Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 US Hegemony in World Politics Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.
US Hegemony in World Politics NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3
US Hegemony in World Politics Questions and Answers Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3
Question 1.
Which among the following statements about hegemony is incorrect ?
(а) The word implies the leadership or predomi-nance of one state.
(b) It was used to denote the predominance of Athens in the ancient Greece.
(c) The country having hegemonic position will possess unchallenged military power.
(d) Hegemonic position is fixed. Once a hegemon, always a hegemon.
Answer:
(d) Hegemonic position is fixed. Once a hegemon, always a hegemon.
Question 2.
Which among the following statements is wrong about the Contemporary World Order ?
Or
Which of the following statements are incorrect about the contemporary world order? (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2018)
(a) There is an absence of world government, which could regulate the state’s behaviour.
(b) The U.S. is the predominant player in world affairs.
(c) States are using force against one another.
(d) States which violate international law, are se-verely punished by the U.N.
Answer:
(d) States which violate international law, are severely punished by the U.N.
Question 3.
Which among the following statements is wrong with regard to ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’ ?
(a) More than forty countries joined in the U.S. led coalition of the willing to invade Iraq.
(b) The reason given for invading Iraq was to pre¬vent it from developing weapons of mass destruction.
(c) The action was taken within the prior approval of the U.N.
(d) The US-led coalition did not face major resistance from Iraqi forces.
Answer:
(c) The action was taken within the prior approval of the U.N.
Question 4.
Give an example each of the three kinds of hegemony that are dealt within the chapter. Do not cite examples that are in the chapter. (Imp.)
Answer:
After the end of Cold War there was no serious rival to United States. United States became a hegemony state and only super power in the world politics. Anita was doing very well in her studies at a high school in the outskirts of Baghdad. Her aim was to become a doctor, but she lost a leg in 2003 when a missile slammed into an air raid shelter in which she was hiding. Now her treatment is going on and she is trying to walk with the help of walker.
Vikrant is a young artist and he lives in Durban, South Africa. He is interested in going to Art School and later wants to open his own Studio. But his father is interested in sending him to U.S.A. for doing MBA so that he can look after family business in a better way.
Rocky is a young man who is living in Perth, Australia. His parents are immigrants from Soviet Union. Rocky generally wears blue jean while going to Church which is not like by her mother. She wants him to look respectable in Church. Rocky tells his mother that jeans are ‘Cool’ and gave sense of freedom. His father reminds his wife how they used to wear jeans when they were living in Leningrad. Infact, these three individuals are affected in different ways by United States hegemony.
Question 5.
Mention three ways in which US dominance since the Cold War is different from its position as a super power during Cold War.
Answer:
U.S.A. is dominating in many fields. Main fields of dominance are as follow :
- U.S.A. is dominating in military field. U.S.A. is supplying arms to the majority countries of the world.
- U.S.A is dominating in the field of science, technology and space research.
- U.S.A. is dominating in economy and finance. Majority countries of the world depend on U.S.A. for financial aid.
- U.S.A. has been enjoying dominance in the field of global public goods.
Question 6.
Match the following :
1. Operation Infinite – (a) War against Al-Qaeda
2. Operation Enduring Freedom – (b) Coalition of the willing.
3. Operation Desert – (c) Missile attack in Sudan.
4. Operation Iraqi – (d) First Gulf War.
Answer:
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b).
Question 7.
What are the constraints on American hegemony today ? Which one of these do you expect to get more importance in the future ?
Or
Explain any three constraints on the American Power. (C.B.S.E. 2012)
Or
Analyse the biggest three contraints that operate on American hegemony. (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
At the beginning of the 21st Century, the United States was a superpower. But History tells us that empires decline because they decay from within. Similarly, the biggest constraint to American hegemony is from within. Broadly, there are three constraints on American power.
- The first constraint is the institutional architec-ture of the American state itself. American system is based on division of powers between the three organs of government i.e. legislature, executive and judiciary. These organs put many restrictions on military powers.
- The second constraint on American power is open nature of American society.
- The third constraint on American power is the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).
Out of these three constraints, third constraint on American power is the most important in the future. NATO is the only one organisation in the world which can put some check on the American power. NATO will be successful in moderating the U.S. Hegemony.
Question 8.
Read the three extracts in the Chapter for the Lok Sabha debate on the Indo-U.S. deal. Develop anyone of these into a full speech de-fending a certain position on Indo-U.S. relations.
Answer:
India’s relations with America were not friendly in the beginning. During Cold War India ad-opted a policy of non-alignment, but due to many factors India had very close relations with Soviet Union. However, the position changed after the end of Cold War. After the disintegration of Soviet Union the relations between India and U.S.A. also changed. India and U.S.A. became close to each other. In January 2004 both the countries agreed to increase cooperation on three issues Civilian Nuclear Programme, Civilian Space Programme and High Technology.
During the debate in Lok Sabha on the Indo-US agreement on nuclear energy the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh says that in recent years India’s impressive economic growth rate has made the country an attractive economic partner for a number of countries including the U.S.
It is important that we do not lose sight of the fact that two new factors have emerged in Indo-U.S. rela-tions in recent years. These factors relate to the technological dimension and the role of the Indian-American diaspora. In fact these two factors are interrelated.
The following facts prove the imortance of close relations between India and U.S. :
- The U.S.A. absorbs about 65 percent of India’s total exports in the software section.
- 35 percent of the technical staff of Boeing is estimated to be of Indian origin.
- 3,00,000 Indians work in Silicon Valley.
- 15 percent of all high-tech starts up are by Indian Americans.
Question 9.
“If big and resourceful states cannot resist the U.S. hegemony, it is unrealistic to expect much smaller and weaker non-state actors to offer any resistance.” Examine the proposition and give your opinion.
Answer:
In the world politics, U.S.A. has the position of hegemon. After the disintegration of Soviet Union no other country is in a position to challenge America’s authority and military power. Big and resourceful states like China, Russia, India and European Union are not in a position to challenge U.S. hegemony and these countries are not unduly antagonizing the U.S.A.
It is unrealistic to expect much smaller states to offer any resistance to U.S. But it is possible that the resistance may come from a combination of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), social movements and public opinion. Resistance can also start by intellectuals, writers, artists and mass media.
Due to globalisation whole world has become a ‘Global village’. Thus we are all neighbours of the village headman. If the behaviour of the headman becomes intolerable then we have no other alternative except to resist against the headman because there is only one village or world where we have to live. In other words, resistance against U.S. hegemony will be only option available.