Author name: Prasanna

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 3

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Geography Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 3 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let Recall
Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Name any three common minerals used by you every day.
(ii) What is ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?
(iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources.
(iv) Which sources of energy would you suggest for
(а) rural areas
(b) coastal areas
(c) Arid regions
(v) Give five ways in which you can save energy at home.
Answer:
(i) The three common minerals used by us every day are petroleum, iron and salt.

(ii) Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores. Ores of metallic minerals are generally found in igneous and metamorphic rock formation that forms large plateaus.

(iii) In India Jaisalmer, Krishna Godavari delta, Tripura and some areas off-shore in Mumbai have natural gas resources.

(iv)

• Rural areas: Rural areas with proper availability of almost all natural resources like solar, wind and tidal they should use the non-conventional source of energy according to the availability in adundance or in sufficiency.
• Coastal areas: They should use petroleum, tidal power and wind power.
• Arid region: For this region solar energy and geothermal power will be the suitable one according to the availability in area or region.

(v) Five ways to save energy at home:

• Use of solar energy should be increased.
• Use of biogas in place of cooking gas.
• Switch off the electric items when not in use.
• Start afforestation.
• Use of solar and electrically charged vehicles in place of petroleum using vehicles.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?
(a) They are created by natural processes.
(b) They have a definite chemical composition,
(c) They are inexhaustible.
(d) Their distribution is uneven.
Answer:
(c) They are inexhaustible.

(ii) Which one of the following is NOT a producer of mica?
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Karnataka
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Karnataka

(iii) Which one of the following is a leading producer of copper in the world?
(a) Bolivia
(b) Ghana
(c) Chile
(d) Zimbabwe
Answer:
(c) Chile

(iv) Which one of the following practices will NOT conserve LPG in your kitchen.
(a) Soaking the dal for some time before cooking it.
(b) Cooking food in a pressure cooker.
(c) Keeping the vegetables chopped before lighting the gas for cooking.
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.
Answer:
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.

Question 3.
Give reasons.
(i) Environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.
(it) Most industries are concentrated around coal mines.
(iii) Petroleum is referred to as “black gold”.
(iv) Quarrying can become a major environmental concern.
Answer:
(i) Before building huge dams it should be kept in mind that the water storage will affect any of the forest or livelihood or not or will the establishment of dam result in over cutting of trees.

(ii) Industries are concentrated around coal mines because this concentration ensures the availability of many types of fuel in form of which the coal can be used as coal is the most abundantly found fossil fuel.

(iii) Petroleum is found between the layer of rocks and is drilled from oil fields located in off-shore and coastal areas. This is then sent to refineries which process the crude oil and produce a variety of products like diesel, petrol, kerosene, wax, plastics and lubricants. Petroleum and its derivatives are called as black gold as they are very valuable.

(iv) Quarrying means that minerals that lie near the surface are simply dugout and in the digging process it makes hollowness in the earth surface that not only affects the nearby area but also makes the area touched by it as unstable.

Question 4.
Distinguish between the following.
(i) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
(ii) Biogas and natural gas
(iii) Ferrous and nonferrous minerals
(iv) Metallic and nonmetallic minerals
Answer:
(i) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy

(ii) Biogas and natural gas

(iii) Ferrous and Nonferrous minerals

(iv) Metallic and Nonmetallic minerals

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 2

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Geography Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Land use in selected countries.

Study the above table and answer the following:
(i) Name the countries having the highest percentage of land under cropland, forest, pasture and other uses.
(ii) How would you relate the land-use patterns of these countries with the probable economic activities?
Answer:
(i) The countries with the highest use of land under cropland, forest, pasture and other uses are:

• Cropland – India (i.e. 57%)
• Forest – Japan (i.e. 67%)
• Pasture – Australia (i.e. 56%)
• Other uses – Canada (i.e. 52%)

(ii) With the growth in the number of people or population the demands of the people are increasing and the availability of land is getting minimised. These areas are being targeted for the purpose of human settlement. This is how the land use pattern of these countries develops economic activities by settling down and developing the area according to the demands of people there.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?
(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today.
(iii) Why is land considered an important resource?
(iv) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals.
(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water.
Answer:
(i) The two main climatic factors responsible for the soil formation are:

• The nature of the parent rock and climatic factors.
• Another factor is topography, role of organic material and time taken for the composition of soil formation.

(ii) The two reasons for land degradation today are as follows:

• Deforestation
• Expansion of constructive activities.

(iii) Land is considered as an important resource because it covers only about 30% of the total area of the earth’s surface and all parts of this small percentage are not habitable. After all the land is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries, etc.

(iv) The two steps that government has taken in order to conserve plants and animals are:

• National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves are made to protect natural vegetation and plant.
• The government has passed several laws against any trade as well as killing of birds and animals.

(v) The three ways of conserving water are:

• Water from the industries should be treated well before releasing them in water bodies.
•  In dry regions with high rates of evaporation, the method of drip or trickle irrigation is very much useful in order to save unnecessary wastage of water.
• By adopting several other means of irrigation like water harvesting, water can be conserved.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation?
(a) Time
(b) Soil texture
(c) Organic matter
Answer:
(b) Soil texture

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes?
(a) shelter belts
(b) mulching
(c) terrace cultivation
Answer:
(c) terrace cultivation

(iii) Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature?
(a) Switch off the bulb when not in use
(b) Close the tap immediately after using
(c) Dispose polypacks after shopping
Answer:
(c) Dispose polypacks after shopping

Question 3.
Match the followings.

Answer:
(i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (a) (iv) (e)

Question 4.
State whether the given statement is true or false. If true, write the reasons.
d) Ganga-Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region.
(ii) Water availability per person in India is declining.
(iii) Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping.
(iv) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.
Answer:
(i) True: because it is a fertile area.
(ii) True: It is declining as a consequence of over-exploitation and contamination of water resources.
(iii) False
(iv) False

Question 5.
Activity
Discuss some more reasons which are responsible for changes of land use pattern. Has your place undergone any change in the land use pattern in recent years? Find out from your parents and elderly people. You can conduct an interview by asking the following questions.

Based on the table you have just completed, draw a picture of land use patterns that you foresee in your neighbourhood after 20 years. Why do you think that land use patterns change over the years?
Answer:
To be done by yourself.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 1

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Geography Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 1 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 1 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Why are resources distributed unequally over the earth?
(ii) What is resource conservation?
(iii) Why are human resources important?
(iv) What is sustainable development?
Answer:
(i) The distribution of resources depends upon number of physical factors and because these factors differ so much over the earth the distribution of the resources get unequal.

(ii) Resource conservation is a process of using the resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed.

(iii) People are human resources and people are the one on this earth who can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have knowledge, skill and the technology to do so. That is why, the human resources are important.

(iv) Sustainable development is a concept of balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future. In other sense, it is careful utilisation of the resources in taking care of its future needs.

Question 2
Tick the correct answer
(i) Which one of the following does not make substance a resource?
(a) Utility
(b) Value
(c) Quantity
Answer:
(c) Quantity

(ii) Which one of the following is a human made resource?
(a) Medicines to treat cancer
(b) Spring water
(c) Tropical forests
Answer:
(a) Medicines to treat cancer

(iii) Complete the statement.
Biotic resources are
(a) derived from living things.
(b) made by human beings.
(c) derived from non-living things.
Answer:
(a) derived from living things.

Question 3.
Differentiate between the following.
(a) Potential and Actual resources
(b) Ubiquitous and Localised resources
Answer:
(a) Difference between Potential and Actual resources:

(b) Difference between ubiquitous and localised resources:

Question 4.
Activity
“Rahiman paani raakhiye,
Bin paani sab soon.
Paani gaye na ubere Moti, manus, choon…”
[Says Rahim, keep water, as without water there is nothing. Without water pearl, swan and dough cannot exist.]
These lines were written by the poet Abdur Rahim Khankhana, one of the nine gems of Akbar’s court. What kind of resource is the poet referring to? Write in 100 words what would happen if this resource disappeared?
Answer:
The poet of refering to the water resource. According to the poet, the water is the most essential and life surviving resource present on this earth. Without water the survival of anything on this earth is not possible at all and if there will be no survival, everything and every point on this earth will become empty and zero presence of anything would be seen or witnessed on this earth. So if this resource would disappear from this world, there would be no existence of pearl, swan and dough used symbolically in the poet’s poem for explaining the importance of water.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Democratic Rights Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Democratic Rights familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Democratic Rights Class 9 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 6

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Civics Chapter 6 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Civics Chapter 6 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Democratic Rights NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
If you were a Serb, would you support what Milosevic did in Kosovo? Do you think his project of establishing Serb dominance was god for the Serbs?
Answer:
No, I would not support the actions of Milosevic in Kosovo because he wanted to suppress the Kosovo Albanians. Milosevic was narrow-minded Serb nationalist who after winning the election started ill- treating ethnic minorities like Albanians in Kosovo. Thousands of Albanians were massacred by the army of their own country, working under the direction of a leader (Milosevic) who came to power through democratic elections. This was one of the worst instances of killings based on ethnic prejudices in recent times. Ultimately Milosevic lost power and was tried by the International Court of Justice for crimes against humanity.

Question 2.
What are the examples of elected governments not protecting or even attacking the rights of their own citizens? Why do they do that?
Answer:
Such examples are:

• Ethnic massacre of thousands of Albanians in Kosovo
• Rule of PRI party in Mexico
• Rule of Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe
• Apartheid policy in South Africa

These rulers came in power through democratic elections but they did not follow democratic rules and regulations. Once they held power, they made the people their slaves who had no right to oppose such governments.

Question 3.
Everyone knows that the rich can have better lawyers in the courts. What is the point in talking about equality before law?
Answer:
The rich can have better lawyers in the courts but this does not mean that the rule of law will be ignored. Our Constitution says that the government shall not deny to any person in India equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws. It means that the laws apply in the same manner to all, regardless of a person’s status. Being rich or having better lawyers does not mean that equality of law also changes. The law is the same for all. There cannot be any distinction between a rich person and an ordinary citizen.

Question 4.
Should the freedom of expression be extended to those who are spreading wrong and narrow¬minded ideas? Should they be allowed to confuse the public?
Answer:
The freedom of expression does not mean that we can say whatever we like against anyone without genuine ground. No one is allowed to use this freedom to instigate violence against others. No one can use it to incite people to rebel against government. In view of the above facts we can clearly say that the freedom of expression should not be extended to those who are spreading wrong and narrow minded ideas. They should not be allowed to confuse the public in any way.

Question 5.
Are these cases instances of violation of right to freedom? If yes, which Constitutional provision does each of these violate?
Answer:
(a) The government of India banned Salman Rushdie’s book Satami Verses on the ground that it was disrespectful to Prophet Mohammed and was likely to hurt the feelings of Muslim community.

(b) Every film has to be approved by the Censor Board of the government before it can be shown to the public. But there is no such restriction if the same story is published in a book or a magazine.

(c) The government is considering a proposal that there will be industrial zones or sections of economy where workers will not be allowed to form unions or go on strike.

(d) City administration has imposed a ban on use of public microphones after 10 p.m. in view of the approaching secondary school examinations

• This violates the right to freedom of thought and expression.
• This violates the right to freedom of thought and expression.
• This violates the right to freedom to form associations and unions.
• This does not violate the right to freedom because the Constitution guarantees freedom to a group of people as long as that freedom does not affect or hamper any other freedom of anyone else. Such a ban can be imposed in the larger interests of the people.

Question 6.
The Constitution does not give people their religion. Then how can it give people the right to practise their religion?
Answer:
The Constitution contains principles that are meant for the welfare of its citizens. It therefore provides conditions to the citizens so that they can follow and practise their religion with freedom.

Question 7.
Can the President of India stop you from approaching the Supreme Court to secure your fundamental rights?
Answer:
No, the President of India cannot stop me from approaching the Supreme Court to secure my fundamental rights. The fundamental rights have been granted to us by the Constitution and they are enforceable. If any of our rights are violated we can seek remedy through courts. No body can stop us from doing so.

Question 8.
Are these rights only for adults? Which of these rights are available to children?
Answer:
Right to Education—The governments are responsible for providing free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of 14 years.

Civics Class 9 Chapter 6 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right?
(а) Workers from Bihar go to the Punjab to work on the farms.
(б) Christian missions setup a chain of missionary schools.
(c) Men and women government employees get the same salary.
(d) Parents’ property is inherited by their children.
Answer:
(d) Parents’ property is inherited by their children.

Question 2.
Which of the following freedoms is not available to an Indian citizen?
Answer:
(а) Freedom to criticise the government.
(b) Freedom to participate in armed revolution.
(c) Freedom to start a movement to change the government
(d) Freedom to oppose the central values of the Constitution.
Answer:
(b) (c) and (d)

Question 3.
Which of the following rights is available under the Indian Constitution?
(a) Right to work
(b) Right to adequate livelihood
(c) Right to protect one’s culture
(d) Right to privacy
Answer:
(c) Right to protect one’s culture

Question 4.
Name the Fundamental Right under which each of the following rights falls:
(a) Right to propagate one’s religion
(b) Right to life
(c) Abolition of untouchability
(d) Ban on bonded labour
Answer:
(a) Right to freedom of religion
(b) Right to freedom
(c) Right to equality
(d) Right against exploitation

Question 5.
Which of these statements about the relationship between democracy and rights is more valid? Give reasons for your preference.
(а) Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens.
(b) Every country that gives rights to its citizens is a democracy.
(c) Giving rights is good, but it is not necessary for a democracy.
Answer:
(а) Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens.

Reason: Rights are necessary for the very existence of a democracy. In a democracy every citizen has to have the right to vote and the right to be elected top government. For democratic elections to take place, it is necessary that citizens should have the right to express their opinion, form political parties and take part in political activities.

Question 6.
Are these restrictions on the right to freedom justified? Give reasons for your answer.
(a) Indian citizens need permission to visit some border areas of the country for reasons of security.
(b)Outsiders are not allowed to buy property in some areas to protect the interest of the local population
(c) The government bans the publication of a book that can go against the ruling party in the next
elections.
Answer:
(a) This restriction is fully justified. Our Constitution, no doubt, grants us the freedom to move freely anywhere in the country but due to security reasons some areas are restricted. Our movement in these areas can prove dangerous for ourselves as well as for the security of our country.

(b) This restriction is partly justified if not fully to maintain the cultural and ethnic identify of local population.

(c) This restriction is not justified in any way because it violates our freedom of speech and expression which is an important Fundamental Right.

Question 7.
Manoj went to a college to apply for admission into an MBA course, the clerk refused to take his application and said “ You, the son of a sweeper, wish to be a manager! Has anyone done this job in your community? Go to the municipality office and apply for a sweeper’s position”. Which of Manoj’s fundamental rights are being violated in this instance? Spell these out in a letter from Manoj to the district collector.
Answer:
In this instance Manoj’s one of the important fundamental rights that is right to equality is being violated. According to this every citizen of India is equal before the law. It means that the laws apply in the same manner to all, regardless of a person’s status. The same principal applies to public jobs. All citizens have equality of opportunity in matters relating to employment or appointment to any position in the government. Our Constitution entitles no one to snatch this right from anyone. If Manoj, in spite of being a sweeper’s son, wants to apply for admission into an MBA course, it is his choice. No one can stop him from doing this.

Question 8.
When Madhurima went to the property registration office, the Registrar told her, “ You can’t write your name as Madhurima Banerjee d/o A.K. Banerjee. You are married, so you must give your husband’s name. Your husband’s surname is Rao. So your name should be changed to Madhurima Rao” she did not agree. She said, “ If my husband’s name has not changed after marriage, why should mine?” In your opinion who is right in this dispute? And why?
Answer:
In this dispute, Madhurima is right. The Registrar has no right to interfere in her personal affairs. By doing this he is violating her right to freedom. Adoption of husband’s surname totally depends upon his wife’s wishes. If she wants to stocks to her father’s surname, no one can force her to adopt her husband’s surname.

Question 9.
Thousands of tribals and other forest dwellers gathered at Piparia in Hoshangabad district in Madhya Pradesh to protest against their proposed displacement from the Satpura National Park, Bori Wildlife Sanctuary and Panchmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary. They argue that such a displacement is an attack on their livelihood and beliefs. Government claims that their displacement is essential for the development of the area and for protection of wildlife. Write a petition on behalf of the forest dwellers to the NHRC, a response from the government and a report of the NHRC on this matter.
Answer:
A petition to the NHRC: We are the tribals of the Satpura National Park, Bori Wildlife Sanctuary and Panchmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary. We have been living here for years. The forest is our home. Our life is nothing of we are displaced from here. We are poor people earning livelihood from the forests. Recently, an order from the Madhya Pradesh Government came to us for the displacement.

The government claims that our displacement is essential for the development of the area and for the protection of wildlife. But the government didn’t think about us. We are shocked. What can we do if we are forced to go away from the forest. Such a displacement is an attack on our livelihood and beliefs. We should not be treated in this way. Development of any kind should not occur on the cost of a community’s displacement.

A response from the government: We would like to appeal to you all that you should not get upset due to our decision. Your welfare is our responsibility. We won’t leave you in lurch. You will be rehabilitated and will be given enough compensation for your livelihood. Sometimes we have to take such hard decisions for the sake of a larger benefit. We appeal to you to understand our position.

A report of the NHRC: The NHRC gave its report on the proposed displacement of the tribals and the forest dwellers from the wildlife parks and sanctuaries located in the state of Madhya Pradesh.

It said that these tribals and forest dwellers have lived in the forests since ages and earned their livelihood from the forests. Their life is totally dependent on the forests. They are not a threat to the flora and fauna. Rather, they Eire great protectors of forests. So they should not be displaced from there. The government should allow them to live in the forests as a part of the forest.

Question 10.
Draw a web interconnecting different rights discussed in this chapter. For example right to freedom of movement is connected to the freedom of occupation. One reason for this is that freedom of movement enables a person to go to place of work within one’s village or city or to another village, city or state. Similarly this right can be used for pilgrimage, connected with freedom to follow one’s religion. Draw a circle for each right and mark arrows that show connection between or among different rights. For each arrow, give an example that shows the linkage.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Democratic Rights PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Air Class 7 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Air familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Air Class 7 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 4

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 7 SST Geography Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 7 Geography Chapter 4 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is atmosphere?
(ii) Which two gases make the bulk of the atmosphere?
(iii) Which gas creates greenhouse effect in the atmosphere?
(iv) What is weather?
(v) Name three types of rainfall.
(vi) What is air pressure?

Answer:
(i) Our earth is surrounded by a huge blanket of air called atmosphere. All living beings on this earth depend on the atmosphere for their survival.
(ii) Nitrogen and Oxygen make the bulk of the atmosphere. The amount of both gases together is 99% in the atmosphere.
(iii) Carbon dioxide gas creates greenhouse effect in the atmosphere.
(iv) Hour-to-hour, day-to-day condition of the atmosphere is called weather.
(v) Three types of rainfall are:

• Convectional rainfall
• Orographic rainfall
• Cyclonic rainfall

(vi) The pressure exerted by the weight of air on the earth’s surface is known as air pressure.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which of the following gases protects us from harmful sun rays?
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Ozone
Answer:
(c) Ozone

(ii) The most important layer of the atmosphere is:
(a) Troposphere
(b) Thermosphere
(c) Mesosphere
Answer:
(a) Troposphere

(iii) Which of the following layers of the atmosphere is free from clouds?
(a) Troposphere
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Mesosphere
Answer:
(b) Stratosphere

(iv) As we go up the layers of the atmosphere, the pressure:
(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) Remains the same
Answer:
(b) Decreases

(v) When precipitation comes down to the earth in the liquid form:
(a) Cloud
(b) Rain
(c) Snow
Answer:
(b) Rain

Question 3.
Match the following.

Answer:
1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (a)
4. (b)

Question 4.
Give Reasons.
Answer:
(i) Wet clothes take longer time to dry on a humid day.
(ii) Amount of insolation decreases from equator towards poles.

Answer:
(i) On a humid day, evaporation from wet clothes takes place slowly due to low temperature. Hence, wet clothes take longer time to dry on a humid day.
(ii) Insolation comes through vertical rays on equator. As we go up from equator towards poles, the sun rays become slanting. The slanting rays take up more space; the degree of hotness is felt less. Hence the amount of insolation decreases from equator towards poles.

Question 5.
For fun.
(i) Solve this Crossword puzzle with the help of given clues:

Hints

1. Humidity
2. Cloud
3. Loo
4. Weather
5. Rain
6. Peepal
7. Atmosphere
8. Carbon Dioxide
9. Barometer
10. Insolation
11. Exosphere
12. Air
13. Fog
14. Oxygen
15. Wind
16. Neem
17. Noon
18. Ozone
19. Cyclone

(ii) Make a weather calendar for one week. Use pictures or symbols to show different types of weather. You can use more than one symbol in a day, if the weather changes. For example, the sun comes out when rain stops. An example is given below:

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Air PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Working of Institutions Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Working of Institutions familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Working of Institutions Class 9 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 5

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Civics Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Civics Chapter 5 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Working of Institutions NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Is every Office Memorandum a major political decision? If not, what made this one different?
Answer:
No, every Office Memorandum is not a major political decision. This Office Memorandum was different because it was related to reservation for the Socially and Economically Backward Classes or SEBC in government services and so affected all sections of the society positively or negatively. The government issues hundreds of orders everyday on different matters. But this one was very important and became a source of controversy for several years. It led to widespread protests and counter-protests, some of which were violent.

Question 2.
Now I can see clearly! That is why they talk of Mandalisation of politics. Don’t they?
Answer:
For several years, many parliamentarians and parties kept demanding the implementation of the Mandal Commission’s recommendations. Then in 1989 came the Lok Sabha Election. The Janata Dal in its election manifesto promised that if voted to power, it would implement the Commission’s report. The Mandalisation of politics took place with this announcement and voting was greatly influenced by the Commission’s Report.

Question 3.
Who did what in this case of reservations for backward classes?
(i) Supreme Court – Made formal announcement about this decision
(ii) Cabinet – Implemented the decision by issuing an order
(iii) President – Took the decision to give 27% job reservations
(iv) Government officials – Upheld reservations as valid
Answer:
(i) Supreme Court – Upheld reservations as valid
(ii) Cabinet – Took the decision to give 27% job reservations
(iii) President – Made formal announcement about this decision
(iv) Government officials – Implemented the decision by issuing an order

Question 4.
Which institutions are at work in the running of your school? Would it be better if one person alone took all the decisions regarding management of your school?
Answer:
The school’s administrative office, departments like library, sports department, medical room and teachers, etc are various institutions that perform different functions under the supreme guidance of the school principal.

It would be a blunder if one person above takes all the decision’s regarding the management of any school. We know a large number of activities are going on all the time. It is not possible for one person to take proper decisions on all issues. Also, it would be difficult to run the school properly if it is a one-man industry. Above all, that is not the spirit of democracy.

Question 5.
When the Parliament is in session, there is a special programme every day on Doordarshan about the proceedings in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Watch the proceedings or read about it in the newspapers and note the following:
(a) Powers of the two Houses of Parliament
(b) Role of the Speaker
(c) Role of the Opposition
Answer:
(a) Powers of the two houses of Parliament: Since the Lok Sabha members are directly elected by . the people of the country, so they are the final voices in the passing of any laws. On the other hand, the Rajya Sabha members are usually elected indirectly and therefore they function mostly in an advisory capacity. However, the consent of both houses is needed for passing any bill, making a law, or making amendments in the Constitution.

(b) Role of the Speaker: The members of the parliament elect the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from among themselves after the elections. The Speaker is generally from the ruling party but is supposed to act in an impartial manner. He supervises the proceedings of the Lok Sabha and maintains order in the House. He also supervises Parliamentary Committees.

(c) Role of the Opposition: The main function of the opposition is to keep an eye on the ruling party so that it functions in a proper way. The opposition is supposed to point out the mistakes done by the ruling party and pressurize it to correct them.

Question 6.
What is the point in having so much debate and discussion in the Parliament when we know that the view of the ruling party is going to prevail?
Answer:
It is right that the view of the ruling party usually prevails in the parliament but this does not mean that we should stop debates and discussions. Debates and discussions help to bring out the positive and negative aspects of a certain issue. This makes it easy for the ruling party to adopt the positive aspects and ignore the negative ones. Any bill passed in this way is supposed to be perfect.

Question 7.
List the names of five Cabinet Ministers and their ministries each at the Union level and in your state. Meet the Mayor or Municipal Chairperson of your town or the President of Zila Parishad of your district and ask him or her about how the city, town or district is administered.
Answer:
Names of five Cabinet Ministers and their Ministries at the Union level.

Question 8.
Why does this book refer to the President as ‘she’? Have we ever had a woman president in our country?
Answer:
This book refers to the President as ‘She’ to show that even a woman can occupy the highest office in the country. This is a way to encourage woman empowerment. Yes, we have had a woman President in our country. Her name is Pratibha Patil.

Question 9.
Did you protest when the book referred to the Prime Minister as ‘he’? Have we not had a woman Prime Minister? Why should we assume that all the important positions are held by men?
Answer:
I didn’t protest because our present Prime Minister is a male person and therefore the book referred to the Prime minister as ‘he’. Yes, we had Indira Gandhi as a woman prime minister.

India has been a male-dominating country where all the important positions have always been held by men from generations. It is another matter that nowadays spread of education among women has brought them in the mainstream and they too have started occupying important offices. Still the gap between the two genders is wide which needs to be bridged up.

Question 10.
What is better for a democracy: A Prime Minister who can do whatever he wishes or a Prime Minister who needs to consult other leaders and parties?
Answer:
If a Prime Minister is free to do whatever he wishes, there is a high possibility that he might develop dictatorial attitude which is a great danger for a democracy. On the other hand, if a Prime Minister takes decisions by consulting other leaders and parties, it will strengthen democracy and will also help in the smooth running of the government.

Question 11.
Why are people allowed to go to courts against the government’s decisions?
Answer:
Sometimes,the actions of the government or a law passed by the government might hurt the public interest or might be against the spirit of the Constitution. In such a situation, people can approach the court to get justice.

Question 12.
Give one reason each to argue that Indian judiciary is independent with respect to:
(i) Appointment of judges
(ii) Removal of judges:
(iii) Powers of the judiciary:
Answer:
(i) Appointment of Judges: The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister and in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. In practice it now means that the senior judges of the Supreme Court select the new judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts. There is very little scope for interference by the political executive. The senior most judge of the Supreme Court is usually appointed the Chief Justice.

(ii) Removal of judges: Once a person is appointed as judge of the Supreme Court or the High Court it is nearly impossible to remove him/her from that position. A judge can be removed only by an impeachment motion passed separately by two-third members of the two Houses of the Parliament. So, removal of judges cannot be done arbitrarily.

(iii) Powers of the judiciary: The powers of the judiciary is clearly mentioned in the Constitution and they cannot be diluted by the Parliament or by any Presidential order. The Supreme Court and the High Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution of the country. They can declare invalid any law of the legislature or the actions of the executive, whether at the Union level or at the State level if they find such a law or action is against the Constitution.

Civics Class 9 Chapter 5 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
If you are elected as the President of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for recommendation of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the council of Ministers.
Answer:
(c) Ask for recommendation of a bill passed by both the Houses.

Question 2.
Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
(c) Home Ministers
(d) Director General of Police
Answer:
(c) Home Minister

Question 3.
Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution.
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated.
Answer:
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court

Question 4.
Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime minister
(d) The Parliament
(d) The Parliament

Question 5.
Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released:

(a) (iv), (b) (v), (c) (ii), (d) (iii), (e) (i)

Question 6.
Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters.
(a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens.
(b) Considers the recommendation of a Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange.
(c) Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments
(d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake.
Answer:
(a) The Finance Minister
(b) The Parliament
(c) The Supreme Court
(d) The Executive

Question 7.
Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people?
Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve lot of expenditure on election.
The most appropriate answer is:
Answer:
(a) In Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
Reason: This ensures that the Prime Minister secures a majority support. This prevents him/her from being either a puppet or a dictator since he/she has to work together with his council of ministers.

Question 8.
Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?
Answer:
What happens in a film is not always suitable in a real life. In a film a Chief Minister can do wonders in just one day time but in reality it is nearly impossible to do wonders in such a short span. It is not possible to take decisions on the whims of an individual.

Implementation of decisions needs coordination among various organs of the government and a minister is just a part of that system. Making big changes in the state needs sufficient time. It cannot happen overnight. So, I agree with Shankar’s view.

Question 9.
A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Answer:
I would choose the mock Lok Sabha because the members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people and therefore answerable to them. They are empowered to raise the public issues in the Parliament which is very challenging. Besides in the field of legislation, Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.

Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money- related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes in it, which the Lok Sabha is not bound to accept. Even in the passing of non-money bills the position of Lok Sabha is in a better than the Rajya Sabha.

Question 10.
After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions about the role of the judiciary. Which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of judiciary?
(а) Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent.
(b) Anjaiah says that judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court had direct the government to modify it.
(c) Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order.
Answer:
Anjaiah’s view is correct because judiciary is independent of the government. It does not act on the direction of the government or according to the wishes of the party in power.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Working of Institutions PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.