{"id":24298,"date":"2021-06-14T16:38:31","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T11:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mcq-questions.com\/?p=24298"},"modified":"2022-03-02T10:38:21","modified_gmt":"2022-03-02T05:08:21","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-7-science-chapter-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcq-questions.com\/ncert-solutions-for-class-7-science-chapter-6\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Physical and Chemical Changes"},"content":{"rendered":"
These NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science<\/a> Chapter 6 Physical and Chemical Changes Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts to help students while preparing for their exams.<\/p>\n Question 1. Question 2. Question 3. Question 4. <\/p>\n Question 5. LPG is another example in which the physical change occurs when LPG comes out of the cylinder and is converted from liquid to gaseous state and the chemical change occurs when gas burns in air.<\/p>\n Question 6. Question 7. Question 8. Question 9. <\/p>\n Question 10. Question 11. Question 12. NCERT Extended Learning Activities and Projects<\/span><\/p>\n Question 1. b. Spoilage of food grains: Food grains get spoiled over a period of time. This causes a loss to us. It can prevented in the following ways:<\/p>\n Question 2. <\/p>\n Question 3. Question 4. Activity 1<\/span><\/p>\n Objective: To study the change in state of ice. Observations: On heating the ice, it is converted into water and on freezing, it again changes into ice. Activity 2<\/span><\/p>\n Objective: To study the change in state of water. Materials required: Water, beaker, Bunsen burner and a pan with handle. Chemical Properties: The internal properties of a substance which are not directly observable from outside are known as its chemical properties. For example, curd is a product of milk but the internal properties of milk and curd are completely different.<\/p>\n Chemical Change: These changes are the changes in which the composition and chemical properties of a substance get changed. In chemical changes, new substances are produced. These changes are permanent and irreversible. For example, burning of a candle, formation of curd from milk, ripening of fruits, rusting of iron and silver jewellery getting tarnished or copper articles getting covered by green layer are all chemical changes.<\/p>\n Characteristics of Chemical Change:<\/p>\n Some examples of chemical changes are: <\/p>\n Activity 3<\/span><\/p>\n Objective: To study burning of magnesium ribbon in air. ii. Reaction of copper sulphate with iron is also a chemical change which represents a change is colour by formation of a new substance.<\/p>\n Activity 4<\/span><\/p>\n Objective: To study the reaction between copper sulphate solution and iron (iron nail\/ shaving blade). iii. Reaction between vinegar and baking soda is also a chemical change. Vinegar reacts with baking soda to produce carbon dioxide gas which turns lime water milky. The reaction can be represented as: <\/p>\n Activity 5<\/span><\/p>\n Objective: To study the reaction between vinegar and baking soda. Rusting of Iron: Iron reacts with oxygen and moisture present in the atmosphere to form a brown, flaky substance called rust. Rusting of iron is an undesirable change because the layer of rust formed falls off, exposing the metal to further rusting leading to corrosion of iron. As a result, iron objects become weak with passage of time. The process of rusting can be represented by the following equation: Methods to Prevent Rusting: Whenever you get iron, water and oxygen together, you get rust. So the best way to prevent rusting is to keep them apart. There are different methods to prevent rusting:<\/p>\n Crystallisation: Crystallisation is a technique used for the purification of substances. It is a separation technique to separate pure solids from a solution. Crystallisation is an example of a physical change. For example, common salt is obtained from seawater by evaporation and crystallisation. Similarly, when copper sulphate is dissolved in hot acidified water and then cooked, pure crystals of copper sulphate are obtained.<\/p>\n Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/span><\/p>\n Question 1. Question 2. Question 3. Question 4. <\/p>\n Question 5. Question 6. Question 7. Question 8. Question 9. Question 10. Question 11. <\/p>\n Question 12. Question 13. Question 14. Question 15. Question 16. Short Answer Type Questions<\/span><\/p>\n Question 1. Question 2. <\/p>\n Question 3. Question 4. Question 5. Question 6. Question 7. Question 8. <\/p>\n Question 9. Question 10. Question 11. Question 12. Long Answer Type Questions<\/span><\/p>\n Question 1.Physical and Chemical Changes NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 6<\/h2>\n
Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Physical and Chemical Changes Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n
\nClassify the changes involved in the following processes as physical or chemical changes:
\na. Photosynthesis
\nb. Dissolving sugar in water
\nc. Burning of coal
\nd. Melting of wax
\ne. Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil
\nf. Digestion of food
\nAnswer:
\na. Chemical change
\nb. Physical change
\nc. Chemical change
\nd. Physical change
\ne. Physical change
\nf. Chemical change<\/p>\n
\nState whether the following statements are true or false. In case a statement is false, write the corrected statement in your notebook.
\na. Cutting a log of wood into pieces is a chemical change.
\nb. Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change.
\nc. Iron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted easily.
\nd. Iron and rust are the same substance.
\ne. Condensation of steam is not a chemical change.
\nAnswer:
\na. False, it is physical change.
\nb. False, it is chemical change.
\nc. True.
\nd. False, they are different substances.
\ne. True<\/p>\n
\nFill in the blanks in the following statements:
\na. When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the formation of …………………
\nb. The chemical name of baking soda is …………………
\nc. Two methods by which rusting of iron can be prevented are ………………… and …………………
\nd. Changes in which only ………………… properties of a substance change are called physical changes.
\ne. Changes in which new substances are formed are called ………………… changes.
\nAnswer:
\na. calcium carbonate
\nb. sodium hydrogen carbonate
\nc. painting or greasing, galvanisation
\nd. physical
\ne. chemical<\/p>\n
\nWhen baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are formed with the evolution of a gas. What type of change is it? Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nWhen baking soda (Sodium hydrogen-carbonate) is mixed with lemon juice (citric acid), bubbles are formed. These bubbles are formed due to the evolution of carbon dioxide gas. This is a chemical change. In this change, citric acid contained in lemon juice reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate which results in the evolution of carbon dioxide gas. The reaction can be represented as follows:
\nLemon juice + Baking soda \u2192 Carbon dioxide + Other substances<\/p>\n
\nWhen a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes take place. Identify these changes. Give another example of a familiar process in which both the chemical and physical changes take place.
\nAnswer:
\nWhen a candle bums, both physical and chemical changes occur:<\/p>\n\n
\nHow would you show that setting of curd is a chemical change?
\nAnswer:
\nThe curd is formed from milk. Both the curd and the milk have different properties. Also, once the curd is formed, it cannot be reversed back into milk. So, there is a formation of new substance with different properties and also it is an irreversible process. Hence, setting of curd is a chemical change.<\/p>\n
\nExplain why burning of wood and cutting it into small pieces are considered as two different types of changes.
\nAnswer:
\nBurning of wood is a chemical change because in burning, new substances are formed and heat and light are produced. Wood + Oxygen \u2192 Carbon dioxide + Charcoal + Heat + Light
\nBut cutting it into small pieces is a physical change because no new substance is formed in this. We can only reduce the size of wood by cutting which is a physical property.<\/p>\n
\nDescribe how crystals of copper sulphate are prepared.
\nAnswer:
\nCrystals of copper sulphate are prepared by the method of crystallisation. A cup of water is taken in a beaker. Few drops of dilute sulphuric acid are added to this. The water is then heated and when it starts boiling, copper sulphate powder is added. Copper sulphate powder should be added on till the solution becomes saturated, i.e., no more powder can be dissolved. It is then filtered into a china dish and allowed to cool. The solution should be kept undisturbed. Slowly, the crystals of copper sulphate separate out.
\n<\/p>\n
\nExplain how painting of an iron gate prevents it from rusting?
\nAnswer:
\nPainting of an iron gate prevents it from rusting because it cuts the direct contact of iron from the air and therefore there is no further exposure of iron to oxygen and moisture in the air which can cause rusting. Hence, rusting is prevented.<\/p>\n
\nExplain why rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts.
\nAnswer:
\nBoth the air and the moisture are required for rusting to take place. In coastal areas, the quantity of moisture present in the air is more than in deserts. In desert areas, the amount of moisture in the air is very low. Therefore, rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts.<\/p>\n
\nThe gas we use in the kitchen is called liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). In the cylinder it exists as a liquid. When it comes out from the cylinder it becomes a gas (Change-A) then it burns (Change-B). The following statements pertain to these changes. Choose the correct one.
\na. Process-A is a chemical change.
\nb. Process-B is a chemical change.
\nc. Both processes A and B are chemical changes.
\nd. None of these processes is a chemical change.
\nAnswer:
\nb. Process-B is a chemical change.<\/p>\n
\nAnaerobic bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas (Change-A). The biogas is then burnt as fuel (Change-B). The following statements pertain to these changes. Choose the correct one.
\na. Process-A is a chemical change.
\nb. Process-B is a chemical change.
\nc. Both processes A and B are chemical changes.
\nd. None of these processes is a chemical change.
\nAnswer:
\nc. Both processes A and B are chemical changes.<\/p>\n
\nDescribe two changes that are harmful. Explain why you consider them harmful. How can you prevent them?
\nHint:
\nTwo changes which are harmful are:
\na. Rusting of iron: When iron is left exposed to air it reacts with oxygen and water in the air to form a powdery substance called rust.
\nRusting of iron is harmful as rust slowly eats away the iron leading to its considerable loss. Rusting can be prevented by oiling, polishing and painting.<\/p>\n\n
\nTake three glass bottles with wide mouths. Label them A, B, C. Fill about half of bottle A with ordinary tap water. Fill bottle B with water which has been boiled for several minutes, to the same level as in A. In bottle C, take the same boiled water and of the same amount as in other bottles. In each bottle put a few similar iron nails so that they are completely underwater. Add a teaspoonful of cooking oil to the water in bottle C so that it forms a film on its surface. Put the bottles away for a few days. Take out nails from each bottle and observe them. Explain your observations.
\n
\nHint:
\nIn test tube B: Formation of rust will take place since air from the atmosphere will dissolve in boiled water as it is uncovered.
\nIn test tube C: No rust formation will occur since only water is present. No air is present in it as oil cuts off supply of air.
\nBy the above observations we conclude that both air and water are essential for rusting. If out of these one is missing, rusting will not take place.<\/p>\n
\nPrepare crystals of alum.
\nHint:
\nPrepare a supersaturated solution of alum in a beaker by dissolving the powdered alum in water. For this, take a beaker half filled with water on a stand and heat it till it starts boiling. Add alum slowly to this solution. Keep on adding alum until no more alum can be dissolved. Filter the warm solution into another beaker. Now keep the filtered solution in a water bath containing ice. Do not disturb the solution. Large crystals of solid alum will be formed at the base of beaker when solution cools down.<\/p>\n
\nCollect information about the type of fuels used for cooking in your area. Discuss with your teacher\/parents\/ others which fuels are less polluting and why.
\nHint:
\nThe following types of fuels are used in our area:
\na. Solid fuels: coal, dung cake, wood, etc.
\nb. Liquid fuel: Kerosene oil.
\nc. Gaseous fuel: LPG. LPG is a less polluting fuel.<\/p>\n
\nMaterials Required: A piece of ice, glass\/ plastic tumbler.
\nProcedure:<\/p>\n\n
\nConclusion: In this activity, solid changes into liquid and liquid changes back into solid. Thus, there is no change in the properties of water.<\/p>\n
\nProcedure:<\/p>\n\n
\nObservations: When the water heated, it is converted into steam. On cooling down, the steam it converted into water again.
\nConclusion: In this activity, there is no change in the properties of water. No new substance is formed. So, the boiling of water to form steam is a physical change.<\/p>\n\n
\ni. Burning: Burning of any substance such as coal, wood, etc., is always a chemical change and is accompanied by production of heat. When magnesium ribbon is burnt in air, it produces a dazzling white flame leaving behind ashes of magnesium oxide. When these ashes are dissolved in water, magnesium hydroxide (a base) is produced. Both these are chemical changes and can be represented as follows:
\nMagnesium (Mg) + Oxygen (O2<\/sub>) \u2192 Magnesium oxide (MgO)
\nMagnesium oxide (MgO) + Water (H2<\/sub>O) \u2192 Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2<\/sub>]<\/p>\n
\nMaterials Required: A magnesium ribbon, sand paper and candle.
\nProcedure:<\/p>\n\n
\nObservations: It bums with a brilliant white light. When it is completely burnt, it leaves behind a powdery ash. It is called magnesium oxide.
\nConclusion: Heat and light are given out in this process. It is not possible to recover magnesium ribbon in the original form from the white powdery ash. Therefore, burning of magnesium ribbon is a chemical change.<\/p>\n
\nMaterials Required: Test tube, copper sulphate, two glass beakers and an iron nail or a shaving blade.
\nProcedure:<\/p>\n\n
\nObservations: Take out the nail or the blade. The changes that you noticed are due to a reaction between copper sulphate and iron. The change in colour of the solution from blue to green is due to the formation of iron sulphate, a new substance. The brown deposit on the iron nail is copper, another new substance. Conclusion: It can be said that iron reacts with copper sulphate to form iron sulphate and copper. The equation can be written as:
\nCopper sulphate solution (blue) + Iron \u2192 Iron sulphate solution (green) + Copper (brown deposit)<\/p>\n
\nCarbon dioxide (CO2<\/sub>) + Lime water [Ca(OH)2<\/sub>] \u2192 Calcium carbonate [CaCO3<\/sub>] (milky) + Water (H2<\/sub>O)<\/p>\n
\nMaterials Required: Vinegar, baking soda, lime water, test tubes, rubber cork and delivery tube.
\nProcedure:<\/p>\n\n
\nObservation: Bubbles of gas are seen in vinegar. This gas turns lime water milky white in colour.
\nConclusion: Carbon dioxide is released in the above reaction which turns lime water milky. It is a chemical change. The equation can be represented as:
\nBaking soda (NaHCO3<\/sub>) + Vinegar (CH3<\/sub>COOH) \u2192 Sodium acetate (CH3<\/sub>COONa) + CO2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n
\nIron (Fe) + Oxygen (O2<\/sub>) + Water (H2<\/sub>O) \u2192 Iron oxide (Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>.xH2<\/sub>O)
\nThe iron oxide is called rust. Rust of iron is chemically different from iron and hence rusting is a chemical change.<\/p>\n\n
Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Physical and Chemical Changes Additional Important Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n
\nWhat are the two main kinds of changes?
\nAnswer:
\nPhysical changes and chemical changes.<\/p>\n
\nWhich property of water changes during its evaporation?
\nAnswer:
\nPhysical property, i.e., state changes.<\/p>\n
\nIs burning of a piece of paper a reversible or an irreversible change?
\nAnswer:
\nIt is an irreversible change.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is rust?
\nAnswer:
\nIron reacts with oxygen and moisture present in the atmosphere to form a brown, flaky substance called rust. It is chemically iron oxide.<\/p>\n
\nWhat kind of change is rusting?
\nAnswer:
\nChemical change.<\/p>\n
\nWhat are the essential conditions for rusting?
\nAnswer:
\nPresence of moisture and presence of oxygen in the air.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is the nature of aqueous solution of magnesium oxide?
\nAnswer:
\nWhen magnesium oxide is dissolved in water, it forms an aqueous solution which is basic in nature. The reaction between magnesium oxide and water is: Magnesium oxide (MgO) + Water (H2<\/sub>O) \u2192 Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2<\/sub>] In this reaction a new product is formed, which is magnesium hydroxide which is a base.<\/p>\n
\nGive two examples of physical changes.
\nAnswer:
\nBoiling of water, mixing sand and water.<\/p>\n
\nWhich type of change occurs during crystallisation?
\nAnswer:
\nPhysical change.<\/p>\n
\nWhich of the two is a permanent change-chemical change or physical change?
\nAnswer:
\nChemical change is a permanent change.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is the colour of flame when magnesium is burnt?
\nAnswer:
\nDazzling white colour.<\/p>\n
\nName the gas released when baking soda is mixed with vinegar.
\nAnswer:
\nCarbon dioxide.<\/p>\n
\nWhat happens when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water?
\nAnswer:
\nLime water becomes milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is blue vitriol?
\nAnswer:
\nCrystals of copper sulphate pentahydrate are blue in colour. So, solution of copper sulphate in water it is commonly known as blue vitriol.<\/p>\n
\nName any two methods by which rusting of iron can be prevented.
\nAnswer:
\nRusting of iron can be prevented by painting and by galvanisation.<\/p>\n
\nName the technique for obtaining pure sugar from sugar solution?
\nAnswer:
\nCrystallisation.<\/p>\n
\nDefine galvanisation.
\nAnswer:
\nThe process of depositing a coat of zinc layer on articles made of copper, iron other metals, which get corroded when exposed to moist air for long time is called galvanisation. For example: Iron bridges and ships can be protected from rusting by galvanising the iron using zinc.<\/p>\n
\nDefine crystallisation.
\nAnswer:
\nCrystallisation is a process that separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a solution. The crystallisation method is used to purify solids. For example, the salt we get from seawater can have many impurities in it. To remove these impurities, the process of crystallisation is used.<\/p>\n
\nWhat are physical changes?
\nAnswer:
\nA physical change is a type of change in which the form of matter is altered but one substance is not transformed into another. The size or shape of matter may be changed, but no chemical reaction occurs. Physical changes are usually reversible. For example, melting of ice, formation of steam, etc., are physical changes.<\/p>\n
\nWhat is a chemical change?
\nAnswer:
\nA chemical change occurs when one substance is transformed into one or more new products via a chemical reaction. Most chemical changes are not reversible. They involve evolution of heat, light, sound or gas. For example, burning of paper, formation of curd, etc., are all chemical changes.<\/p>\n
\nWrite the characteristics of a physical change?
\nAnswer:
\nThe characteristics of a physical change are:<\/p>\n\n
\nWhy is vapourisation of water a physical change? Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nEvaporation is a physical change and not a chemical change. It is a physical change because it is going from the liquid phase to the gas phase, i.e., the physical property is being changed. It is not a chemical change because its molecules are still made of two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom. Hence, no new substance is formed.<\/p>\n
\nDoes the energy change take place both in physical and chemical changes?
\nAnswer:
\nYes, all types of changes involve energy changes. During a change, energy is either evolved or absorbed. Burning of candle is a chemical change and energy is evolved in it. Evaporation of liquid is a physical change and energy is absorbed in it.<\/p>\n
\nWrite the characteristics of a chemical change?
\nAnswer:
\nThe characteristics of a chemical change are:<\/p>\n\n
\nWhat happens when iron nails are dipped in copper sulphate solution?
\nAnswer:
\nWhen iron nails are dipped in copper sulphate solution, then after some time a brown layer of copper gets deposited on iron nails. This change is due to the chemical reaction between copper sulphate solution and iron. The colour of copper sulphate solution also changes from blue to green colour due to the formation of iron sulphate.
\nIron nail + Copper sulphate solution (Blue) \u2192 Iron sulphate (Green) + Copper (Brown deposit)<\/p>\n
\nOzone acts as a natural shield against ultraviolet radiations. Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nOzone protects us from the harmful ultraviolet radiations which come from the sun. Ozone absorbs this radiation and breaks down to oxygen. If ultraviolet radiations were not absorbed by ozone, it would reach the earth\u2019s surface and cause harm to us and other life forms.<\/p>\n
\nIs burning always a desirable change? Explain.
\nAnswer:
\nNo, it is not always a desirable change. It is desirable during cooking of food, burning of candle, burning of fossil fuels to drive engines and other machines. However, it is undesirable at other times as it causes a lot of damage, e.g., forest fire causes lot of damage to plants, animals and our ecosystem. Therefore, it is not always a desirable change.<\/p>\n
\nState the reason for each of the following:
\na. Cooked food is stored in a refrigerator.
\nb. Common salt is stored in an airtight container during the rainy season.
\nAnswer:
\na. Low temperature in a refrigerator slows down the growth and multiplication of microorganisms. This prevents the cooked food from spoilage.
\nb. Common salt absorbs moisture and becomes wet during rainy season. Therefore, to keep common salt dry (free flowing), it is stored in an airtight container during the rainy season.<\/p>\n
\nState four differences between physical and chemical changes.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n