Very Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 1.
\nWhat is FYM?
\nAnswer:
\nFYM refers to the farmyard manure. It enriches the soil with nitrogen and phosphorus.<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nWhat is vermicompost?
\nAnswer:
\nThe compost prepared because of the action of earthworm in decomposition is called vermiform compost.<\/p>\n
Question 3.
\nWhat is green manuring?
\nAnswer:
\nGreen manuring involves the sowing of seeds of plants like sun hemp and gaur etc before ploughing. After some time they are mulched into soil by ploughing to improve soil fertility.<\/p>\n
Question 4.
\nName some of the common irrigation systems used in rural areas of India?
\nAnswer:
\nIrrigation systems used in rural areas of India include dug well, tube well, rivers, canals and water tanks.<\/p>\n
Question 5.
\nWhat are weeds?
\nAnswer:
\nWeeds are the unwanted plants which grow at their own in a field.<\/p>\n
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Question 6.
\nName the Indian breeds of (i) Cow and (b) Buffalo
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Cow-Red sindhi, Sahiwal and Gir.
\n(b) Buffalo-Murrah, mehsana and Surti.<\/p>\n
Question 7.
\nWhat are milch animals?
\nAnswer:
\nMilch animals include the milk producing female population in cattle farming.<\/p>\n
Question 8.
\nHow is concentrate different from roughage in cattle diet?
\nAnswer:
\nRoughage is meant for growing cattle that is poor in proteins and fats but the concentrate is meant for the lactating females which is rich in protein and fats along with vitamins.<\/p>\n
Question 9.
\nDefine the followings:
\n(a) Mixed cropping
\n(b) Inter cropping
\n(c) Mixed farming
\n(d) Crop rotation
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Mixed cropping : It refers to the simultaneously growing of two or more crops to avoid the crop failure.
\n(b) Intercropping: It refers to the growing of two or more crops in a definite row pattern to increase the productivity per unit area.
\n(c) Mixed fanning: It is the cultivation of a crop or more on a field along with rearing and management of cattle for milk or any other animal food product.
\n(d) Crop rotation: It involves the growing of different crops on a piece of land in a preplanned succession. Mostly legume crop alternates with the cereal crop.<\/p>\n
Question 10.
\nWhich practices does the green revolution intend to be adopted to increase the crop production?
\nAnswer:
\nGreen revolution involves growing of large amount of cereal crops using high yielding plant varieties, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, better practices of irrigation, etc.<\/p>\n
Question 11.
\nWhat are fumigants?
\nAnswer:
\nThese are chemicals sprayed in field or storage sites that in gaseous state are lethal to pests.<\/p>\n
Question 12.
\nWhat do you man by the acronym HYV?
\nAnswer:
\nThe acronym HYV stands for High yielding variety.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 13.
\nWhat steps a farmer needs to take to control diseases in cattle?
\nAnswer:
\nA farmer needs to vaccinate the cattle and isolate the sick cattle from the herd to prevent further infection.<\/p>\n
Question 14.
\nList some of the common diseases of cattle.
\nAnswer:
\nCowpox, anthrax, foot and mouth disease and black quarter.<\/p>\n
Question 15.
\nWhat is the average diet of a cow?
\nAnswer:
\nA cow on an average needs 15-20 kg of green fodder and dry grass, 4-5 kg of grain mixture and 30-35 litre of water per day.<\/p>\n
Question 16.
\nName any four breeds of indigenous fowls.
\nAnswer:
\nAseel, Chattisgarh, Burosa and Kadakath<\/p>\n
Question 17.
\nName the two exotic breeds of fowls.
\nAnswer:
\nRhode Island Red and White leghorn.<\/p>\n
Question 18.
\nWhat is the laving period for a layer in poultry farm?
\nAnswer:
\nLaying period refers to period of time from sexual maturity to the end of the laying of eggs.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 19.
\nName two technologies adopted in fishing.
\nAnswer:
\nTo have increased output from fishing, echo sounding and satellite imaging is used these days to locate tire fish shoals in oceans.<\/p>\n
Question 20.
\nName the three commercial products obtained from the bees in beehive.
\nAnswer:
\nHoney, bee wax and bee venom.<\/p>\n
Question 21.
\nName some cultured finfishes.
\nAnswer:
\nMullets, Pearl spot and Bhekti.<\/p>\n
Question 22.
\nWhat is the size of bee-hive made of wood?
\nAnswer:
\n46 \u00d7 23 cm., with chambers for laying eggs and collection of honey.<\/p>\n
Question 23.
\nList some of the common pests of bees.
\nAnswer:
\nWasp, wax moths, King crow and Green bee eater.<\/p>\n
Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 1.
\nWhat are micronutrients and macronutrients? Give examples.
\nAnswer:
\nMicronutrients: The nutrients required in small quantities by plants are called micro nutrients e.g. zinc, copper, boron, etc.<\/p>\n
Macronutrients: The nutrients required in large quantities by plants are called macro nutrients e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and potassium.<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nWhat are rabi and kharif crops?
\nAnswer:
\nThe crops grown in the winter season are called rabi crops. They are sown in November and harvested in April e.g. wheat, gram, peas, mustard and linseed.<\/p>\n
The crops grown in summer season are called kharif crops or crops of monsoon season. They are sown in month of June to be harvested in October e.g. paddy, soyabean, maize and cotton.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 3.
\nHow are manures prepared? Give their uses.
\nAnswer:
\nManures are prepared by the decomposition of the organic waste that include the plant waste, animal waste like cow dung etc. These wastes are placed ii) a ditch for a period of 1-2 months for decomposition after which they are taken out to be applied in the field.<\/p>\n
Manures:<\/p>\n
\n- enrich the soil with organic matter that adds to soil fertility in long rim.<\/li>\n
- improves the water holding capacity of the soil.<\/li>\n
- help recycle the organic waste produced in a farm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 4.
\nDifferentiate in a manure and fertilizer.
\nAnswer:
\nA manure is produced naturally by the decomposition of natural plant and animal waste products. It is poor in nutrients but when added to soil, it improves the soil’s water holding capacity.<\/p>\n
A fertilizer is industrially manufactured inorganic compound drat is water soluble. When added to soil, it enriches the soil with nutrients but its continuous use leads to soil pollution and in long run leads to a decline in production.<\/p>\n
Therefore, fertilizers give only short term benefits but manures give long term benefits.<\/p>\n
Question 5.
\nWhat precautions should be kept in mind while using fertilizers?
\nAnswer:
\nThe precautions need to be observed when applying fertilizers are<\/p>\n
\n- Apply the fertilizers in terms of proper dose, at proper time after assessing the mineral quantity present in the soil.<\/li>\n
- Application of fertilizer must follow proper irrigation, excessive irrigation, may casue their washing away from field.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 6.
\nWhat is mixed cropping? Give examples.
\nAnswer:
\nThe simultaneous growing of two or more crops on a same piece of land is called mixed cropping. In mixed cropping the common combinations used are:
\nMaize + Urd bean
\nWheat + Chick pea
\nGround nut + Sunflower
\nCotton + Mung bean
\nWheat + Mustard<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 7.
\nWhat do you mean by hybridization? State its types.
\nAnswer:
\nHybridization is method of bringing improvement in the varieties of plants for higher yield. It helps produce<\/p>\n
\n- high yielding varieties.<\/li>\n
- varieties resistant to pest.<\/li>\n
- varieties resistant to drought.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The hybridization is of different types depending upon the selected crop used for the cross pollination by bagging or emasculation. It can be inter-generic, interspecific or inter-species.<\/p>\n
Question 8.
\nWhy is there a necessity for the variety improvement?
\nAnswer:
\nThe variety improvement is necessary for<\/p>\n
\n- Higher yield<\/li>\n
- Improved quality of agronomic product.<\/li>\n
- Biotic and abiotic resistance<\/li>\n
- Desirable agronomic characteristics<\/li>\n
- Desirable period of maturation time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 9.
\nWhat are weeds? How are they controlled?
\nAnswer:
\nWeeds are the unwanted plants in a cultivated field e.g. a barley or mustard plant in a wheat field. They grow at their own without their cultivation.<\/p>\n
These weeds are not good for growing crops because<\/p>\n