\n(iv) Crown of oak leaves<\/td>\n | (D) Readiness to fight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n (A) (i)-(B), (ii)-(C), (iii)-(D), (iv)-(A) \n(B) (i)-(D), (ii)-(A), (iii)-(C), (iv)-(B) \n(C) (i)-(C), (ii)-(D), (iii)-(B), (iv)-(A) \n(D) (i)-(A), (ii)-(D), (iii)-(B), (iv)-(C) \nAnswer: \n(C) (i)-(C), (ii)-(D), (iii)-(B), (iv)-(A)<\/p>\n Question 16.<\/p>\n Arrange the following in the correct sequence:<\/h2>\n(i) Slav nationalism was the go to force in the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires. \n(ii) Unification of Germany. \n(iii) Victor Emmanuel was declared as the king of united Italy and Rome was declared the capital of Italy. \n(iv) The Prussian King, William was proclaimed the German Emperor. \nOption:<\/p>\n (A) (iv) – (ii) – (iii) – (i) \n(B) (iii) – (iv) – (ii) – (i) \n(C) (iii) – (ii) – (iv) – (i) \n(D) (i) – (ii) – (iii) – (iv) \nAnswer: \n(C) (iii) – (ii) – (iv) – (i)<\/p>\n Explanation: \n(i) Victor Emmanuel was declared as the king of united Italy and Rome was declared the capital of Italy in 1861. \n(ii) Unification of Germany from 1866 to 1871. \n(iii) The Prussian King, William I was proclaimed the German Emperor in January, 1871. \n(iv) Slav nationalism was the go to force in the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires in 1905.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 17.<\/p>\n Arrange the following in the correct sequence:<\/h2>\n(i) Treaty of Constantinople \n(ii) First upheaval took place in France \n(iii) Lord Byron died \n(iv) Greek Struggle for independence begins<\/p>\n Option: \n(A) (i) – (ii) – (iii) – (iv) \n(B) (ii) – (iv) – (i) – (iii) \n(C) (iv) – (iii) – (ii) – (i) \n(D) (iii) – (iv) – (ii) – (i) \nAnswer: \n(C) (iv) – (iii) – (ii) – (i)<\/p>\n Explanation: \n(i) Greek Struggle for independence begins in 1821. \n(ii) Lord Byron died in 1824. \n(iii) First upheaval took place in France in July 1830. \n(iv) Treaty of Constantinople in 1832.<\/p>\n Question 18.<\/p>\n Analyze the information given below, considering one of the following correct options: While it is easy enough to represent a ruler through a portrait or a statue, how does one go about giving a face to a nation? Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries found a way out by personifying a nation. In other words, they represented a country as if it were a person.<\/h2>\n(A) Portrait of a nation \n(B) Idol of a nation \n(C) Personification of a nation \n(D) Visualising a nation \nAnswer: \n(D) Visualising a nation<\/p>\n Question 19.<\/p>\n Analyze the information given below, considering one of the following correct options: He was perhaps the most celebrated of Italian freedom fighters. He came from a family engaged in coastal trade and was a sailor in the merchant navy. In 1833, he met Mazzini, joined the Young Italy Movement and participated in a Republican uprising in Piedmont in 1834.<\/h2>\n(A) Otto von Bismarck \n(B) Giuseppe Mazzini \n(C) Count Camillio de Cavour \n(D) Giuseppe Garibaldi \nAnswer: \n(D) Giuseppe Garibaldi<\/p>\n Question 20.<\/p>\n Find the incorrect option from the following:<\/h2>\n(A) During the years following 1815, the fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists underground. \n(B) Secret Societies sprang up in many Indian states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas. \n(C) To be a revolutionary at this time meant a commitment to oppose monarchical forms that had bean established after the Vienna Congress, and to fight for liberty and freedom. \n(D) Most of these revolutionaries also saw the creation of nation states as a necessary part of this struggle for freedom. \nAnswer: \n(B) Secret Societies sprang up in many Indian states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.<\/p>\n Explanation: \nSecret Societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.<\/p>\n Question 21.<\/p>\n Find the incorrect option from the following:<\/h2>\n(A) The first upheaval took place in France in July 1930. \n(B) The Bourbon Kings who had been restored to power during the conservative reaction after 1815, were now overthrown by liberal revolutionaries who installed a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its head. \n(C) When America sneezes’ Metternich once remarked,’ the rest of Europe catches cold.’ \n(D) The July Revolution sparked an uprising in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. \nAnswer: \n(C) When America sneezes’ Metternich once remarked,’ the rest of Europe catches cold.’<\/p>\n Explanation: \nWhen France sneezes, Metternich once remarked, the rest of Europe catches cold.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Assertion and Reason Based MCQs <\/span><\/p>\nDirections: In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as. \n(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A \n(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A \n(C) A is true but R is false. \n(D) A is false and R is true.<\/p>\n Question 1.<\/p>\n Assertion (A) : Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian General, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy. \nReason (R): He was the architect in the process of nation – building.<\/h2>\nAnswer: \n(C) A is true but R is false.<\/p>\n Explanation: \nBismarck was the architect in the process of nation – building.<\/p>\n Question 2.<\/p>\n Assertion (A) : A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. \nReason (R) : The spread of the ideas of Romantic Nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive.<\/h2>\nAnswer: \n(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A<\/p>\n Question 3.<\/p>\n Assertion (A) : The French Revolution was an influential event that marked the age of revolutions in Europe. \nReason (R) : The French Revolution transferred the sovereignty from the people to the monarch.<\/h2>\nAnswer: \n(C) A is true but R is false.<\/p>\n Explanation: \nThe French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.<\/p>\n Question 4.<\/p>\n Assertion (A): Serfdom and bonded labour were abolished both in the Habsburg dominions and in Russia. \nReason (R) : Monarchs were beginning to realise that the cycles of revolution and repression could only be ended by granting concessions to the liberal-nationalist revolutionaries.<\/h2>\nAnswer: \n(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A<\/p>\n Question 5.<\/p>\n Assertion (A) : The Scottish Highlands suffered terrible repression whenever they attempted to assert their independence. \nReason (R) : Catholic revolts against British dominance were suppressed.<\/h2>\nAnswer: \n(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A<\/p>\n Explanation: \nScotland suffered because of the long-drawn-out process and Ireland got support from the English to suppress the Catholic revolts.<\/p>\n Question 6.<\/p>\n Assertion (A): Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories. \nReason (R) : They were closely bound to each other inspite of their autonomous rule.<\/h2>\nAnswer: \n(C) A is true but R is false.<\/p>\n Explanation: \nItaly and Switzerland were under autocratic monarchies within the territories of which lived diverse peoples, sharing a collective identity or a common culture, spoke different languages and belonged to different ethnic groups.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 7.<\/p>\n Assertion (A) : On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives revolted in the Frankfurt parliament. \nReason (R) : The parliament was dominated by the middle classes who resisted the demands of workers and lost their support.<\/h2>\nAnswer: \n(D) A is false and R is true.<\/p>\n Explanation: \nOn 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives marched in a festive procession to take their places in the Frankfurt parliament. While the opposition of the aristocracy and military became stronger, the social basis of parliament eroded.<\/p>\n Question 8.<\/p>\n Assertion (A) : Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives. \nReason (R): Metternich described Mazzini as ‘the most dangerous enemy of social order’.<\/h2>\nAnswer: \n(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A<\/p>\n Case-Based MCQs<\/span><\/p>\nI. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows: \nFollowing the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre- revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state’s power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe.<\/p>\n In 1815, representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states \nwere set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.<\/p>\n Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.<\/p>\n Question 1.<\/p>\n Which of the following statement correctly describes about European conservative ideology?<\/h2>\n(A) Preservation of beliefs introduced by Napoleon. \n(B) Preservation of two sects of Christianity. \n(C) Preservation of socialist ideology in economic sphere. \n(D) Preservation of traditionalist beliefs in state and society \nAnswer: \n(D) Preservation of traditionalist beliefs in state and society<\/p>\n Explanation: \nConservatism stands for the people who don\u2019t like changes.<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 2.<\/p>\n Identify the purpose to convene the Congress of Vienna in 1815 from the following options.<\/h2>\n(A) To declare competition of German unification. \n(B) To restore conservative regime in Europe. \n(C) To declare war against France. \n(D) To start the process of Italian Unification. \nAnswer: \n(B) To restore conservative regime in Europe.<\/p>\n Explanation: \nIn 1815, the European powers collectively defeated Napoleon to draw up a settlement for Europe.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 3.<\/p>\n What did conservatives focus on at the Congress of Vienna? Select the appropriate option.<\/h2>\n(A) To reestablish peace and stability in Europe. \n(B) To establish socialism in Europe. \n(C) To introduce democracy in France. \n(D) To set up a new Parliament in Austria. \nAnswer: \n(A) To reestablish peace and stability in Europe.<\/p>\n Explanation: \nThe mam intention was to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon.<\/p>\n Question 4.<\/p>\n How did the Congress of Vienna ensure peace in Europe? Select the appropriate option.<\/h2>\n(A) With the restoration of Bourbon Dynasty \n(B) Austria was not given the control of Northern Italy \n(C) Laying out a balance of power between all the great powers in Europe \n(D) By giving power to the German confederation \nAnswer: \n(C) Laying out a balance of power between all the great powers in Europe<\/p>\n Explanation: \nA modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe.<\/p>\n II. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows: \nOne such individual was the Italian revolutionary, Giuseppe Mazzini. Born in Genoa in 1807, he became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. As a young man of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria. He subsequently founded two more underground societies, first, Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states. Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind.<\/p>\n So Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms. It had to be forged into a single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations. This unification alone could be the basis of Italian liberty. Following his model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives. Metternich described him as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’.<\/p>\n Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.<\/p>\n Question 1.<\/p>\n Where was Giuseppe Mazzini born?<\/h2>\n(A) Berne \n(B) Paris \n(C) Genoa \n(D) Liguria \nAnswer: \n(C) Genoa<\/p>\n Question 2.<\/p>\n Giuseppe Mazzini was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in.<\/h2>\n(A) Genoa \n(B) Liguria \n(C) Poland \n(D) Marseilles \nAnswer: \n(B) Liguria<\/p>\n Question 3.<\/p>\n Who described Mazzini as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’?<\/h2>\n(A) Bismarck \n(B) Cavour \n(C) Metternich \n(D) Garibaldi \nAnswer: \n(C) Metternich<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 4.<\/p>\n Which of the following societies was founded in Berne?<\/h2>\n(A) Young Europe \n(B) Young Germany \n(C) Young Italy \n(D) Young Britain \nAnswer: \n(A) Young Europe<\/p>\n III. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows: \nLike Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation. Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multi\u00acnational Habsburg Empire. During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont, was ruled by an Italian princely house. The north was under Austrian Habsburgs, the centre was ruled by the Pope and the southern regions were under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain. Even the Italian language had not acquired one common form and still had many regional and local variations.<\/p>\n Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.<\/p>\n Question 1.<\/p>\n During mid-19th century, Italy was divided into……………..states.<\/h2>\n(A) six’ \n(B) seven \n(C) eight \n(D) nine \nAnswer: \n(B) seven<\/p>\n Question 2.<\/p>\n Which of the following part of Italy was ruled by an Italian princely house?<\/h2>\n(A) Rome \n(B) Venetia \n(C) Lombardy \n(D) Sardinia-Piedmont \nAnswer: \n(D) Sardinia-Piedmont<\/p>\n Question 3.<\/p>\n Who dominated the south regions of Italy?<\/h2>\n(A) Pope \n(B) Bourbon Kings of Spain \n(C) Austrian Habsburgs \n(D) Bourbon Kings of France \nAnswer: \n(B) Bourbon Kings of Spain<\/p>\n Question 4.<\/p>\n Besides Italy, which of the following nation had a long history of political fragmentation?<\/h2>\n(A) Germany \n(B) Britain \n(C) USA \n(D) Japan \nAnswer: \n(A) Germany<\/p>\n IV. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows: \nSimilar female allegories were invented by artists in the nineteenth century to represent the nation. In France she was christened Marianne, a popular Christian name, which underlined the idea of a people’s nation. Her characteristics were drawn from those of Liberty and the Republic – the red cap, the tricolour and the cockade. Statues of Marianne were erected in public squares to remind the public of the national symbol of unity and to persuade them to identify with it. Marianne images were marked on coins and stamps. Similarly, Germania became the allegory of the German nation. In visual representations, Germania wears a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option<\/p>\n Question 1.<\/p>\n What was the name given to the female allegory in France?<\/h2>\n(A) Germania \n(B) Mary \n(C) Flora \n(D) Marianne \nAnswer: \n(D) Marianne<\/p>\n Question 2.<\/p>\n Germania became the allegory of………….. .<\/h2>\n(A) France \n(B) Italy \n(C) Germany \n(D) Britain \nAnswer: \n(C) Germany<\/p>\n Question 3.<\/p>\n What does the German oak stand for?<\/h2>\n(A) Liberty \n(B) Heroism \n(C) Justice \n(D) Strength \nAnswer: \n(B) Heroism<\/p>\n Question 4.<\/p>\n …………… images marked on coins and stamps.<\/h2>\n(A) Germania \n(B) Marianne \n(C) Mary \n(D) Jesus \nAnswer: \n(B) Marianne<\/p>\n V. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows: \nIn the German regions, a large number of political associations whose members were middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans, came together in the city of Frankfurt and decided to vote for an all-German National Assembly. On 18 May, 1848, 831 elected representatives marched in a festive Procession to take their places in the Frankfurt Parliament convened in the Church of St Paul. They drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. When the deputies offered the crown on these terms to Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, he rejected it and joined other monarchs to oppose the elected assembly.<\/p>\n While the opposition of the aristocracy and military became stronger, the social basis of parliament eroded. The Parliament was dominated by the middle classes who resisted the demands of workers and artisans and consequently lost their support. In the end, troops were called in and the assembly was forced to disband. The issue of extending political rights to women was a controversial one within the liberal movement, in which large numbers of women had participated actively over the years. Women had formed their own political associations, founded newspapers and taken part in political meetings and demonstrations. Despite this, they were denied suffrage rights during the election of the Assembly. When the Frankfurt Parliament convened in the Church of St Paul, women were admitted only as observers to stand in the visitors’ gallery.<\/p>\n Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option<\/p>\n Question 1.<\/p>\n People from which classes mainly constituted the members of many political associations in the German region?<\/h2>\n(A) Middle-class professionals \n(B) Businessmen \n(C) Prosperous Artisans \n(D) All above classes \nAnswer: \n(D) All above classes<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 2.<\/p>\n On 18th May, 1848 where was Frankfurt Parliament convened? Choose the correct option.<\/h2>\n(A) St. Peters’ church \n(B) St. Pauls’ church \n(C) St. Johns’ church \n(D) St. Mary church \nAnswer: \n(B) St. Pauls’ church<\/p>\n Question 3.<\/p>\n Otto Von Bismarcks’ contribution in building nation of Germany is remarkable. Who was he?<\/h2>\n(A) The King of Prussia \n(B) The Prime Minister of Prussia \n(C) The President of Prussia \n(D) The Chief Minister of Prussia \nAnswer: \n(D) The Chief Minister of Prussia<\/p>\n Question 4.<\/p>\n What was the role of women in the Church of St. Paul?<\/h2>\n(A) They were allowed to take active part. \n(B) They suggested their option. \n(C) They dominated and fought for their right. \n(D) They were admitted only as observers to stand in the visitors’ gallery. \nAnswer: \n(D) They were admitted only as observers to stand in the visitors’ gallery.<\/p>\n VI. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows: \nDuring the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic. He had also formed a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals. The failure of revolutionary uprisings both in 1831 and 1848 meant that the mantle now fell on Sardinia-Piedmont under its ruler, King Victor Emmanuel II, to unify the Italian states through war. In the eyes of the ruling elites of this region, a unified Italy, offered them the possibility of economic development and political dominance. Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy, was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.<\/p>\n Like many other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke French much better than he did Italian. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. Apart from the regular troops, a large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the fray. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers. In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of united Italy. However, much of the Italian population, among whom rates of illiteracy were very high, remained blissfully unaware of liberal-nationalist ideology. The peasant masses who had supported Garibaldi in southern Italy had never heard of Italia, and believed that ‘La Talia’ was Victor Emmanuel’s wife<\/p>\n Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option<\/p>\n Question 1.<\/p>\n Who formed a secret society called ‘Young Italy’?<\/h2>\n(A) Giuseppe Mazzini \n(B) Giuseppe Garibaldi \n(C) Otto Von Bismarck \n(D) Victor Emmanuel \nAnswer: \n(A) Giuseppe Mazzini<\/p>\n Question 2.<\/p>\n Who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy?<\/h2>\n(A) Napoleon Bonaparte \n(B) Kaiser William II \n(C) Chief Minister Cavour \n(D) Chief Minister Otto Von Bismarck \nAnswer: \n(C) Chief Minister Cavour<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 3.<\/p>\n According to the extract, what was the reason for a large part of Italian population remaining unaware of the liberal ideology?<\/h2>\n(A) They were unaware of the circumstances. \n(B) They didn’t want to get involved in mess. \n(C) They were busy in their lives and had no time. \n(D)They were illiterate, so they remained unaware of the liberal ideology. \nAnswer: \n(D)They were illiterate, so they remained unaware of the liberal ideology.<\/p>\n Question 4.<\/p>\n Who proclaimed himself as the king of united Italy?<\/h2>\n(A) La Taila \n(B) Giuseppe Garibaldi \n(C) Sardinia \n(D) Victor Emmanuel \nAnswer: \n(D) Victor Emmanuel<\/p>\n |