CBSE Class 8

The Changing World of Visual Arts Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 10 The Changing World of Visual Arts familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

The Changing World of Visual Arts Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 10

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 10 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 10 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 10 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks.
(а) The art form which observed carefully and tried to capture exactly what the eye saw is called ………….
(b) The style of painting which showed Indian landscape as a quaint, unexplored land is called ………….
(c) Paintings which showed the social lives of Europeans in India are called …………..
(d) Paintings which depicted scenes from British imperial history and their victories are called ………….
Answer:
(c) portrait
(b) Picturesque
(c) Engravings
(d) History paintings

Question 2.
Point out which of the following were brought in with British art:
(a) oil painting
(b) miniatures
(c) life-size portrait painting
(d) use of perspective
(e) mural art
Answer:
(a) oil painting
(b) Life-size portrait painting

Question 3.
Describe in your own words one painting from this chapter which suggests that the British were more powerful than Indians. How does the artist depict this?
Answer:

This picture is depiction of the storming of Seringapatam painted by Rober Kerr Porter. It is showing the defeat of Tipu Sultan by the British troops. It is painting in which the British is shown as powerful winners and Indians as the vanquished. The dramatization of the painting is effective in carrying out the message.

Question 4.
Why did the scroll painters and potters came to Kalighat? Why did they begin to paint new themes?
Answer:
Due to continuous expansion of cities as the centre of commercial development, the scroll painters and potters moved to Kalighat in search of new opportunities. They began to point new themes because values, tastes, social norms and customs were undergoing through fast changes after the 1840’s. The changes were understandable for the scroll painters and potters so they responded immediately with the changes and had started painting on whole new themes of social and political issue of the society.

Question 5.
Why can we think of Raja Ravi Varma’s paintings as national?
Answer:
Raja Ravi Varma’s paintings can be considered as national in many senses. Ravi Varma, who belonged to the family of the Maharajas of Travancore in Kerala, had mostly used the western art of oil painting and realistic life study but then also he painted themes from Indian mythology. He dramatised on canvas scene after scene from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. From 1880’s, Ravi Varma’s mythological paintings became the rage among Indian princes and art collectors, who filled their palaces and galleries with his art. These facts make us think of his paintings as national.

Let’s Discuss

Question 6.
In what way did the British history paintings in India reflect the attitudes of imperial conquerors?
Answer:
The British history paintings in India reflect the attitude of imperial conquerors as the British victories in India served as rich material for history painters. The painters painted favourable image of the British as conquerors. The paintings celebrated within itself British power, victories and their supremacy. One of the Ist of these paintings was produced by Francis Hayman in 1762 that showed how the British defeated Sirajuddaulah in the famous Battle of Plassey. The painting by Hayman does not show the act of aggression and conquest.

Question 7.
Why do you think some artists wanted to develop a national style of art?
Answer:
Some artists reflected the art of Ravi Varma as initiative and westernised and declared that such a style was unsuitable for depicting the nations ancient myths and legends. These artists felt that a genius Indian style of painting had to draw inspiration from non-western art traditions, and try to capture the spiritual essence of the past. So they turned for the medieval Indian traditions of miniature paintings and the ancient art of mural paintings in the Ajanta caves.

Question 8.
Why did some artists produce cheap popular prints? What influence would such prints have had on the minds of people who looked at them?
Answer:
The cheap popular prints were produced for the poor so that they could buy them. The print influenced the minds of those who saw them in mixed manner. Some saw the prints as sentimental, for some spiritualism could not be seen as the central feature of the Indian culture.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 10 The Changing World of Visual Arts PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Women, Caste and Reform Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 9 Women, Caste and Reform familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Women, Caste and Reform Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 9

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 9 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 9 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 9 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
What social ideas did the following people support?
Rammohan Roy, Dayanand Saraswati, Veerasalingam Pantulu, Jyotirao Phule, Pandita Ramabai, Periyar, Mumtaz Ali, Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar
Answer:
(i) Rammohan Roy – Sati Pratha abolition, supporter of western education
(ii) Dayanand Saraswati – Reform in Hindus, Re-marriage of Widows.
(iii) Veerasalingam Pantulu – Widow re-marriage.
(iv) Jyotirao Phule – Caste equality.
(v) Pandita Ramabai – Worked for widow upper caste women, Founded widow home at Poona.
(vi) Periyar – Self respect movement, untouchability.
(vi) Mumtaz Ali – Advocating gender equality, women rights.
(vii) Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar – Re-marriage of widows.

Question 2.
True and False
(a) When the British captured Bengal they framed many new laws to regulate the rules regarding marriage, adoption, inheritance of property, etc.
(b) Social reformers had to discard the ancient texts in order to argue for reform in social practices.
(c) Reforms got full support from all sections of the people of the country.
(d) The children Marriage Restraint Act was passed in 1929.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True

Let’s Discuss

Question 3.
How did the knowledge of ancient texts help the reformers promote new laws?
Answer:
The knowledge of ancient texts helped the reformers for the promotion of new laws as they tried convincing people that ill practices of that time period was not at all sanctioned in any ancient text.

The knowledge about ancient text created confidence in the minds of reformers to protect their points with full confidence. This created the absence of fear against the people of society who were against the reformers ideology of transforming the society.

Question 4.
What were the different reasons people had for not sending girls to school?
Answer:
The different reasons people had for not sending girls were:

• The people feared that the girls would be taken away from the home and would be prevented from doing any domestic works and duties.
• In order to reach school, girls had to travel through several public places. In the process it was believed that it would create corrupt influence on them, as it was believed by the people that the girl should stay away from public spaces.

Question 5.
Why were Christian missionaries attacked by many people in the country? Would some people have support them too? If so, for what reasons?
Answer:
It was believed that the Christian missionaries that were introduced in India aimed at conversion of the religions of the people from Hinduisms to Christianity. That was why it was basically opposed by many people.

The people who supported it saw a whole new scope and leniency in the new religion, they found this was helping the people and children of ‘lower castes’ and tribal groups to get equipped with some resources in the process to make way into a changing world.

Question 6.
In the British period, what new opportunities opened up for people who came from castes that were regarded as “low”?
Answer:
The new opportunities that opened for the people from castes regarded as “low” can be seen in the form of setting up of schools by the Christian missionaries helping the children to increase their horizon and make their way into a changing world.

• New demands of labour was created with expansion of cities.
• Drains, roads, buildings started to be constructed.
• The work of cleaning cities was to be done.
• The demand of labour involved as coolies, diggers, carriers, bricks layers, etc., were fulfilled from the migration of low caste people to the cities.
• Work in plantations in Assam, Mauritius etc., and other locations was seen tough but the people of low caste saw this as an opportunity to get away from the oppressive hold of upper castes over their lives and the daily humiliation they suffered.

Question 7.
How did Jyotirao the reformers justify their criticism of caste inequality in society?
Answer:
On growing up Jyotirao Phule developed his own ideas about the injustices of caste society. He attacked the Brahmans as the Brahmans claimed themselves to be superior because they were Aryans. Phule argued that the Aryans were foreigners who defeated and subjugated the true children of the country. The Aryans, according to him, defeated the weakers as low caste people.

According to Phule upper castes had no right to their land and power. In reality, the land belonged to indigenous people, the so called low castes. Phule claimed that before Aryans, there existed golden age when warrior peasants tilled land and ruled the Maratha country side in just and fair ways. Phule’s proposal was that Shudras should write to challenge caste discrimination.

Question 8.
Why did Phule dedicate his book Gulamgiri to the American movement to free slaves? ‘
Answer:
Phule dedicated his book Gulamgiri to all those American who had fought to free slaves. It was dedicated with the purpose of establishing link between the conditions of the lower castes in India and Black slaves in America.

Question 9.
What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?
Answer:
Ambedkar, through the temple entry movement, wanted to achieve his aim to make everyone see the power of caste prejudices within the society.

Question 10.
Why were Jyotirao Phule and Ramaswamy Naicker critical of the national movement? Did the criticism help the national struggle in any way?
Answer:
They both were critical of the national movement as the movement which involved high caste people has never cared about the dignity of the low caste people several incidents projected a clear picture of indiscrimination and social division.
There criticism help the national struggle in many ways:

• It united the low caste people again to the injustice.
• It also argued against inequalities in the society.
• It influenced the mind of several upper class people who were educated. They saw the status of low class people miserable, this helped in the new form of unity.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 9 Women, Caste and Reform PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 8 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 8

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 8 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 8 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 8 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall
Question 1.
Match the following.

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (e) 5. (c)

Question 2.
True and False

(а) James Mill was a severe critic of the Orientalists.
(б) The 1854 Despatch on education was in favour of English being introduced as a medium of higher education in India.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi thought that promotion of literacy was the most important aim of education.
(d) Rabindranath Tagore felt that children ought to be subjected to strict discipline.
Answer:
(a) True
(B) True
(c) False
(d) False

Let Discuss

Question 3.
Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?
Answer:
William Jones felt the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law because he felt that the study of these Indian texts would help in revealing the ideas and laws of different religions and communities in India. According to him, the new study of these texts would help them in manner of future development in India.

Question 4.
Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?
Answer:
In the view of James Mill and Thomas Macaulay India was an uncivilised country during that time that needed to be civilised any how. So for the purpose of civilising country and its men European education was essential. They both felt that Indians need to get rationalised and should be able to read different literatures of the world and they also wanted to make India and Indians aware about several developments that took place in the fields of western science and philosophy. Therefore, it was believed that European education would help Indians to get developed with thinking, tastes, values and culture.

Question 5.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?
Answer:
In the eyes of Mahatma Gandhi practical knowledge was superior than that of bookish language. So he wanted to teach children handicrafts in manner to make them able to know how different things were operated. And this practical learning would definitely help in developing the minds of the children and their capacity to understand and learn.

Question 6.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved Indians?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi believed that English education had enslaved Indians, because this education system according to him had created a sense of inferiority in the minds of the Indians. Indians started seeing western, civilisation as superior and it had also created a destruction of pride for the own culture of the Indians. English education casted an evil spell on the Indians, it had crippled Indians and made them strangers in their own land. This is what Gandhiji believed about the impact of English education by enslaving Indians.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 8 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 7 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 7

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 7 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 7 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 7 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall
Question 1.
What kinds of cloth had a large market in Europe?
Answer:
The clothes that had a large market in Europe were chintz, cossaes or Khassa and bandanna.

Question 2.
What is jamdani?
Answer:
Jamdani a fine muslin cloth which is woven with decorative motifs on the looms in grey and white.

Question 3.
What is bandanna?
Answer:
Printed clothes are bandana. The word refers to brightly coloured and printed scarf for the neck or head. The term is derived from Hindi word bandhna.

Question 4.
Who are the Agaria?
Answer:
The people who were known as Agarias were the group of men and women carrying basket loads of iron ore.

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks.
(a) The word chintz from the word
(b) Tipu’s sword was made of steel.
(c) India’s textile exports declined in the century.
Answer:
(a) Chhint
(b) wootz
(c) 19th

Let’s Discuss

Question 6.
How do the names of different textiles tell us about their histories?
Answer:
Different textiles have different names and their names tells us their histories:

(i) Muslin: Finely woven clothes.
History: Europeans encountered first time cotton cloth from India which was carried by Arab merchants in Mosul in present day Iraq. So, this cloth was referred to as Muslin.

(ii) Calico: Derived from Calicut.
History: When Portuguese first came to India in search of spices they landed in Calicut of Kerala coast in South-west India. The cotton textiles which they took back to Europe, along with spices, came to be called as Calico. Subsequently, Calico became the general name for all cotton textiles.

(iii) Then the other categories of textiles came like printed cotton clothes called chintz, cossaes (or Khassa) and bandanna.
The printed Indian cotton textiles in England and Europe were liked mainly for their exquisite floral designs, fine texture and relatively cheaper rate. Rich people of England even the Queen herself wore clothes of Indian fabric.

Question 7.
Why did the wool and silk producers in England protest against the import of Indian textiles in the early eighteenth century?
Answer:
By the 18th century, the popularity of Indian textiles in England worried the wool and silk makers in England. And they began protesting against the import of Indian cotton textiles as they were unable to compete with the Indian textiles because the industry of England had just begun to develop. So there was a threat amongst English producers and they wanted to secure market within the country by preventing the entry of Indian textiles.

Question 8.
How did the development of cotton industries in Britain affect textile producers in India? Answer:With the development of the cotton industries in Britain:
Answer:

• The India textiles started experiencing a great competition in European market and American markets.
• Exporting textiles to England also became increasingly difficult since very high duties were imposed on Indian textiles imported to Britain.

Question 9.
Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?
Answer:
The reasons behind the Indian iron smelting industry decline in 19th century were as follows:

• The new forest laws imposed by the queen restricted entry to the reserved forests, so it was really difficult to get Charcoal without wood.
• Many craftsmen gave up their crafts and looked for other means of livelihood.
• In 19th century iron and steel were being imported from Britain.

Question 10.
What problems did the Indian textile industry face in the early years of its development?
Answer:
In the early years of development of Indian textiles industry, the industry found it difficult to compete with the cheap textiles imported from Britain. Indian textiles was imposed with very high duties on imports eliminating the competition for the other country with Indian textiles. These were the challenges that the Indian textiles industry faced in the early years.

Question 11.
What helped TISCO expand steel production during the First World War?
Answer:
When TISCO was set up the situation was changing in favour as in 1914 with the break out of First World War. The steel produced in British now had to meet demands of war in Europe. This led to decline of British steel into India and that created a scenario in which Indian Railways turned to TISCO for the supply of Rails.

As the war dragged on for several years, TISCO had to produce shells and carriage wheels for the war. By 1919 the colonial government was buying 90% of the steel manufactured by TISCO. Over time TISCO became the biggest steel industry within the British.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 7 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Colonialism and the City Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 6 Colonialism and the City familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Colonialism and the City Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 6

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 6 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 6 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 6 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall
Question 1.
State whether true or false.
(a) In the Western world, modern cities grew with industrialisation.
(b) Surat and Machlipatnam developed in the nineteenth century.
(c) In the twentieth century, the majority of Indians lived in cities. ‘
(d) After 1857 no worship was allowed in the Jama Masjid for five years.
(e) More money was spent on cleaning Old Delhi than New Delhi.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks.
(а) The first structure to successfully use the dome was called the ………………
(b) The two architects who designed New Delhi and Shahjahanabad were ………………
(c) The British saw overcrowded spaces as ……………….
(d) In 1888 an extension scheme called the was devised……………….
Answer:
(a) Central dome.
(b) Edward Lutyens, Herbert Baker
(c) Unhygenic
(d) Lahore Gate Improvement Scheme

Question 3.
Identify three differences in the city design of New Delhi and Shahjahanabad.
Answer:
The three differences in city design of New Delhi and Shahjahanabad were:
(i) Shahjahanabad was crowded and was constructed as a walled city with gates adjoining a fort- palace complex, with the River Jamuna flowing nearby it. On the other hand Delhi was unwalled, constructed on Raisina Hill, situated on the south of Shahjahanabad or Old Delhi.

(ii) Shahjahanabad had mazes of narrrow and winding lanes and bylanes and quiet cul-de-sacs but New Delhi has broad and straight streets.

(iii) Shahjahanabad was consisted of crowded and congested mohallas but Delhi had sprawling mansions set in the middle of large compounds.

Question 4.
Who lived in the “white” areas in cities such as Madras?
Answer:
In colonial cities such as Madras, Bombay and Calcutta, the living spaces of Indians and the British were sharply separated. Indians lived in the “black” areas, while the British lived in well-laid out “White” areas.

Let Discuss

Question 5.
What is meant by De-urbanisation?
Answer:
De-urbanisation is the process in which a city declines and more and more people begin to live in villages or rural areas.

Question 6.
Why did the British choose to hold a grand Durbar in Delhi although it was not the capital?
Answer:
During the Revolt of 1857, the British understood the symbolic importance of Delhi for the Indians. Hence, they chosen to hold a grand Durbar in Delhi although it was not the capital.

Question 7.
How did the old city of Delhi change under British rule?
Answer:
The old city of Delhi was as a walled city with 14 gates, adjoining a fort-palace complex with the river Jamuna flowing near it. The city was characterised by mosques, havelis, crowded mohallas, narrow and winding lanes and by-lanes and water channels. The British gained control of Delhi in 1803. Before the Revolt of 1857, the British adjusted themselves to the Mughal culture of the old city by living in the walled city, enjoying Urdu/Persian culture and poetry and participating in local festivals. The Delhi College was established in 1792, which led to a great intellectual flowering in the sciences as well as the humanities.

However, after the revolt, they embarked on a mission to rid the city of its Mughal past. They razed several palaces, closed down gardens and built barracks for troops in their place. For security reasons, the area around the Red Fort was completely cleared of gardens, pavilions and mosques. Mosques in particular were either destroyed or put to other uses.

No worship was allowed in the Jama Masjid for five years. One third of the city was demolished, and its canals were filled up. In the 1870’s the western walls of Shahjahanabad were broken to establish the railway and to allow the city to expand beyond the walls.

The sprawling Civil Lines area came up in the north of the city. This was the place where the British began living. The Delhi College was turned into a school, and shut down in 1877. The British constructed a new city known as New Delhi, South of the old city. Built as a complete contrast to the old city, New Delhi became the centre of power. The old city, meanwhile was pushed into neglect.

Question 8.
How did the Partition affect life in Delhi?
Answer:
In 1947, due to the Partition, there was massive transfer of population on both sides of the new border. As a result, the population of Delhi swelled (nearly 500,000 people were added to Delhi’s population). Delhi became a city of refugees with people living in camps, schools, military barracks and gardens. The riots accompanying the partition led to the killing of thousands of people, and the looting and burning of their houses. Over two-third of the Delhi Muslims migrated and almost 44,000 homes were abandoned.

Their places were taken over by Sikh and Hindu refugees from Pakistan. These refugees were mostly rural landlords, lawyers, teachers, traders and shopkeepers. After partition, their lives changed as they took up new jobs as hawkers, vendors, carpenters and iron smiths. The influx of Sikh and Hindu refu¬gee population and the outflow of the Muslim population changed the social environment of Delhi. An urban culture largely based on Urdu was overshadowed by new tastes and sensibilities, in food, dress and the arts.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 6 Colonialism and the City PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

When People Rebel Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 5 When People Rebel familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

When People Rebel Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 5

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 5 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 5 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British?
Answer:
The Rani of Jhansi demanded the Company to recognise her adopted son as the heir of the kingdom after the death of her husband and the British were so confident of their superiority and military powers that they refused Rani Lakshmibai’s plea.

Question 2.
What did the British do to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity?
Answer:
After the Company allowed the Christian missionaries to propagate freely in India after 1830, the new law was passed in 1850 for making conversions in Christianity easier, and allowed Indians or we can say converted Christian Indians to inherit the property of their ancestors.

Question 3.
What objections did the sepoys have to the new cartridges that they were asked to use?
Answer:
Objections that sepoys had were started with some of sepoys of regiment at Meerut refused to take part in drill using the new cartridges suspected of being greased or coated with the fat of cows and pigs as using that would have hurt their religious sentiments.

Question 4.
How did the last Mughal emperor live the last years of his life?
Answer:
Life of the last Mughal emperor turned miserable after Delhi was recaptured by the British from the rebels in September 1857. Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor was tried in court and sentenced to life imprisonment. Along with his wife Begum Zinat Mahal, he was sent to Rangoon in October 1858. Bahadur Shah died in jail in November 1862.

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
What could be the reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May 1857?
Answer:
The reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before may 1857 were:

• Nawabs and Rajas started losing their powers, authority and honour.
• Residents were stationed in courts, freedom of rulers was reduced and armed forces of rulers were disbanded.
• Revenues and territories of rulers were taken away by the British.
• All these steps done with policies implemented by the British made them confident about their position in India before May 1857.

Question 6.
What impact did Bahadur Shah Zafar’s support to the rebellion have on the people and the ruling families?
Answer:
With Bahadur Shah Zafar’s support to the rebellion, the revolt took a whole new face. As Mughal dynasty ruled over large part of the country, therefore, the small rulers and chieftains who controlled different territories on the behalf of the Mughal ruler felt and developed sense that they could regain their rule under the authority of Mughal. With the blessing of Bahadur Shah people and ruling family felt inspired and enthusiased and hands of Bahadur Shah behind them gave them courage, hope and confidence to act.

• People who become rebels started railing around local leaders, chiefs, Nawabs to prepare them to establish their rule back.
• Many jumped into rebellion from the categories of rulers as for example Nana Saheb, Biijis Qadr, Rani Lakshmibai, Tantia Tope, Rani Avanti Bai etc.

Question 7.
How did the British succeed in securing the submission of the rebel landowners of Awadh?
Answer:
The British suceeded in securing the submission of rebel land owners of Awadh by providing the inheritence right over their lands and they were taken into confidence by British when they were assured that they would definitely get their traditional rights over their lands back. Even the British assured the landowners that freed lands would never be annexed again.

Question 8.
In what ways did the British change their policies as a result of the rebellion of 1857?
Answer:
After the British regained control, after 1857 Revolt, they changed their policies in the following ways.
(i) Transfer of powers from the East India Company to crown of the British. This was done to ensure a more responsible management of Indian affairs.

(ii) Governor General of India was given the title of Viceroy of India that would be the personal representative of the crown.

(iii) The British government accepted the direct responsibility for ruling India.

(iv) Ruling chiefs of country were assumed that their territory would never be annexed in future for any reason.

(v) Rulers were acknowledged about the sovereign paramountcy of the British.

(vi) Proportion of Indian soldiers was to be reduced. So it was decided that rather than recruiting soldiers from Awadh, Bihar, Central India and South India, the soldiers would be recruited from among the Gurkhas, Sikhs and Pathans.

(vii) It was decided by the British to respect the customary religious and social practices of the people of India.

(viii) Policies were made to protect landlords and zamindars and to give them security of right over their lands.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 5 When People Rebel PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.