Long Answer Type Questions<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 1. \nWho are the users of financial ratio analysis? Explain the significance of ratio analysis to them? \nAnswer: \nThe following are the main users of financial ratio analysis. \n1. Investors and Owners \n2. Management \n3. Short Term Creditors \n4. Long Term Creditors \nTire significance of ratio analysis for the various groups may be discussed as under: \n1. Investors and Owners : Investors and Owners are primarily interested in the Profitability and safety of their investments. Hence they calculate profitability ratios such as earning per share, dividend per share, return on investment, return on equity, dividend yielded etc. On the basis of these ratios, investors.decide whether to buy or retain the shares of the company.<\/p>\n
2. Management: Management makes the use of ratio analysis as a means of self-evaluation. Management assesses its managerial skill and performance on the basis of profitability ratios and turnover ratios. Management uses different ratios for forecasting to events. Management can assess its performance by making inter-firm comparison and intra-firm comparison.<\/p>\n
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3. Short Term Creditors : Short term creditors like suppliers of goods and lenders supplying short term loans, uses liquidity ratio such as current ratio and acid test ratio to assess the liquidity position of the company. Liquidity ratios give them an idea of company’s ability to repay their claims at the time of maturity of the claims.<\/p>\n
4. Long Term Creditors : Long term creditors are the creditors who provide funds to the company for a period over one year. Long term creditors are interested in the solvency of the company and the company’s ability of pay its interest obligations. Solvency ratios such as debt equity ratio, proprietary ratio and interest coverage ratio are calculated by long term creditors.<\/p>\n
Question 2. \nWhat are liquidity ratios? Discuss the importance of current and liquid ratio. \nAnswer: \nLiquidity Ratios : It measures the short term solvency i.e. the firm’s ability to pay its current dues. The term liquidity means the conversion of the assets into cash without much loss. The objective is to find out the ability of the business enterprise to meet short term liabilities. The ratios included in this category are : \n(i) Current Ratio \n(ii) Liquid Ratio<\/p>\n
(i) Current Ratio: Current ratio is the proportion of current assets to current liabilities. \n\\(\\text { Current Ratio }=\\frac{\\text { Current Assets }}{\\text { Current Liabilities }}\\) \nCurrent assets which means the assets which are held for their conversion into cash with in a year. The following are the examples of current assets:<\/p>\n
Cash Balances – Accurred Income \nBank Balances – Marketable Securities \nDebtors – Bills Receivable \nStock – Prepaid Expenses etc. \nShort term loans<\/p>\n
Current Liabilities which mean the liabilities which are expected to be matured within a year. The following are the example of current liabilities:<\/p>\n
Creditors – Provision for Tax \nBank Overdraft – Unclaimed dividend \nBills Payable – Income received in advance etc. \nShort Term Loans<\/p>\n
Importance : An ideal ratio is 2 :1. A higher ratio indicates poor investment policies of the management and poor inventory control while a low ratio indicates lack of liquidity and shortage of working capital. The current ratio, thus, throws a good light on the short term financial position and policy of a firm.<\/p>\n
(ii) Liquid Ratio or Quick Ratio: It is the ratio of quick (or liquid) assets to current liabilities. \n\\(\\text { Quick Ratio }=\\frac{\\text { Quick Assets }}{\\text { Current Liabilities }}\\) \nQuick Assets (or liquid Assets) = Current Assets – Stock – Prepaid expenses.<\/p>\n
The objectives of computing this ratio is to measures the ability of the firm to meet its short term obligation as and when due without relying upon the realization of stock.<\/p>\n
Importance : A quick (or liquid) ratio of 1 : 1 is supposed to be good for the reason that it indicates availability of funds to meet the liabilities 100%. If this ratio is more than 1 : 1 it can be said that the financial position of the business enterprise is sound and good.<\/p>\n
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On the other hand. If the ratio is less than 1 :1 i.e. liquid assets are less than current liabilities the financial position of the concern shall be deemed to be unsound and additional cash will have to be provided for the payment of current liabilities.<\/p>\n
Question 3. \nHow would you study the solvency position of a firm? \nAnswer: \nSolvency position of a firm may be studied with the help of solvency ratios. These solvency or leverage ratios are important to creditors, since they reflect the capacity of firm’s revenue to support interest and other fixed charges, and whether there are sufficient assets to pay-off the debt in the event of liquidation.<\/p>\n
Shareholders, are concerned with leverage, since interest payments increases with greater debt. If borrowing and interest are excessive, the company can even experience bankruptcy.<\/p>\n
(i) Total Debt to Total Assets Ratio\u2014The ratio of total debt to total assets, generally, called the debt ratio, measures the percentage total funds provided by creditors. Debts includes current liabilities and all creditors, moderate debt ratio, since the lower the ratio, the greater the cushion against creditors losses in the event of liquidation. In contrast to the creditors preference of low debt ratios the owners may seek high leverage either. \n(i) to magnify earnings or \n(ii) because raising new equity means giving up some degree of control. If the debt ratio is too high, there is a degree of encouraging irresponsibility on the part of the owners.<\/p>\n
The stake of the owners can become so small that speculative activity, if it is successful, will yield a substantial return to the owners. If the venture is unsuccessful, however, only a concrete loss is incurred by the Owners because there investment is small. \n <\/p>\n
(ii) Capitalisation Ratio : Another widely used measure of financial or solvency position is the capitalisation ratio, which is derived by dividing long-term debt by the total of long-term debt plus owner’s equity. Since the sum of debt and owner’s equity represents the permanent capital of the firm, this ratio indicates the portion of the permanent capital that is financed with debt. \n <\/p>\n
(iii) Earning Coverage Ratio\u2014This in many ways a superior measure of financial risk to the leverage ratio as it attempts to measure the company’s ability to avoid future financial difficulties which can arise because of its use of debt finance. The larger this ratio, the greater the reduction of the company’s earnings which can occur before the company will default on its interest payments. \n <\/p>\n
EBIT = Earnings before Interest & Taxes.<\/p>\n
(iv) Ratio of Owner’s-Equity to Total Assets\u2014The ratio of owner’s equity to total assets shows the percentage of the total investment. This ratio often called the “Proprietary ratio” or Shareholder Equity Ratio. \n <\/p>\n
The larger amount of owner’s equity indicates an improvement in the long term financial position, since there is relatively greater margin of safely for outside creditors and less long-term pressure from the point of view of the owners. The most conservative, although not always the most profitable, basis of financing when broad or other long term obligations are used in place of capital stock is to provide for the gradual retirement of the debt.<\/p>\n
From the point of view of creditors, the larger the percentage of assets that is supplied by shareholders, the more satisfactory the fianancial structure of the business. Since owner’s equity is a “Cushion” that first absorbs losses.<\/p>\n
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However, an upward trend in this ratio is usually considered by creditors to be favourable, and the larger the percentage of funds, supplied by outside creditors, the less ‘conservative’ the financial structure is likely to be especially in periods of poor business, because of the fixed interest and necessity of paying or refunding maturing debts.<\/p>\n
Question 4. \nWhat are important profitability ratios? How are they worked cut? \nAnswer: \nEfficiency of a business is measured in terms of profits. Thus profitability ratio are computed to measure the efficiency of a business. Profit earning capacity may be expressed in the form of sales. Some important profitability ratios are : \n(i) Gross Profit Ratio \n(ii) Operating Ratio \n(iii) Operating Profit Ratio \n(iv) Net Profit Ratio \n(v) Overall Profitability Ratio \n(vi) Return of Shareholder fund \n(vii) Return on Capital Employed etc.<\/p>\n
(i) Gross Profit Ratio: The main objective of computing tl us ratio is to be determine the efficiency with which production and\/or purchase operations are carried on. It establishes relationship of gross profit on sales of a firm, which is calculated \n <\/p>\n
Gross Profit = Net Sales – Cost of Goods Sold \nCost of Goods Sold = Opening Stock + Purchases + Direct Expenses – Closing Stock \nNet Sales = Total Sales – Sales Return<\/p>\n
(ii) Operating Ratio : This ratio establishes the relationship between the cost of goods sold plus other operating expenses to net sales. The lower the percentage of operating ratio, the higher the net profit ratio. \n \n \nOperating Expenses = Office and Financial Expenses + Administrative Expenses + Selling and Distribution Expenses + Discount + Bad Debts + Interest on Short Term Loans Cost of Goods Sold = Sales – Gross Profit<\/p>\n
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(iii) Operating Profit Ratio : It is calculated to reveal operating margin. It may be computed directly or as a residual of operating ratio. \nOperating Profit Ratio = 100 – Operating Ratio Alternatively, \n <\/p>\n
(iv) Net Profit Ratio : Net profit ratio is based on all inclusive concept of profit JH: relates sales to net profit after operational as well as non-operational expenses and income \n\\(\\text { Net Profit Ratio }=\\frac{\\text { Net Profit }}{\\text { Sales }} \\times 100\\) \nNet Profit is taken after income tax.<\/p>\n
(v) Overall Profitability Ratio : The Overall Profitability Ratio establishes the relationship of profit to the amount of funds employed. \n\\(\\text { Overall Profitability Ratio }=\\frac{\\text { Profit }}{\\text { Investment of Funds }} \\times 100\\)<\/p>\n
(vi) Return of Shareholder’s fund: This ratio reflects the return on shareholder’s fund that the business enterprise was able to earn. Return on Shareholder’s Fund = \n <\/p>\n
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(vii) Return on Equity Shareholders’ fund : It is computed to draw an idea about the return available to equity shareholders. \n <\/p>\n
Profit after appropriation less Preference dividend<\/p>\n
(viii) Return on Capital Employed or Investment (ROCE or ROI): This ratio, also known as return on investment, is a basic ratio of profitability. It is calculated by establishing a relationship between the profit earned and the capital employed to earn the profit. It is therefore an indicator of the earning capacity of the capital invested in the business. \n \nReturn on Capital Employed \nCapital Employed = Fixed Assets + Working Capital = Long Term Funds + Share Capital + Reserves and Surplus – Ficitious Assets (Miscellaneous Expenditure) \n <\/p>\n
Question 5. \nFinancial ratio analysis are conducted by four groups of analysis : Managers, equity investors, long term creditors and short term creditors. What is the primary emphasis of each of these groups in evaluating ratios? \nAnswer: \nFinancial ratio analysis are conduced by four groups of analysis : Managers, equity investors, long term creditors and short term creditors. The primary emphasis of each these groups in evaluating ratios are following<\/p>\n
(i) Managers : Manager’s makes the use of ratio analysis as a means of self evaluations. Managers assesses their managerial skill and performance on the basis of profitability ratios and turnover ratio. They uses different ratios for forecasting of events. They can assess their performance by making inter-firm comparison and intra-firm comparison.<\/p>\n
(ii) Equity Investors : They are primarily interested in the profitability and safety of their investments. Hence they calculate profitability ratios such as earning per share, dividend per share, return on investment, return on equity, divided yield etc. On the basis of these ratios, investors decide whether to buy or retain the share of the company.<\/p>\n
(iii) Long Term Creditors: Long term creditors are the creditors who provide funds to the company for a period over one year. Long term creditors are interested in the solvency of the company and the company’s ability to pay its interest obligations. Solvency ratios such as debt equity ratio, proprietary ratio and interest coverage ratio are calculated by long term creditors.<\/p>\n
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(iv) Short Term Creditors: Short Term creditors like suppliers of goods and lenders supplying short term loans, uses liquidity ratios such as current ratio and acid test ratio to assess the liquidity position of the company. Liquidity ratios give them an idea of company’s ability to repay their claims at the time of maturity of the claims.<\/p>\n
Question 6. \nThe current ratio provides a better measure of overall liquidity only when a firm’s inventory cannot easily be converted into cash. If inventory is liquid, the quick (liquid) ratio is a preferred measure of overall liquidity. Explain. \nAnswer: \n(i) Current Ratio : This ratio establishes the relationship between current assets and current liabilities. With its help, the ability of the business to pay-off its short-term liabilities is determined. It helps to find out how many times current assets are there in business as compared to current liabilities. This ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. Current ratio of 2 :1 is considered ideal i.e. The current assets should be twice the current liabilities. \n\\(\\text { Current Ratio }=\\frac{\\text { Current Assets }}{\\text { Current Liabilities }}\\) \nCurrent assets are those assets which are converted into cash within one year or an operating cycle. They include cash in hand, bank balance, stock, debtors, prepaid expenses, bills receivable, short-term investments etc. Current Liabilities are those liabilities which have to be paid during one year.<\/p>\n
These include, creditors, bills payable, outstanding expenses, dividend payable, short-term loans, bank overdrafts etc. This ratio is also called Working Capital Ratio. Because working capital is the difference between current assets and current liabilities.<\/p>\n
This ratio gives us the information as to whether the business has adequate current assets to pay-off its current liabilities. Current assets should be more than current liabilities so that despite fall in their prices, current liabilities could be paid easily. If current ratio is 2 :1, it means that the current liabilities would be paid even if there is 50% fall in the prices of current assets.<\/p>\n
The greater this ratio, better will be the short term solvency of the firm and more safe will be the interests of the short term creditors.<\/p>\n
This ratio should neither be too high nor too low. High ratio is an indicator of weak investment policy of the firm and low ratio increases the risk in payment of short term debts. High ratio also means that funds of the firm are lying surplus and unutilised.<\/p>\n
Although, the current ratio should be 2 :1 but it is not a fixed or certain rule because it depends on the nature of business, its working conditions and availableHinancial resources.<\/p>\n
For public utility companies, a current ratio of less than 2 : 1 may also be satisfactory because in such business, the amount of current assets is normally low. Contrarily, for a wholesaler who purchases goods on cash or on credit of small period and sells on credit to the retailers, the current ratio should be high.<\/p>\n
Current Ratio’s main limitation is that is a quantitative measure, not a qualitative one. To ascertain this ratio, all current assets are given equal importance. In other words, the liquidity of individual current asset is given no attention. But there is difference in the liquidity of various current assets.<\/p>\n
Cash is the most liquid asset. On the other hand, stock is the least liquid of all current assets. Debtors, B\/Rs etc. are more liquid as compared to stock but less liquid than cash. The current ratio of two firms can be similar. But if the current assets of a firm consist of stock as a major proportion, it will be less liquid as compared to other firm.<\/p>\n
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This ratio can be easily altered for window dressing. Window dressing means manipulation in current assets and current liabilities to show favourable position as compared to the actual one.<\/p>\n
This manipulation is done by higher valuation the stock, lesser provision for bad and doubtful debts, lesser amount of provisions and transferring a current liability to a long term liability. All this will raise the Current Ratio. Therefore, the current ratio can’t be an absolute measure of short term solvency of the firm.<\/p>\n
(ii) Liquidity Ratio or Acid Test Ratio or Quick Ratio\u2014With the help of this ratio, the capacity of the firm to pay off its current liabilities immediately is measured. This ratio is calculated by dividing liquid assets by current liabilities. \nLiquid assets are those assets which can immediately or in a short period be converted into cash without much loss Liquid assets do not include stock and prepaid expenses because stock is less liquid and its price fluctuates. Prepaid expenses can’t be realised<\/p>\n
A liquid ratio of 1 :1 is considered as standard ratio. The higher this ratio, more will be the short term solvency of the business. This ratio is calculated to remove the shortcomings of the current ratio. Tins ratio is considered better than current ratio. Sometimes, the current ratio is high because of large proportion of stock but due to low liquidity ratio, the short term financial position of business is weak.<\/p>\n
If liquid assets are less than current liabilities, the management should manage cash. According to some authors to calculate this ratio, liquid liabilities should be used in place of current liabilities. Liquid liabilities are those liabilities which are to be paid in near future. Bank overdraft and cash credit are not included in them because they are not immediately payable. \n\\(\\text { Liquidity Ratio }=\\frac{\\text { Liquid Assets }}{\\text { Liquid Liabilities }}\\)<\/p>\n
Although liquid ratio is considered better than current ratio, but to analysis short term financial position of the business both ratios should be used simultaneously.<\/p>\n
Numerical Questions<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 1. \nFollowing is the Balance Sheet of Rohit and Co. as on March 31, 2006. \n \nCalcuate Current Ratio \n(Ans. Current Ratio 2:1) \nAnswer: \n <\/p>\n
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Question 2. \nFollowing is the Balance Sheet of Title Machine Ltd. as on March 31, 2006. \n \nCalculate Current Ratio and Liquid Ratio. \n(Ans. Currcnt Ratio 0.8, Liquid Ratio 0.37: 1) \nAnswer: \n \n <\/p>\n
Question 3. \nCurrent Ratio is 3 : 5. Working Capital is Rs. 90,000. Calculate the amount of Current Assets and Current Liabilities. \n(Ans. Current Assets Rs. 1,26, 000 and Current Liabilities Rs. 36,000) \nAnswer: \n <\/p>\n
Question 4. \nShine Limited has a current ratio 4.5 :1 and quick ratio 3 : 1; If the stock is 36,000, calculate current liabilities and current assets. (Ans. Current Assets Rs. 1,08,000, current liabilities Rs. 24,000) \nAnswer: \n \n <\/p>\n
Question 5. \nCurrent liabilities of a company are Rs. 75,000. If current ratio is 4:1 and liquid ratio is 1:1, calculate value of current assets, liquid assets and stock. (Ans : Current Assets Rs. 3,00,000. Liquid Assets Rs. 75,000 and stock Rs. 2,25,000 \nAnswer: \n \n <\/p>\n
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Question 6. \nHanda Ltd. has stock of Rs. 20,000. Total liquid assets are Rs. 1,00,000 and quick ratio is 2 :1. Calculate current ratio. (Ans : Current Ration 2.4 :1) \nAnswer: \n <\/p>\n
Question 7. \nCalculate debt equity ratio from the following information: \nTotal Assets – Rs. 15,00,000 \nCurrent Liabilities – Rs. 6,00,000 \nTotal Debts – Rs. 1200,000 \n(Ans : Debt Equity Ratio 2 : 1) \nAnswer: \n <\/p>\n
Question 8. \nCalculate Current Ratio if: Stock is Rs. 6,00,000; Liquid Assets Rs. 24,00,000; Quick Ratio (Ans. Current Ratio 2.5 :1) \nAnswer: \n <\/p>\n
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Question 9. \nCompute Stock Turnover Ratio from the following information: \nNet Sales – Rs. 2,00,000 \nGross Profit – Rs. 50,000 \nClosing Stock – Rs, 60,000 \nExcess of Closiiig Stock – Rs. 20,000 \nover Opening Stuck \n(Ans : Stock Turnover Rho 3 times) \nAnswer: \n <\/p>\n
Question 10. \nCalculate following ratios from the following information: \n(i) Current ratio \n(ii) Acid test ratio \n(iii) Operating Ratio \n(iv) Gross Profit Ratio \nCurrent Assets – Rs. 35,000 \nCurrent Liabilities – Rs. 17,500 \nStock – Rs. 15,000 \nOpe rating Expences – Rs. 20,000 \nSales – Rs. 60,000 \nCost of Goods Sold – Rs. 30,000 \n(Ans: Current Ratio 2:1; Liquid Ratio 1.14: 1; Operating Ratio \n83.3%: Gross Profit Ratio 50%) \nAnswer: \n \n <\/p>\n
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Question 11. \nFrom the following information calculate : \n(i) Gross Profit Ratio \n(ii) Inventory Turnover Ratio \n(iii) Current Ratio \n(iv) Liquid Ratio \n(v) Net Profit Ratio \n(vi) Working capital Ratio :<\/p>\n
\n(Ans: Gross Profit Ratio 23.81; Inventory Turnover Ratio 2.4 times; Current Ratio 2.6 : 1; Liquid Ratio 1.27 : 1; Net Profit Ratio 14.21%; forking Capital Ratio 2.625 times) \nAnswer: \n \n <\/p>\n
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Question 12. \nCompute Gross Profit Ratio, Working Capital Turnover Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio and Proprietary Ratio from the following information: \n \n(Ans : Gross Profit Ratio 40%; Working Capital Ratio 8.33 times; Debt Equity Ratio 2:5; Proprietary Ratio 25:49) \nAnswer: \n <\/p>\n
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Question 13. \nCalculate Stock Turnover Ratio if : \nOpening Stock is Rs. 76,250, Closing Stock is 98,500, Sales is Rs. 5,20,000, Sales Return is Rs. 20,000, Purchases is Rs. 3,22,250. (Ans : Stock Turnover Ratio 3.43 times) \nAnswer: \n <\/p>\n
Question 14. \nCalculate Stock Turnover Ratio from the data given 1 below: \n \nAnswer: \n \n <\/p>\n
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Question 15. \nA trading firm’s average stock is Rs. 20,000 (cost). If the stock turnover ratio is 8 times and the firm sells goods at a profit of 20% on sale, ascertain the profit of the firm. (Ans : Profit Rs. 40,000) \nAnswer: \n \nProfit = Sales – Cost of Goods Sold \n= Rs. 2,00,000 – Rs. 1,60,000 \n= Rs. 4,000<\/p>\n
Question 16. \nYou are able to collect the following information about a company for two years : \n \nCalculate Stock Turnover Ratio and Debtor Turnover Ratio if in the year 2004 stock in trade increased by Rs. 2,00,000 \n(Ans. Stock Turnover Ratio 2.4 times, Debtors Turnover Ratio 4.52 times) \nAnswer: \n \n <\/p>\n
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Question 17. \nThe following Balance Sheet and other information, calculate following ratios: \n(i) Debt Equity Ratio \n(ii) Working Capital Turnover Ratio \n(iii) Debtors Turnover Ratio. \n \n(Ans : Debt Equity 12 :19; Working Capital Turnover 1.4 times; Debtors Turnover 2 times) \nAnswer: \n <\/p>\n
Question 18. \nThe following is the summerised Profit and Loss account and the Balance Sheet of Nigam Limited for the year ended March 31, 2007: \n \nAnswer: \nCalculate (i) Quick Ratio \n(ii) Stock Turnover Ratio \n(iii) Return on Investment \n(Ans: Quick Ratio 7:13; Stock Turnover Ratio 3.74 times; Return on Investment 41.17%) . \nAnswer: \n \n \n <\/p>\n
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Question 19. \nFrom the following, calculate \n(a) Debt Equity Ratio \n(b) Total Assets to Debt Ratio \n(c) Proprietary Ratio. \n \nAnswer: \n \n <\/p>\n
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Question 20. \nCost of Goods Sold is Rs. 1,50,000. Operating expenses are Rs. 60,000, Sales is Rs. 2,60,000 and Sales Return is Rs. 10,000. Calculate Operating Ratio. \n(Ans. Operating Ratio 84%) \nOperating Ratio \nAnswer: \n \n <\/p>\n
Question 21. \nThe following is the summerised transactions and Profit and Loss Account for the year ending March 31,2007 and the Balance Sheet as on that date. \n \n \nCalculate (i) Gross Profit Ratio, (ii) Current Ratio, (iii) Acid Test Ratio, (iv) Stock Turnover Ratio, (v) Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio. \n(Ans : Gross Profit Ratio 50%; (ii) Current Ratio 3 : 2; (iii) Acid Test Ratio 1.125 :1; (iv) Stock Turnover Ratio 4 times; (v) Fixed Assets \nAnswer: \n \n \n <\/p>\n
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Question 22. \nFrom the following information calculate Gross Profit Ratio, Stock Turnover Ratio and Debtors Turnover Ratio. \n \n(Ans : Gross Profit Ratio 20%; Stock Turnover Ratio 4 times; Debtors Turnover Ratio 9.4 times) \nAnswer: \n \n <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for 12 Accountancy Chapter 10 Accounting Ratios Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation. Accounting Ratios NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 10 Accounting Ratios Questions and Answers Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 10 Test …<\/p>\n
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 10 Accounting Ratios<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","spay_email":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNCERT Solutions for Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 10 Accounting Ratios - MCQ Questions<\/title>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\t \n\t \n\t \n