshoppers, cockroaches, etc. House lizards eat flies, mosquitoes, small insects, etc.

Question 2.
Make a list (with pictures, when possible) of food items generally taken by people of different regions of India. Place these on a large outline map of India to display in your classroom.
Hint: Do it yourself.

Question 3.
Find out the names of plants that grow in water and which are eaten as food.
Hint: Some aquatic plants are used by humans as a food source. This includes wild rice, Chinese water chestnut, Indian lotus, water spinach, etc.

Question 4.
In Chapter 10, you will find out ways of measuring length of curved lines. In your mathematics classes you will learn to prepare bar graphs. After you learn these, try the following interesting project. Prepare some sprouts of moong as discussed in the chapter. Wash them in water everyday and drain all the water. Let them grow for a week until the whole of the seeds grow into young plants. Measure the lengths of the sprouts everyday using a string. Take care that they do not break. Prepare a bar graph of the number of sprouts having lengths in different ranges.
Hint: Do it yourself.

Activity 1

Objective: To list certain food items and mention their ingredients.
Materials Required: Various cooked dishes.
Procedure: Observe the procedure of cooking certain food items and guess the various ingredients.

Observations:

Conclusion: The various food items or dishes which we eat daily are usually made up of more than one ingredient.

Sources of Food Ingredients: The main sources of food ingredients are:
i. Plants: We get ingredients like fruits, vegetables, grains, cereals, etc., from plants.
ii. Animals: We get milk, eggs and meat from animals. Milk products such as butter, ghee, cheese, etc., are widely used in different food items.

Photosynthesis: It is the process by which green plants use sunlight to make food from carbon dioxide and water. Oxygen is released in this process which is used by us for breathing. This food prepared by photosynthesis gets stored in various plant parts. Since plants can make their own food, they are called producers.

Edible: Anything that people can safely eat ‘ is described as edible.

Plant Parts as Food: Various plant parts such as roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, etc., are edible and used by us as food.
i. Root: carrot, radish, sweet potato, etc.
ii. Stem: Potato, ginger, onion, garlic, etc.
iii. Leaves: Spinach, cabbage, lettuce, etc.
iv. Fruit: Apple, orange, mango, banana, etc.
v. Flower: Cauliflower, sunflower, etc.
vi. Seeds: Mustard, soybean, pea, pulses, etc.

Sprouts: When the seeds begin to germinate by developing tiny roots in the form of small white structures, they are called sprouts.

Activity 2

Objective: To make moong sprouted seeds.
Materials Required: A small cup of moong seeds, water and muslin cloth.

Procedure:

• Take a cup of moong seeds and soak them in water overnight.
• Take out the seeds and drain out the water.
• Wrap the seeds in wet muslin cloth and keep it for a day or two.

Observation: A small white structure growing out of the seeds is observed. This is the young plant (specifically the roots of the young plant). When the young plant appears, we say that the seed has sprouted.

Conclusion: Seeds can germinate under moist conditions are form sprouts which are highly nutritious.

• Nectar: The sweet juices produced by some flowers are called nectar.
• Honey: Honey is produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers. They collect nectar, store it and convert it into honey in their beehives.

• Herbivores: Animals that eat only plants are called herbivores. Example: Deer, cow, goat, etc.
• Carnivores: Animals that eat only flesh of other animals are called carnivores. Example: Lion, tiger, etc.
• Omnivores: Animals that eat plants or plant products, as well as flesh of other animals are called omnivores. Example: Crow, humans, dogs, etc.

Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Food: Where Does it Come From? Additional Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two plants where two or more parts are used as food.
Answer:
Mustard – seeds and leaves Pumpkin-fruits and flowers

Question 2.
Name two plants whose leaves are eaten as food.
Answer:
Spinach and lettuce.

Question 3.
Name two sugar producing plants.
Answer:
Sugarcane and sugar beet.

Question 4.
Can the ingredients of various food items have some common ingredients?
Answer:
Yes, they may have some common ingredients like water, sugar, salt, ghee and oil.

Question 5.
Give three examples of edible parts of plants.
Answer:
Root, fruits and leaves.

Question 6.
Which type of seeds gives more energy, sprouted seeds or normal seeds?
Answer:
Sprouted seeds give more energy than normal seeds.

Question 7.
Give an example of a non-green plant.
Answer:
Mushroom.

Question 8.
Name the ingredients in boiled rice.
Answer:
Rice and water.

Question 9.
What are sprouts?
Answer:
When the seeds begin to grow or germinate by developing tiny white roots, they are called sprouts.

Question 10.
What are the two common sources of most of the ingredients of food items?
Answer:
Plants and animals.

Question 11.
Give two examples of plants that give us oilseeds.
Answer:
Mustard plants and sunflowers.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you understand by food?
Answer:
The edible substances eaten by humans and other animals to get energy for various activities for growth and development are called food.

Question 2.
Explain the importance of food for all living beings.
Answer:
Food provides energy to do various activities. It helps us in growth. It helps to repair and replace damaged parts of the body. It protects us from infections and diseases.

Question 3.
Explain the various sources of food items and ingredients with the help of examples.
Answer:
There are mainly two sources of ingredients of various food items.

1. Plants: Plants provide us fruits, vegetables, pulses, grains, cereals, etc.
2. Animals: Animals provides us milk, eggs, meat, etc.

Question 4.
How is cooking of food helpful?
Answer:
Cooking makes food eatable. It makes food items soft and easy to digest. It makes food tastier. It also kills the harmful germs present in raw food.

Question 5.
What do we get from bees? What is the value of honey as food item?
Answer:
Honey is produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers. Extraction of honey from the beehives is carried out by honey extractors. Honey is rich in sugars, minerals and enzymes. It is a highly nutritious food and easily digestible too.

Question 6.
Describe how the milk which we get from cow actually comes from the plants.
Answer:
The animal’s food comes ultimately from the plants. This is because all the animals which give us various food products themselves eat plants or plant products. The milk comes from cows or buffaloes which eat grass or grains as food. Therefore, the milk which get from cows actually comes from the plants.

Question 7.
Define the term herbivores. Give examples.
Answer:
The animals which eat only plants or plant products are called herbivores. Cow, goat and buffalo are examples of herbivores.

Question 8.
Define the term carnivores. Give examples.
Answer:
The animals which eat other animals are called carnivores. Lion and tiger are examples of carnivores. Carnivores generally eat herbivores and other carnivores.

Question 9.
Define the term omnivores. Give examples.
Answer:
The animals which eat both the plants and animals are called omnivores. Cats, dogs and human beings are examples of omnivores.

Question 10.
How do plants make their own food?
Answer:
Plants make their own food, generally in leaves, with the help of sunlight, air and water. This process is called photosynthesis. Leaves are the kitchen of the plant. The chlorophyll in leaves traps the sunlight and uses it to make food. This process is called photosynthesis.

Question 11.
What are the food habits of people of southern region in India?
Answer:
The southern regions are closer to the sea and there is enough rainfall for production of rice. Hence the food items are mainly sea animals, fish and rice. Coconuts are also available in plenty and is used as an energy giving food.

Food items such as idli, sambhar and other preparations of rice, banana chips and coconut are famous in this region. People use coconut oil as medium for cooking.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the characteristics of herbivores?
Answer:
a. Animals such as horse, cow, goat and buffalo are herbivores. They have wide blunt teeth and are able to pull plants off the ground. The grinding teeth are broad and strong for grinding grasses.

b. Animals such as cow, camel and buffalo fill their stomach with food without chewing. After a short time, they bring back the already swallowed food in the mouth for proper grinding which is called cuddling. This helps them in digesting hard plant products.

Question 2.
Make a flow chart for the preparation of chapati.
Answer:
Farmer cultivates the wheat crop → Ripened wheat is cut and transported to market → Flour mill buys wheat and grinds to make flour → Flour is brought from the market → Water and salt are added to flour to make dough → Dough is rolled into raw chapati → Chapati is cooked on the stove.

Question 3.
Make a flow chart depicting the preparation of honey.
Answer:
Nectar in flowers → Nectar is collected by honeybees → Stored in beehives → Converted into honey by honeybees → Honey is extracted from beehives.

Question 4.
What food materials come from animals?
Answer:
Animals give us food such as meat, fish, milk, eggs and honey.

1. Meat: We get meat from animals such as hen and goat.
2. Fish: Fishes may be of freshwater or seawater. The quality of food of both kinds of fish is good for health.
3. Milk: We get milk from animals such as cows. goat and buffalo. Milk is used to make products such as paneer, cheese, butter, curd and ghee.
4. Eggs: We get eggs from birds such as hen, goose and duck.
5. Honey: We get honey from the hives of honeybees. Honeybees prepare honey using nectar from flowers.

Question 5.
What food materials come from different parts of plants? Explain.
Answer:
We eat different parts of plants such as root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seed.

1. Root: Carrot, radish, turnip and beetroot are examples of roots that we eat.
2. Stem: Potato, ginger, sugarcane, onion and garlic are examples of stems that we eat. These are special stems that we eat.
3. Leaf: Lettuce, spinach, cabbage and mint are examples of leaves that we eat.
4. Flowers: Cauliflower, flowers of pumpkin and banana plants are examples of flowers that we eat. Cloves used as spice are dried flower buds.
5. Seeds: Cereals (e.g., rice, wheat and maize) and pulses (e.g., gram, moong and kidneys bean) are examples of seeds that we eat. Some other seeds such as cumin (Jeera) and fenugreek (methi) are used as spices. Cooking oil seeds include mustard, coconut, sunflower and sesame (til).

Picture-Based Questions

Question 1.
Draw and label the different parts of a plant.
Answer:

Question 2.
Connect the animals in the first row with the food they eat in the second row by an arrow.

Answer:

Question 3.
Observe the following figures and name the picture A and picture B. Which of these two has more food value?

Answer:
Picture A shows non-sprouted seeds of gram. Picture B shows sprouted seeds of gram. Sprouted seeds give more energy and vitamins. So, they have more food value.