CBSE Class 6

Vital Villages, Thriving Towns Class 6 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Vital Villages, Thriving Towns Class 6 Questions and Answers History Chapter 9

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 6 SST History Chapter 9 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 9 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 6 History Chapter 9 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks.

(a) ____________ was a word used for large landowners in Tamil.
(b) The gramabhojaka often got his land cultivated by the ____________.
(c) Ploughmen were known as ____________ in Tamil.
(d) Most grihapatis were______________ landowners.

Answer:
(a) Vellalar
(b) slaves
(c) Uzhavar
(d) independent

Question 2.
Describe the functions of the gramabhojaka. Why do you think he was powerful?

Answer:
In the northern part of the country, the village headman was known as the gramabhojaka. The functions of the gramabhojaka can be described as under:

• He used to collect the taxes for kingdom.
• He also functioned like a judge and sometimes as policeman.
• He owned very large land. Many slaves and labourers were used to cultivate it.

The gramabhojaka was a powerful person because:

1. He had very much land and many people worked for him. It means many people were depending for their livelihood on the grambhojaka.
2. His post was hereditary, this made him powerful.
3. He had power to collect the taxes from the merchants, artisans, farmers etc., on behalf of the king which also made him powerful.
4. He also had power to settle the disputes and he acted as a judge.
5. He also played role of policing sometimes which made him more powerful.

Question 3.
List the crafts persons who would have been present in both villages and cities.

Answer:
The craftspersons who would have been present in both villages and cities can be listed as:

1. Weavers
2. Carpenters
3. Basketmakers
4. Perfumers
5. Sculptures
6. Goldsmiths

Question 4.
Choose the correct answer.
(i) Ring wells were used for:
(a) Bathing
(b) Washing clothes
(c) Irrigation
(d) Drainage
Answer:
(d) Drainage

(ii) Punch marked coins were made of:
(a) Silver
(b) Gold
(c) Tin
(d) Ivory
Answer:
(a) Silver

(iii) Mathura was an important:
(a) Village
(b) Port
(c) Religious centre
(d) Forested area
Answer:
(c) Religious centre

(iv) Shrenis were associations of:
(a) Rulers
(b) Craftspersons
(c) Farmers
(d) Herders
Answer:
(b) Craftspersons

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
Which of the iron tools shown on pages 87 would have been important for agriculture? What would the other tools have been used for?
Answer:
The following iron tools have been shown on page no. 87:

• Tongs
• Axe
• Sickle

Axe and sickle are important tools for the agriculture.
Other tools: Ploughshare, digging stick, hammers, spade etc.

Question 6.
Compare the drainage system in your locality with that of the cities mentioned in the lesson. What similarities and differences do you notice?

Answer:
Students discuss with the teacher and find out about the drainage system existing in your city.

Presently, in our cities a well-developed drainage system is found. A network of heavy pipe lines is made and liquid wastage of homes connected to the main pipelines. We can see these pipelines are made of both cement and concrete or of iron. Thus, the present drainage system in big cities is very arranged and strong. But in many villages and cities drainage system has not been developed properly.

Whereas about 2500 years ago drainage system was planned well but it was not strong in view of used materials. The material used was baked clay or bricks, which was not capable to survive long.

Let’s Do

Question 7.
If you have seen craftspersons at work, describe in a short paragraph what they do. (Hint: how do they get the raw materials, what kind of equipment do they use, how do they work, what happens to the finished product).

Answer:
Craftspersons are found in cities as well as in the villages. Weavers, carpenters, basket makers, perfumers, sculpturers, goldsmiths, blacksmiths etc., are the crafts persons who made the items by hand with a specific skill.

They get raw materials from villages as well as from cities.

Equipment used by craftsperson: Different types of craftspersons use different equipments for making the products. Weavers use kargha, carpenters use wood, hand axe, borer, iron-blade, nails etc. Basketmakers use rope, bamboo etc. Perfumers use different type of fragrance made of flowers and grasses through machines. The equipment use by sculpturers are hammer, chheni etc. Goldsmiths and blacksmiths use funeral, heating and beating rods etc.

How crafts persons work: Most of the craftspersons have their own working place or workshop. All the facilities which are required by them are being facilitated on the workshop so that smooth functioning could be done. In the workshop, skilled persons work and family members also provide help.

Finished Products: Crafts persons make products and these are also checked by the head of craftspersons who mostly have more skill in comparison to the others. The finished products are supplied in the market either directly to the consumers or through middlemen.

Question 8.
List the functions performed by men and women who live in your city or village. In what ways are these similar to those performed by people who lived in Mathura? In what ways are they different?

Answer:
Different type of people live in cities and villages and perform different works. In the cities, men and women work in the offices, factories, malls, shops, and other institutes. In the cities, people are skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled. Whereas, in the villages, most of the people are engaged with the work of agriculture, some are landless labourers. Most of the people grow grain in the villages.

There were a religious place as well as a trade place in Mathura. Mathura was a city where craftsmen, blacksmiths, weavers, sculpturers etc., lived. I think it was not very much different from the present cities in view of functions.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Ashoka, The Emperor Who Gave Up War Class 6 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 8 Ashoka, The Emperor Who Gave Up War familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Ashoka, The Emperor Who Gave Up War Class 6 Questions and Answers History Chapter 8

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 6 SST History Chapter 8 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 8 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 6 History Chapter 8 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Make a list of the occupations of the people who lived within the Mauryan Empire.
Answer:
Occupations of the people who lived within the Mauryan Empire can be listed as:

1. Agriculture
2. Animal rearing
3. Hunting animals
4. Craft
5. Trade
6. Jobs with emperor

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences.
(a) Officials collected ______________ from the area under the direct control of the ruler.
(b) Royal princes often went the provinces as _______________.
(c) The Mauryan rulers tried to control ______________ and which were important for transport.
(d) People in forested regions provided the Mauryan officials with __________.

Answer:
(a) taxes
(b) Governors
(c) road and rivers

Question 3.
State whether true or false:
(а) Ujjain was the gateway to the north-west.
(b) Chandragupta’s ideas were written down in the Arthashastra.
(c) Kalinga was the ancient name of Bengal.
(d) Most Ashokan inscriptions are in the Brahmi script.

Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True

Let’s Discuss

Question 4.
What were the problems that Ashoka wanted to solve by introducing dhamma?
Answer:
Ashoka appointed officials known as the dhamma mahamatta, who went from place to place teaching the people about dhamma. The problems that Ashoka wanted to solve by introducing dhamma was:

1. To remove the problems related to religions,
2. animals sacrifices,
3. Slaves and servants ill-treatment,
4. Families and neighbours quarrels etc.

Question 5.
What were the means adopted by Ashoka to spread the message of dhamma?
Answer:
The means adopted by Ashoka to spread the message of dhamma are as under:

1. Appointment of dhamma mahamatta, who went from place to place teaching the people.
2. Messages inscribed on rocks and pillars. The messages were read by the appointed person to those who were illiterate.
3. By messengers, the ideas were sent beyond the Empire such as Syria, Eypt, Greece and Sri Lanka etc.

Question 6.
Why do you think slaves and servants were ill-treated? Do you think the orders of the emperor would have improved their condition? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer:
I think slaves and servants were ill-treated because they were mostly prisoners of wars and they were considered property of their owners. Neither they had any rights and nor their own will had any meaning. Thus, they had compulsion to obey the orders of their owners. The works done by them were most laborious as well as filthy. They were never respected by the society.

Besides, Earlier to the regime of Ashoka, there was ‘Varna System’ in the society under which situation of slaves and servants was also miserable. I think these were some important reasons whereby slaves and servants were ill-treated. Yes, I think the orders of the emperor would have improved condition of slaves and servants as Ashoka was a powerful emperor and hence his willingness to improve the conditions would have surely improved.

Let’s Do

Question 7.
Write a short paragraph explaining to Roshan why the lions are shown on our currency notes. List at least one other object on which you see them.

Answer:
The lions that we see on our currency notes are the symbol of India Government. The lions are called “emblem”. These lions have been taken from the massive stone pillar situated at Samath near to Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. This is the topmost portion of massive stone pillar which is very carefully and beautifully carved on the stone. When India became independent, it adopted this emblem as a national symbol. This can be seen on shoulders of IPS officers and on the stamp papers.

Question 8.
Suppose you had the power to inscribe your orders. What four commands would you like to issue?

Answer:
I would like to inscribe orders:

• Be loyal to your motherland.
• All should respect to elders and women.
• Every one should respect other’s religion.
• Act of social evil in any form will not be forgiven.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 8 Ashoka, The Emperor Who Gave Up War PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

What, Where, How and When? Class 6 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 7 New Questions and Ideas familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

New Questions and Ideas Class 6 Questions and Answers History Chapter 7

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 6 SST History Chapter 7 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 7 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 6 History Chapter 7 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Describe the ways in which the Buddha tried to spread his message to the people.
Answer:
The Buddha tried to spread his message to the people by following ways:

1. He used Prakrit language which was well popular language in the public, so that the people could understand properly what he said.
2. He spent his life travelling on foot, going from place to place and thus he contacted many people and could spread his message to the masses.
3. First he himself followed his rules strictly and thus he became an ideal for the people.

Question 2.
Write whether true or false.
(a) The Buddha encouraged animal sacrifices.
(b) Samath is important because it was the place where the Buddha taught for the first time
(c) The Buddha taught that Karma has no effect on our lives.
(d) The Buddha attained enlightenment at Bodh Gaya.
(e) Upanishadic thinkers believed that the atman and brahman were ultimately one.

Answer:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) False
(d) True
(e) True.

Question 3.
What was the questions that Upanishadic thinkers wanted to answer?
Answer:
The questions that Upanishadic thinkers wanted to answer are:

1. They wanted to know about life after death,
2. Why sacrifice should be performed, whether something is permanent even after death.
3. They wanted to know about atman or the individual soul.
4. They wanted to know whether atman and the brahman are one.

Question 4.
What were the main teaching of the Mahavira?
Answer:
Main teachings of the Mahavira are:

1. Men and women who wished to know the truth must leave their home.
2. They must follow rules of ahimsa very strictly, which means not hurting or killing living beings.
3. Everyone should lead very simple lives and get food by begging.
4. They had to be absolutely honest and never steal.
5. People should observe celibacy.
6. Men had to give up everything, including their clothes etc.

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
Why do you think Anagha’s mother wanted her to know the story of the Buddha?
Answer:
Anagha’s mother wanted her to know the story of the Buddha because Mahatma Buddha was a very wise and inspiring man. He was a kind person and his teachings are still very useful in modern time. Along with other teachings, he also taught the lesson of ahimsha to the world. I think that Anagha’s mother wanted that she learn more and more about the Buddha so that she could understand his thoughts.

Question 6.
Do you think it would have been easy for slaves to join the sangha? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Gautam Buddha allowed the slaves to join the sangha. However, it was necessary to take the permission of their owners and it would have not been so easy that an owner would permit him to join the sangha. That time slaves were considered the property of their owners. They could not do any work without permission of their owners.

Let’s Do

Question 7.
Make a list of at least five ideas and questions mentioned in this lesson. Choose three from the list and discuss why you think they are important even today.

Answer:
In the lesson, we have learnt ideas under three heads, that are:
(i) Ideas of Gautam Buddha

• Life is full of suffering and unhappiness.
• The causes of suffering are our cravings and desires, which often cannot be fulfilled.
• Sometimes, even if we get what we want, we are not satisfied and want even more or other things. The Buddha described this as thirst or tanha.
• He taught that this constant craving could be removed by following moderation in everything.
• He taught people to be kind and to respect the lives of others including animals.
• The results of our actions (called karma), whether good or bad, affect us both in this life and the next.

(ii) Ideas of Mahavira Swami

• Men and women who wish to know the truth must leave their homes.
• They must follow rules of ahimsa very strictly, which means not hurting or killing living beings.
• Followers lead very simple lives, begging for food.
• They had to be absolutely honest and never steal.
• They observed celibacy and men had to give up everything, including their clothes.

(iii) Ideas of Upanishads

• Upanishads refer us about life after death,
• Why sacrifices should be performed, whether something is permanent event after death.
• They described about was the atman or the individual soul and the brahman or the universal soul. They believed that both the atman and the brahman were one.

If we consider carefully on the points highlighted above, we will find that these are very important even today. What is the cause of suffering and unhappiness? No doubt, our cravings and desires which are never fulfilled. Why should people be kind and should respect the lives of others including animals? This is the question which refer us, if we all will be kind and respectful to the other, we can make a good society.

Should we be absolutely honest and never steal? The importance of this question can be understood that in the present time on the appointment of all constitutional positions, oath of honesty is compulsory. No doubt, we cannot get success without integrity.

Question 8.
Find out more about men and women who renounce the world today. Where do they live, what kinds of clothes do they wear, what do they eat? Why do they renounce the world?

Answer:
Today, many people are renouncing the world which include religious persons, politicians, saints, social reformers etc. In this group, the religious persons such as Dalai Lama, Sankracharyas, many Jain Munies are included. Students discuss with teacher and write the complete answer.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 7 New Questions and Ideas PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic Class 6 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 6 Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic Class 6 Questions and Answers History Chapter 6

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 6 SST History Chapter 6 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 6 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 6 History Chapter 6 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
State whether true or false.
(a) Rajas who let the ashwamedha horse pass through their lands were invited to the sacrifice.
(b) The charioteer sprinkled sacred water on the king.
(c) Archaeologists have found palaces in the settlements of the janapadas.
(d) Pots to store grain were made out of Painted Grey Ware.
(e) Many cities in mahajanapadas were fortified.

Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True
(e) True.

Question 2.
Fill in the chart given below with the terms: hunter-gatherers, farmers, traders, craftspersons, herders.

Answer:
Those who paid Taxes:

1. hunter-gatherers – forest produces
2. farmers  –  1/6^th part what they produced.
3. Traders – on goods that were bought and sold through trade,
4. crafts persons –  Tax in the form of labour.
5. Herders  – animals and its produce.

Question 3.
Who were the groups who could not participate in the assemblies of the ganas?
Answer:
The groups of the people who were not allowed to participate in the assemblies, are:

1. Women
2. Dasas
3. Kammakaras Shudras
4. Foreigners

Let’s Discuss

Question 4.
Why did the rajas of mahajanapadas build forts?
Answer:
Forts were built because

• People were afraid of attacks from other kings and needed protection.
• Some kings also wanted to show how rich and powerful they are by building really large, tall and impressive walls around their cities.
• People were also controlled easily by kings by fortification.

Question 5.
In what ways are present-day elections different from the ways in which rulers were chosen in janapadas?
Answer:
Difference between present-day elections and janapadas can be presented as follows:

Let’s Do

Question 6.
Find the state in which you live in the political map on page 136. Were there any janapadas in your state? If yes, name them. If not, name the janapadas that would have been the closest to your state, and mention whether they were to the east, west, north or south.
Answer:
For self-study. Please discuss with your teacher.

Question 7.
Find out whether any of the groups mentioned in answer 2 pay taxes today.
Answer:
Hunter-gatherers, farmers, traders, craftspersons, herders have been mentioned in the list of taxpayers. Today traders are clearly covered under taxpayers. The small farmers are not covered under taxpayer’s present days.

Question 8.
Find out whether the groups mentioned in answer have voting rights at present.
Answer:
Today, all the citizens who completed age of 18 years have right for voting. Thus, all groups are having rights for voting.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 6 Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

What Books and Burials Tell Us Class 6 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 5 What Books and Burials Tell Us familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

What Books and Burials Tell Us Class 6 Questions and Answers History Chapter 5

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 6 SST History Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 5 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 6 History Chapter 5 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Match the columns.

Answer:
1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (e)
5. (a)

Question 2.
Complete the sentences.
(a) Slaves were used for ___________ .
(b) Megaliths are found in ____________ .
(c) Stone circles or boulders on the surface were used to ____________.
(d) Port-holes were used for_____________ .
(e) People at Inamgaon ate_______________ .

Answer:
(a) different works as per the desire of the owner.
(b) the Deccan, south India, in the northeast and Kashmir.
(c) identify the burial sites.
(d) burying the other members in the same site.
(e) wheat, barley, rice, pulses, millets, peas, sesame etc.

Let’s Discuss

Question 3.
In what ways are the books we read today different from the Rigveda?

Answer:
The books which we read today are printed in such a way that various copies of books are available for reading to the general public. Apart from the printed form of books, in modern times, as per requirement a lot of pictures, graphs, maps are included as parts of books. Whereas, Rigveda was not in written form upto the long time, it was printed only 200 years ago. Thus, Rigveda was heard and memorized before its printing.

Question 4.
What kind of evidence from burials do archaeologists use to find out whether there were social differences amongst those who were buried?

Answer:
On the ground of the objects found with the burials, archaeologists decided there were social differences amongst the buried. The dead were buried with distinctive pots, tools and weapons of iron and sometimes, skeletons of horses, horse equipment and ornaments of stone and gold, objects of copper, conch shells etc., have been found. Different items were found in different burials. Some burials have more objects whereas some have only few objects. Thus, archaeologists have concluded that the status of buried can be measured by number of objects found in the burials.

Question 5.
In what ways do you think that the life a raja was different from that of a dasa or dasi?

Answer:
In the civilization, ‘raj a’ was on the highest position in entire society and was like a king. Raj a participated in the rituals, took part in the wars. The position of‘dasa and dasi’ in the society was the lowest. They had no rights, they had to obey the owner. They had no rights to participate in the rituals.

Let’s Do

Question 6.
Find out whether your school library has a collection of books on religion, and list the names of five books from this collection.

Answer:
There is a big library in my school and there are many books on religion. Five books are listed below:

1. Ramayana
2. Mahabharata
3. Bhagwad Geeta
4. Bible
5. Holy Quran

Question 6.
Write down a short poem or song that you have memorized. Did you hear or read the poem or song? How did you learn it by heart?

Answer:
Students can do this themselves. I hope all the students will have memorized the National Anthem- Jana- Gana -Mana- Adhinayak Jai Hay, Bharata Bhagya Vidhata can write.

National Antham is my favourite song. I sing it daily in my school prayer since Class -Nursery. I Sing it daily in the school and also in my home. By repeating it again and again, I have memorized it.

Question 8.
In the Rigveda, people were described in terms of the work they did and the languages they spoke. In the following table, fill in the names of six people you know, choosing three men and three women. For each of them, mention the work they do and the language they speak. Would you like to add anything else to the description?
Answer:

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 5 What Books and Burials Tell Us PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

In the Earliest Cities Class 6 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 4 In the Earliest Cities familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

In the Earliest Cities Class 6 Questions and Answers History Chapter 4

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 6 SST History Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 4 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 6 History Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
How do archaeologists know that cloth was used in the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
Some actual pieces of cloth were found attached to the lid of a silver vase and some copper object at Mohenjodaro. Apart from this, a stone statue of an important man found from Mohenjodaro shows him wearing an embroidered garment. Thus, archaeologists knew that cloth was used in the Harappan Civilization.

Question 2.
Match the columns.

Answer:
1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (a)

Question 3.
Why were metals, writing, the wheel, and the plough important for the Harappans?
Answer:
Metals, writing, the wheel, and the plough were important for the Harappans because their livelihood was almost dependent on these. Importance can be highlighted as follows:

• Metals: The Harappan used copper, gold, silver, tin, bronze and precious stones etc. Some metals were used as a tool whereas some as ornaments.
• Writing: The Harappan Civilization knew the writing. Seals obtained from the cities are evidence of writing. This civilization had ‘Scriber’, who wrote and helped in preparing the seals.
• Wheel: Harappan were aware about use of wheels. They used wheels in the cart and in spinning. The wheels were also used by the potters to make the things.
• Plough: Plough is an instrument which was used for digging and turning the earth.

Let’s Discuss

Question 4.
Make a lit if all the Terracotta toys shown in the lesson, which do you think children would have enjoyed playing with the most?
Answer:
Terracotta toys shown in the lesson are:

• Toy cart
• Animal toys
• A toy plough

All toys will attract the children. No doubt, children of villages would have enjoyed from the toy plough and cart. Whereas, children of cities would like to play with animal toys. It can also depend on personal choices.

Question 5.
Make a list of what the Harappans ate. and put a tick mark against the things you eat today. Answer:
Food items ate by Harappans are as under:

Question 6.
Do you think that the life of farmers and herders who supplied food to the Harappan cities was different from that of the farmers an herders you read about in Chapter-3? Give rea­sons for your answer.

Answer:
Yes, I think life of the Harappan cities was different from that of the earlier farmers and herders. The following reasons can be illustrated:

• The earlier farmers and herders who supplied food to the Harappan Civilization were depending on the hunting, fishing and rearing of animals whereas Harappan Civilization has probably learnt systematic irrigation and rearing of animals.
• Earlier, there was no plough to dig the soil and cart to carry the goods, whereas Harappan Civilization was very much aware of these.
• The Harappan Civilization had water and pastures around settlements whereas the earlier farmers and herders searched suitable places where water and pastures for animals could have been available.

Let’s Do

Question 7.
Describe three important buildings in your city or village. Are they located in a special part of the settlement (i.g. the centre)? What are the activities that take place in these buildings?

Answer:
The answer of this question depends on the city/village where you live. If you live in a village, the important buildings may be as follows:

• Panchayat Bhawan: In this building, the Gram Panchayat holds its meeting.
• Primary or secondary school building: Schooling of the children.
• Primary Health Centre: Primary health care facilities are available.
• BDO office building: Office of Block Development Officer runs from this building. The planning of development of villages are undertaken from this place.
• Temple, Mosque, Church and Gurudwara etc.: People come to the concerned places and participate or hold their prayer.

If you are resident of a city, the important buildings may be as follows:

(i) Community Hall: Public functions and marriage parties are undertaken here. Rooms, halls, lawn, toilets, bathroom etc. facilities are available in the community hall.

(ii) School, Colleges and Universities building: Education is provided to the students.

(iii) Municipal Buildings: Office of Municipalities run from these buildings. Municipalities work as BDO office at the Block level.

(iv) Hospital Buildings: In these buildings, treatment of ill persons are undertaken with the help of doctors who are available here. Hospitals also have machines for diagnosis purpose.

(v) Government offices Buildings such as Vikas Bhawan: These offices work for the whole district and development plans are formulated here.

(vi) Bus Depot and Railway Station: These places are used for travelling purposes.

(vii) Temple, Mosque, Church and Gurudwara: People come to the concerned places and participate or hold their prayer.

(viii) Shopping Malls/buildings etc.: These Eire modern buildings. In the shopping malls, almost all objects are available under a single roof.

Question 8.
Are there any old buildings in you locality? Find out how old are they and who looks after them?

Answer:
In most of the cities and sometimes in the villages, old buildings are found. These buildings are being looked after by the Government of India, Department of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Your teacher can tell you how much old the buildings in your city or village are.

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