NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 16 Citizenship

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for 11 Political Science Chapter 16 Citizenship Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.

Citizenship NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 16

Citizenship Questions and Answers Class 11 Political Science Chapter 16

Question 1.
Citizenship as full and equal membership of a political community involves both rights and obligations. Which rights could citizens expect to enjoy in most democratic state today? What kind of obligation will they have to their state and fellow citizens?
Answer:
There was a time when privileges rights and key responsibilities were limited to the limited sections of the society who could be considered worthy of it on the basis of caste, hereditary and socio-economic status. Rarest members of the society were considered incapable of rights as well as the obligations. The society was totally compartmentalised. Now the total environment is changed and no society is so hierarchic due to increasing mobility and means of communication.

In this situation the understanding of the idea of citizenship has gone under change. Now the citizenship has been accepted in its broader sense in its meaning, areas and its scope. It provides large number of people, irrespective of their caste, colour and socio, economic status, the full’and 6c(6a1f membership bf the political community with corresponding rights and obligations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 16 Citizenship

In modem liberal democratic systems the citizens are given number of rights and duties as per the formulation of T.H. Marshall who has given three kinds of rights

  • i.e. Civil Rights
  • Political Rights
  • Social Rights.

Civil Rights are related with individual’s life and liberty. Political Rights enable people to participate in the political process and process of governance. Social Rights are related with individual’s access to education and employment.

State and all the political communities expect certain duties and obligations from the citizens which are related with law and order, morality, descency, national integration, national service, maintenance of culture and historical monuments and strengthening communal harmony.

Question 2.
All citizens may be granted equal rights but all may not be able to equally exercise them. Explain.
Answer:
Most of the societies have been organised in hierarchic order built on the people’sstatus deteimined on their capabilities and capacities, which may be different as per their socio, economic environment and availability of basic needs and facilities.

In the changed and expanded meaning of the concept of citizenship and in the democratic framework of polity, more and more people are involved in the affairs of the state as citizens. As citizens they are entitled to number of rights, duties and related obligations. In the wake of universal citizenship, people’s participation and involvement is improved manifold.

To ensure equal rights and opportunities for all the citizens may be granted but it will not be a simple matter. Different groups of people may have different needs problems, capabilities and capacities because of their socio-economic environment. The rights for citizens of different group may conflict with the rights of another group. Equal rights also does not mean uniform policies for different groups. To make people more and more equal, the different needs and claims of people, would have to be taken into account.

Another important fact is that aiU the citizens may be granted equal rights but it is not necessary all the citizens will exercise them and enjoy ‘ them equally. Indian Constitution has provided number of fundamental rights to its citizens but only microscopic section of the society has necessary capacities and capabilities to avail them.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 16 Citizenship

Question 3.
Write a short note on any two struggles for full enjoyment of citizen rights which have taken place in India in recent years. Which rights were being claimed in each case?
Answer:
We can identify the following struggles which were undertaken for full enjoyment of citizens rights jn recent years, whose purpose was to change public opinion about their needs.
1. Women’s movement
2. Dalit’s movement

1. Women’s movement : Although India got independence on 15th August, 1947 yet majority of women remained dependent and victim of injustice and discrimination. They were considered inferior to man and incapable to do anything worthwhile. The plight of rural woman was more grim.

But with the spread of literacy and democratic process, more and more women got aware of their capacities and capabilities, which led to the woman’s movement. These women movement attracted the attention of public as well as government which helped in influencing the policies of the government in their favour.

Now, as a result of women’s movement women have entered in all the fields of National life. There is a movement for women empowerment and protection their rights. In India National Women Commission has been set for the promotion of women interests and to ensure their security.

2. Dalit’s movement : Dalits have been another exploited class of Indian society not only before independence but also after independence. They also have been victim of injustice and exploitation for a very long time. In the wake of several social reformer movements and political awakening in the democratic framework of the government Dalit movements also started at different level which helped in changing the scenario

Government took the causes of Dalits at top priority. Reservation is made for them in government jobs as well as in education and politics. Like women, Dalits seats have also been reserved at grass root level also besides in Assemblies and Parliament. As a result of these Dalit movement, they l have now come into the national mainstream and have integrated into the society. They are occupying a respectable positions in society, politics and administration.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 16 Citizenship

Question 4.
What are some of the problems faced by refugees? In > what ways could the concept of global citizenship benefit them? ‘
Answer:
Refugees are the persons who become stateless and try to ;-: settle in other states or are in search of their settlement. These refugees become stateless either due to war, or natural calamities like famine, floods etc. Generally people become refugees in neighbouring countries. . The refugees face number of social, economic and humanitarian problems.

If no state is willing to accept them, they cannot return home ‘ because they have already become homeless. They are homeless and stateless in complete uncertainty. They are forced to live in camps as illegal migrants. Often they cannot legally work and educate their children.

Their children also face uncertain future. They do not own any property. Their problem is so grave that UN has appointed a High – Commissioner for Refugees to try and help them. In 1947 during division of India thousands of people had become Refugees.

All the people (refugees) cannot be absorbed by any state. In fact . this problem is confronting not only to the Refugees but also to the whole world community.The idea of Global citizenship can certainly solve this problem at least to some extent, if not totally. N ew means of communication such as the internet, TV and cell phones have made the idea of global ‘ citizenship more acceptable and feasible.

Supporters of the global citizenship argue that although a world community and global society does not yet exist, people feel linked to each other across national boundaries. People of the international community come together in any kind of natural calamity in any part of the world. This feeling of togetherness strengthen the idea of global citizenship which will go a ‘ long way in solving the problem of refugees.

Question 5.
Migration of people to different regions within the country is often resisted by the local inhabitants. What are some of the contributions that the migrants could make to the local economy?
Answer:
The process of migration and resulting number of refugees with their related problems have evoked sharp reactions which we see in locals. They consider them as their competitors. A division soon develops between insiders and outsiders. Outsiders are seen as threat to their life.

Similar trends are visible in cities regions and even different nations. Palestinian people have not yet settled. Similar is the dispute in Sri Lanka. Local people make every effort to check the entry of outsiders. We see slogans in India like Mumbai for Mumbaiwalas, Haryana is for Haryanvis. North-South feelings are also developed. The theory of son of soil is also developed in this context.

This situation of confrontation between the insides and outsiders, locals and refugees have given rize to the need of full and equal membership for every one. Number of coqflicts are reported from North East states, Mumbai and Punjab. Biharis have migrated to different parts of the country in search of job, where they have created riot between the Beharis and the locals.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 16 Citizenship

The migration of people from one part of the state to another part is search of jobs and business has both negative as well as positive aspects. They have generated rift between insiders and outsiders or they may have posed threat to jobs and civic facilities like education, health, water and electricity but they have positive aspect also. Such migrated people are generally hard workers and make useful contribution in the economy of the state where they work as outside workers.

Labourers, workers and specialist workers are working in different states and are making useful contributions and names. Unskilled workers from UP, Bihar and Bengal are earning their livelihood in Haryana, Western UP and Punjab which they are unable to earn in their homes. Some people even travel outside the country.

Markets for skilled workers have developed in different part of the country. I T. professionals (Computer Engineers) are doing good jobs in Bangalore and nurses from Kerela are serving in all the states of the country. They are doing useful and valuable service of mankind without considering to which state they belong.In the booming building industries people and road development, skilled and unskilled workers are doing jobs for them and the country. In our country right of movement is granted by the constitution which is proving very useful.

Question 6.
“Democratic citizenship is a project rather than an accomplished fact even in countries like India which grant equal citizenship.” Discuss some of the issues regarding citizenshi being raised in India today.
Answer:
Ideal definition of citizenship implies full and equal membership of a political community. This defination becomes more and more desirable in a democratic political community. It is a matter of satisfaction that lot of awareness regarding democratic citizenship i e. full and equal membership is generated in most of the countries of the world, yet lot of ground is yet to be covered to achieve the objective of full and equal citizenship in practice.

Therefore it is rightly said that the idea of democratic citizenship is still a project rather than an accomplished fact even in a democratic political community like India which has travelled more than 59 years of democratic electoral politics based on adult Franchise and people’s participation.

The Constitution adopted an essentially democratic and inclusive ‘ citizenship. In India, citizenship can be acquired by birth, descent, registration and naturalisation. The rights and obligations of citizens are listed out in the Constitution. It is also provided that state should not discriminate against citizens or any of them. Such inclusive rights have also not produced the desired results.

The Women movements, the Dalit movements increasing gulf between the rich and poor represent the prevailing situation of compartments of social groups. New issues are constantly being raised as societies change and new demands are made by groups who feel marginalised and alienated from the main stream of the society. In a democratic state these demands have to be attended for the integrated society.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 16 Citizenship

 

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