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Political Parties Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Political Parties familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Political Parties Class 10 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 6

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Civics Chapter 6 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Civics Chapter 6 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Political Parties NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Okay, granted that we can’t live without political parties. But tell me on what grounds do people support a political party?
Answer:
(i) People should support parties on the basis of agendas they plan to follow, and their views on national and international politics. People should know how these parties aim to project the country.

(ii) The agendas they plan to follow must be based on collective welfare. There should be special focus on the poor and underprivileged and clear-cut programmes to improve their condition.

(iii) Religious appeasement and caste politics should not be the factors in choosing a party.

Question 2.
Let us apply what we have learnt about party systems to the various states within India. Here are three major types of party systems that exist at the state level. Can you find the names of at least two states for each of these types?
Answer:

• Two-party system
• Multi-party system with two alliances
• Multi-party system
• Two-party system exists in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
• Multi-party system with two alliances exist in Bihar and Tamil Nadu.
• Multi-party system exits in Uttar Pradesh and Kerala.

Question 3.
Why don’t parties give enough tickets to women ? Is that also due to lack of internal democracy?
Answer:
(i) No, it is not due to lack of internal democracy. But it is due to lack of awareness among womenfolk. It is also due to our social set up which encourages women to stay within the four walls of the house.

(ii) Man’s superiority complex is also a big reason that suppresses women’s freedom. Men in general think that they are better than women and women are incapable of politics. They don’t find themselves comfortable to see women in the public domain.

(iii) Such a practice should not continue. Women must be given equal treatment everywhere including politics.

Question 4.
Does this suggest that in democracies people contest elections only to make money? But isn’t it true that there are politicians committed to the well-being of the people?
Answer:
There are many politicians who are corrupt and can go to any extent to serve their selfish needs. They in order to come to power exploit social issues like caste and religion. They persuade people to vote for them and make several promises. But once they come in power they forget what they had promised to their voters. This has become a common feature of our politics. It is unfortunate that very few politicians feel their accountability to their people and concentrate on their welfare.

Civics Class 10 Chapter 6 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.
Answer:
Political parties perform various functions in a democracy. Some of them are

(i) Parties contest elections. In most democracies, elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political parties. Parties select their candidates in different ways. In some countries, such as the USA, members and supporters of a party choose its candidates. In other countries like India, top party leaders choose candidates for contesting elections.

(ii) Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them. Each of us may have different opinions and views on what policies are suitable for the society. But no government can handle such a large variety of views. In a democracy, a large number of similar opinions have to be grouped together to provide a direction in which policies can be formulated by the governments. This is what the parties do.

(iii) Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country. Formally, laws are debated and passed in the legislature. But since most of the members belong to a party they go by the direction of the party leadership, irrespective of their personal opinions.

(iv) Parties form and run governments. The big policy decisions are taken by political executive that comes from the political parties. Parties recruit leaders, train them and then make them ministers to run the government in the way they want.

(v) Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to the parties in power, by voicing different views and criticising government for its failures or wrong policies. Opposition parties also mobilise opposition to the government.

(vi) Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by governments. For an ordinary citizen, it is easy to approach a local party leader than a government officer. That is why, they feel close to parties even when they do not fully trust them.

(v) Parties shape public opinion. They raise and highlight issues.

Question 2.
What are the various challenges faced by political parties?
Answer:
Political parties are facing various challenges
(i) The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties. All over the world there is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top. Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organisational meetings, and do not conduct internal elections regularly. Ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient information on what happens inside the party. As a result, the leaders assume greater power to make decisions in the name of the party. Those who disagree with the decisions or the leadership find it difficult to continue in the party. Personal loyalty to the leader becomes more important than loyalty to the party principles and policies.

(ii) The challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one. Since most political parties do not practise open and transparent procedures for their functioning, there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party. Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of unfair advantage to favour people close to them or even their family members. In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by the members of one family. This is unfair to other members of that party. This is not good for democracy too.

(iii) The growing role of money and muscle power in parties, especially during elections poses a big challenge. Since parties are focussed only on winning elections, they tend to use unfair means to win elections. They tend to nominate only those candidates who have or can raise lots of money. Rich people and companies who give funds to the party tend to have influence on the policies and decisions of the party. In some cases, parties support criminals who can win elections.

(iv) The failure of parties in offering a meaningful choice to the voters is also a big challenge. In order to offer meaningful choice, parties must be significantly different. In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world. Those who want really different policies have no option available to them. Sometimes people cannot even elect very different leaders either, because the same set of leaders keep shifting from one party to another.

Question 3.
Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well.
Answer:
Some reforms to strengthen parties can be suggested-
(i) A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of its members, to follow its own Constitution, to have an independent authority, to act as a judge in case of party disputes, to hold open elections to the highest posts.

(ii) It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number of tickets, about one- third, to women candidates. Similarly, there should be a quota for women in the decision making bodies of the party.

(iii) There should be state funding of elections. The government should give parties money to support their election expenses. This support could be given in kind – petrol, paper, telephone, etc. or it could be given in cash on the basis of the votes secured by the party in the last election.

(iv) People should put pressure on political parties. This can be done through petitions, publicity and agitations. Ordinary citizens, pressure groups and movements and the media can play an important role in this. If political parties feel that they would lose public support by not taking up reforms, they would become more serious about reforms.

(v) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties. The quality of democracy depends on the degree of public participation. The more ordinary citizens take part in politics, the more it will get strengthened.

Question 4.
What is a political party?
Answer:
A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good. Since there can be different views on what is good for all, parties try to persuade people why their policies are better than others. They seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections.

Question 5.
What are the characteristics of a political party?
Answer:
The characteristics of a political party are –

• They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good.
• Since there can be different views on what is good for all, parties try to persuade people why their policies are better than others.
• Parties seek to reflect fundamental political divisions in a society. Parties are about a part of the society and thus involve partisanship.
• A party is known by which part it stands for, which policies it supports and whose interests it upholds.
• A party is comprised of the leaders, the active members, and the followers.

Question 6.
A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a ………..
Answer:
Political party.

Question 7.
Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Answer

Question 8.
Who among the following is the founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party?
A. Kanshi Ram
B. Sahu Maharaj
C. B.R. Ambedkar
D. Jotiba Phule
Answer:
(A) Kanshi Ram

Question 9.
What is the guiding philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party?
A. Bahujan Samaj
B. Revolutionary democracy
C. Integral humanism
D. Modernity
Answer:
(D) Modernity

Question 10.
Consider the following statements on parties.
A. Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people.
B. Parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders.
C. Parties are not necessary to run governments.
D. Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B, and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) A and C
Answer:
(b) A and B

Question 11.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
Muhammad Yunus is a famous economist of Bangladesh. He received several international honours for his efforts to promote economic and social development for the benefit of the poor. He and the Grameen Bank he started jointly, received the Nobel Peace Prize for the 2006. In February 2007, he decided to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. His objective was to foster proper leadership, good governance and build a new Bangladesh. He felt that only a political party different from the traditional ones would bring about new political culture. His party would be democratic from the grassroots level.

The launching of the new party, called Nagarik Shakti (Citizens’ Power), has caused a stir among the Bangladeshis. While many welcomed his decision, some did not like it. “Now 1 think Bangladesh will have a chance to choose between good and bad and eventually have a good government,” said Shahedul Islam, a government official. “That government, we hope, would not only keep itself away from corruption but also make fighting corruption and black money a top priority.”

But leaders of traditional political parties who dominated the country’s politics for decades were apprehensive. “There was no debate (over him) winning the Nobel, but politics is different – very challenging and often controversial,” said a senior leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Some others were highly critical. They asked why he was rushing into politics. “Is he being planted in politics by mentors from outside the country,” asked one political observer.

Do you think Yunus made a right decision to float a new political party?
Do you agree with the statements and fears expressed by various people? How do you want this new party organised to make it different from other parties? If you were the one to begin this political party how would you defend it?
Answer:
Yes, Muhammad Yunus made a right decision to float a new political party.
I also agree with the statement and fears expressed by various people.
The launching of the new party, called Nagarik Shakti (Citizens’ Power) by Muhammad Yunus, a famous economist of Bangladesh, was not liked by leaders of traditional political parties because they feared that the new party might dominate the politics of the country and lessen their influence. They were not in mood to see changes in the political set up of the country.
People in democracy always support the party that works for the welfare of the common mass. They never want corrupt leaders to continue his/her influence.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Political Parties PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Popular Struggles and Movements Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Popular Struggles and Movements Class 10 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 5

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Civics Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Civics Chapter 5 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Popular Struggles and Movements NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Are you suggesting that strike, dharna, bandh and demonstration are good for democracy?
Answer:
These are the tools which empower ordinary citizens to play a role in democracy when the government ignores their needs and aspirations. By involving in these activities, they put pressure on their government to pay attention to their genuine demands. Thus, putting pressure on rulers is not an unhealthy activity in a democracy as long as everyone gets this opportunity. Such activities have deepened democracy to a great extent.

Question 2.
Does it mean that whichever side manages to mobilise a bigger crowd gets away with whatever it wants? Are we saying that ‘Might is Right’ in a democracy?
Answer:
No, it doesn’t mean so. Democracy is not based on the proverb ‘Might is Right’. Instead, it is based on public opinion. Mere mobilising a big crowd does not mean acceptance of demands by the government. These demands must be genuine and associated with mass welfare.

Question 3.
Can you identify the pressure groups functioning in the news clippings given on Textbook page 63? What demand are they making?
Answer:
AITUC, journalists, NGOs, CII, RWAs and Delhi’s traders are pressure groups.
AITUC is demanding pro-American tilt in foreign policy. Journalists are protesting against assault on photographer and are seeking action against the culprit. NGOs are demanding for better drugs to be supplied to the Bhopal gas victims. CII is demanding for the establishment of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) for the growth in trade sector. RWAs are demanding that their problems must be taken into consideration too.Delhi traders are demanding for the assurance of timely refund of VAT dues.

Civics Class 10 Chapter 5 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics?
Answer:
Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics in a variety of ways
(i) They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activities by carrying out information campaigns, organising meetings, filing petitions, etc. Most of these groups try to influence the media into giving more attention to these issues.

(ii) They often organise protest activity like strikes or disrupting government programmes. Workers’organisations, employees’ associations and most of the movement groups often resort to these tactics in order to force the government to take note of their demands.

(iii) Business groups often employ professional lobbyists or sponsor expensive advertisements. Some persons from pressure groups or movement groups may participate in official bodies and committees that offer advice to the government. So far interest groups are concerned, they seek to exert influence on political parties.

(iv) In some instances, the pressure groups are either formed or led by the leaders of political parties or act as extended arms of political parties. For example, most trade unions and students’ organisations in India are either established by, or affiliated to one or the other major political party. Most of the leaders of such pressure groups are usually activists and leaders of the party.

(v) Sometimes political parties grow out of movements. For example, when the Assam movement led by students against the foreigners’ came to an end, it led to the formation of the Asom Gana Parishad.

Question 2.
Describe the forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties.
Answer:
Relationship between pressure groups and political parties can take different forms, sometimes direct, and sometimes indirect.
Direct: Pressure groups are either formed or led by the leaders of political parties or act as extended arms of political parties. For example, most trade unions and students’ organisations in India are either established by, or affiliated to one or the other major political parties.

Sometimes political parties grow out of movements. For example, when the Assam movement led by students against the ‘foreigners’ came to an end, it led to the formation of the Asom Gana Parishad.

Indirect: In most cases the relationship between parties and interest or movement groups is not so direct. They often take positions that are opposed to each other. Yet they are in dialogue and negotiations.

Movement groups have raised new issues that have been taken up by political parties. Most of the new leadership of political parties comes from interest or movement groups.

Question 3.
Explain how the activities of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a democratic government.
Answer:
The activities of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a democratic government in the following ways—
(i) Pressure groups and movements have deepened democracy. Putting pressure on the rulers is a healthy activity in a democracy as long as everyone gets this opportunity.

(ii) Governments can often come under undue pressure from a small group of rich and powerful people. Public interest groups and movements perform a useful role of countering this undue influence and reminding the government of the needs and concerns of the common mass.

Question 4.
What is a pressure group? Give a few examples.
Answer:
A pressure group is an organisation which attempts to influence government policies through protests and demonstrations. These organisations are formed when people with common occupation, interest, aspirations or opinion come together in order to achieve a common objective. Examples: Tobacco-control movement, Narmada Bachao Andolan, Movement for Right to Information,Women’s movement, etc.

Question 5.
What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party?
Answer:

Question 6.
Organisations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers, and lawyers are called ……………………… groups.
Answer:
Sectional

Question 7.
Which among the following is the special feature that distinguishes a pressure group from a political party?
(a) Parties take political stances, while pressure groups do not bother about political issues.
(b) Pressure groups are confined to a few people, while parties involve larger number of people.
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.
(d) Pressure groups do not seek to mobilise people, while parties do.
Answer:
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.

Question 8.
Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Answer:

Question 9.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Answer:

Question 10.
Consider the following statements about pressure groups and parties.
(A) Pressure groups are the organised expression of the interests and views of specific social sections.
(B) Pressure groups take positions on political issues.
(C) All pressure groups are political parties.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) A and C
Answer:
(b) A and B.

Question 11.
Mewat is one of the most backward areas in Haryana. It used to be a part of two districts, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The people of Mewat felt that the area will get better attention if it were to become a separate district. But political parties were indifferent to this sentiment. The demand for a separate district was raised by Mewat Educational and Social Organisation and Mewat Saksharta Samiti in 1996. Later, Mewat Vikas Sabha was founded in 2000 and carried out a series of public awareness campaigns.

This forced both the major parties, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal, to announce their support for the new district before the assembly elections held in February 2005. The new district came into existence in July 2005. In this example what is the relationship that you observe among movement, political parties and the government? Can you think of an example that shows a relationship different from one?
Answer:
From the example of Mewat, we can infer that movements take up issues which are sometimes overlooked or ignored by political parties and try to influence them. For example, the Assam movement which was led by students under the umbrella of the All Assam Students’ Union or AASU. This movement was aimed against the infiltration of foreigners form Bangladesh into Assam.

When the movement came to an end, it led to the formation of Asom Gana Parishad. It contested and won the elections, forming the Government of Assam. Here, we see a political party being formed out of a pressure group.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Gender Religion and Caste Class 10 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 4

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Civics Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Gender Religion and Caste NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mummy always says to outsiders, “I don’t work. I am a housewife”. But I see her working non-stop all the time. If what she does is not work, what else is work?
Answer:
What she does is also work but it is not considered as work in our male-dominated society because it is not connected with earning of money. Most of the time men work less than women but their work is valued because they work outside and earn money. Since money is not involved in the work of the housewives, it is said that they (housewives) don’t work. This mind-set is very old and needs to be changed. Women’s work should be given as much values as the work done by men.

Question 2.
If casteism and communalism are bad, what makes feminism a good thing? Why don’t we oppose all those who divide the society on any lines caste, religion or gender?
Answer:
Feminism does not divide society. It is supposed to be about making sure all women have those rights which men avail, and that all people regardless of gender are treated equally and with respect. Thus, feminism is not just about women. It means the political, social and economic equality of all people.

Question 3.
I am not religious. Why should I bother about communalism and secularism?
Answer:
This is not a right attitude. A responsible citizen of the country cannot think in such a way. Communalism and secularism affect the working of a democracy. Communalism leads to conflicts and violence in the society and thus weakens the foundation of a democratic set up. Secularism, on the other hand, is based on mutual understanding and cooperation and thus, strengthens democracy. We should know about these two aspects because only then we will be able to discourage communialsim and promote secularism.

Question 4.
I don’t care what my caste is. Why are we discussing all this in the textbook? Are we not promoting casteism by talking about caste?
Answer:
Casteism is not good in any way. It has adversely affected our society. Although it is not so prominent today, it has not disappeared completely from contemporary India. By discussing the bad effects of casteism, we can be able to sensitise people in general and find ways to lessen its impact. This is the best way to uproot any age-old evil. If someone thinks that talking about caste is promotion of casteism is not right.

Civics Class 10 Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.
Answer:
Ours is a patriarchal society in which women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression in various ways

(i) The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared with 76 per cent among men. Similarly, a smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies. The reason is that they drop out because parents prefer to spend their resources for their boys’ education rather than spending equally on their sons and daughters.

(ii) The proportion of women among highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. On an average an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day. Yet much of her work is not paid and therefore often not valued.

(iii) In almost all areas of work, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.

(iv) Parents’ preference for sons also undermines girls’ existence. In many parts of India parents do not welcome girl child and find ways to have the girl child aborted before she is born. Such sex- selective abortion has led to a decline in child sex ratio in the country to merely 914.

(v) Women are not safe even within their own home. They are often beaten and harassed by their husbands and thus become prey to domestic violence.

Question 2.
State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
Answer:
Different forms of communal politics are-
(i) The most common expression of communal politics is in everyday beliefs. These involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. Example— Militant religious groups.

(ii) A communal mind aspires for political dominance of one’s own religious community. For those belonging to majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belonging to the minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit. Example— Separatist leaders in Jammu and Kashmir desire to form a separate state.

(iii) Political mobilisation on religious lines is also a form of communal politics. This involves the use of religious symbols and leaders, emotional appeal and fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political domain. Example— Many of our politicians apply this technique to influence voters from major religious communities.

(iv) Communal politics sometimes takes the form of communal violence, riots and massacre.
Example- The riots in India at the time of the partition in 1947, the riots of Gujarat in 2002, in Muzaffarnagar in 2013, etc.

Question 3.
State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Answer:
Caste inequalities have not completely disappeared from contemporary India. Some of the older aspects of caste still continue in the country-

• Even now most people marry within their own caste or tribe. The weekly matrimonial column in various national newspapers shows how people still stick to their caste and community.
• Untouchability has not ended completely, despite constitutional prohibition.
• The caste groups that did not have access to education or were prohibited from acquiring it are still lagging behind.
• Caste continues to be closely linked to economic status. The average economic status of caste groups still follows the old hierarchy.

The upper castes are best off, the Dalits and Adivasis are worst off, and the backward classes are in between. The above facts show that caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

Question 4.
State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
Answer:
If we think that caste alone determines election results in India, it is far from true. Following reasons can be given in favour of this-
(i) No parliamentary constituency in the country has a clear majority of one single caste. So, every candidate and party needs to win the confidence of more than one caste and community to win elections.

(ii) No party wins the votes of all the voters of a caste or community. When people say that a caste is a ‘votebank’ of one party, it usually means that a large proportion of the voters from that caste vote for that party.

(iii) Sometimes many political parties put up candidates from the same caste. Some voters have more than one candidate from their caste while many voters have no candidate from their caste.

(iv) The ruling party and the sitting MPs or MLAs frequently lose elections in our country. That could not have happened if all castes and communities were frozen in their political preferences.

We can conclude that while caste matters in electoral politics, so do many other factors. The voters have strong attachment to political parties which is often stronger than their attachment to their caste or community.

Question 5.
What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
Answer:
In India, the women’s representation in the political field is very low. Their representation in the Lok Sabha is not even 10%. Their share in State Assemblies is less than 5%. It is unfortunate that our country is behind several developing countries of Africa and Latin America. But at the same time it is fortunate that women have one-third seats reserved in the local government bodies. This means that their representation and voice in our democracy have increased.

In the panchayats and municipalities, it is legally binding to fill one-third of the seats by women candidates. As a result of this, we have 10 lakh elected women representatives in the rural and urban local government bodies. Women’s organisations and activists have been demanding a similar reservation at least one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women. Let’s see when their demands are fulfilled.

Question 6.
Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
Answer:
The constitutional provisions that make India a secular state are given below-

• There is no official religion for the Indian state. Our Constitution does not give a special status to any religion.
• The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practise and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
• The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
• At the same time, the Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities. For instance, it bans untouchability.

Question 7.
When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:
(a) Biological difference between men and women
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women
(c) Unequal child sex ratio
(d) Absence of voting rights for women in democracies
Answer:
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women.

Question 8.
In India seats are reserved for women in
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) State legislative assemblies
(c) Cabinets
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies
Answer:
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies

Question 9.
Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that:
(a) One religion is superior to that of others.
(b) People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
(c) Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
(d) State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
Answer:
(c) A and C

Question 10.
Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It
(a) prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
(b) gives official status to one religion.
(c) provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion.
(d) ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.
Answer:
(b) gives official status to one religion.

Question 11.
Social divisions based on are peculiar to India.
Answer:
Caste

Question 12.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:

Answer:

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Democracy and Diversity Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Democracy and Diversity Class 10 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 3

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Civics Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Civics Chapter 3 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Democracy and Diversity NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
I met a group of girls from Pakistan and felt that I had more in common with them than many girls from other parts of my own country. Is this anti-national to feel so?
Answer:
Such a meeting and such a feeling cannot be called anti-national. Similarities in clothes, food habits, languages, cultures, etc. between two people belonging to two different nations do not affect their love and respect for their respective countries. They may feel inclined to each other due to these similarities but their loyalty to their respective nations remains intact.

Question 2.
So, it happens all over the world, even in Europe! I thought it was only in countries like India that we have social divisions. What does the child infer?
Answer:
The child infers that social divisions of one kind or another exist in most countries of the world. Wherever they exist, these divisions are reflected in politics.

Question 3.
So, you are saying that too many small divisions are better than a single big division? Are you also saying that politics is a force of unity?
Answer:
In a democracy, political expression of social divisions is normal and can be healthy. This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the government to attend to these. Expression of various kinds of social divisions in politics often results in their cancelling one another out and thus reducing their intensity. This strengthens a democracy. Unity cannot be forced. It can be brought through mutual understanding. Attempts of forced integration often leads to disintegration.

Civics Class 10 Chapter 3 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.
Answer:
The three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions are-

(i) How people perceive their identities: If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate. It is much easier if the people see that their identities are multiple and are complementary with the national identity. This helps them to stay together in a cordial manner. This is how Indians see their identity- they think of themselves as Indian as well as belonging to a state or a language group or a social or religious community.

(ii) How political leaders raise the demands of any community: It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community. For instance, the demand for ‘only Sinhala’ was at the cost of the interest and identity of the Tamil community in Sri Lanka. This resulted in conflicts and ultimately civil war.

(iii) How the government reacts to demands of different groups: If the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demands of minority community social divisions become less threatening for the country. But if they try to suppress such a demand in the name of national unity, the final result is often quite disastrous. Such attempts at forced integration often leads to disintegration.

Question 2.
When does a social difference become a social division?
Answer:
Social division takes place when some social difference overlaps with other differences. For instance, the difference between the Blacks and Whites become a social division in the US because the Blacks are poor and discriminated against. In our country, Dalits tend to be poor and landless. They often face discrimination. Situations of this kind create social divisions, when one kind of social difference becomes more important than the other and people start feeling that they belong to different communities. In Northern Ireland, social differences of class and religion overlap each other. The Catholics are poor while the Protestants are wealthy. The religious differences are accentuated by such overlap. This results in conflicts between the two religious groups.

Question 3.
How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.
Answer:
A combination of politics and social divisions can be very dangerous. Democracy involves competition among various political parties. Such a competition tends to divide any society. If political parties start competing in terms of some existing social divisions, it can make social divisions into political divisions and lead to conflict, violence or even disintegration of a country. This has happened in many countries. In Yugoslavia, the story did not have a happy ending. Political competition along religious ending ethnic lines resulted in the disintegration of Yugoslavia into six independent countries.

But the combination of politics and social divisions is not disastrous all the time. In a democracy, political expression of social divisions can be healthy. This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the government to attend to these. The system of reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for the socially disadvantaged groups has enabled them to have an adequate share in the decision-making process.

Question 4.
……………….. social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions…………………. social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.
Answer:
Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. Cross-cutting social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.

Question 5.
In dealing with social divisions which one of the following statements is NOT correct about democracy?
(a) Due to political competition in a democracy, social divisions get reflected in politics.
(b) In a democracy, it is possible for communities to voice their grievances in a peaceful manner.
(c) Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity.
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.
Answer:
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.

Question 6.
Consider the following three statements.
A. Social divisions take place when social differences overlap.
B. It is possible that a person can have multiple identities.
C. Social divisions exist in only big countries like India.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) Only C
Answer:
(b) A and B

Question 7.
Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence and select the right answers by using the code given below.
A. But all political expression of social divisions need not be always dangerous.
B. Social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most countries.
C. Parties try to win political support by appealing to social divisions.
D. Some social differences may result in social divisions.
(a) D, B, C, A
(b) D, B, A, C
(c) D, A, C, B
(d) A, B, C, D
Answer:
(a) D, B, C, A

Question 8.
Among the following, which country suffered disintegration due to political fights on the basis of religious and ethnic identities?
(a) Belgium
(b) India
(c) Yugoslavia
(d) Netherlands
Answer:
(c) Yugoslavia

Question 9.
Read the following passage from a famous speech by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963. Which social division is he talking about? What are his aspirations and anxieties? Do you see a relationship between this speech and the incident in Mexico Olympics mentioned in this chapter?
“I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not he judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. Let freedom ring. And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring—when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children—black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics—will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: ‘Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!’ I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal’.”
Answer:
He is talking about racism in the US. He is referring to the segregation policies adopted by the whites towards the coloured people. He aspires for a country where there will be security for all, where racial abuse will not occur, and where everyone will be treated equally regardless of their skin colour. The above speech and the incident at the Mexico Olympics are both part of a movement that wanted to focus on the difficulties faced by the African-American people.

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Federalism Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Federalism familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Federalism Class 10 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 2

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Civics Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Civics Chapter 2 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Federalism NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
If federalism works only in big countries, why did Belgium adopt it?
Answer:
Although Belgium is a small country with a population of a little over one crore, the ethnic composition of the country is very complex. People speak different languages, follow different religions and have different cultures. In such a country, federalism works well. So, Belgium adopted it.

Question 2.
If agriculture and commerce are state subjects, why do we have ministers of agriculture and commerce in the Union cabinet?
Answer:
The ministers of agriculture and commerce in the states work under the guidance of these ministers in the Union Cabinet. Also it is difficult for these ministers in the Union Cabinet to supervise these state subjects from Delhi. Hence, it is wise to decentralise power to obtain the optimum result.

Question 3.
Prime Minister runs the country. Chief Minister runs the state. Logically, then, the chairperson of Zilla Parishad should run the district. Why does the D.M. or Collector administer the district?
Answer:
Chairperson of Zilla Parishad only runs the government and district magistrate supervises the administration. DM is the officer of government and not the head of government. Chairperson is elected whereas District Magistrate is appointed. Their primary duties are to collect tax and keep the district in order.The balance of power gives separate powers, duties and responsibilities to three branches of government i. e., legislature, judiciary and executive.

The executive includes the Prime Minister, Chief Minister and other elected representatives like zilla parishad members. Chairperson of Zilla Parishad is responsible for planning, implementation and monitoring of development programmes like health, housing, education, sanitation, roads, telecoms etc. But he reports to the district collector according to organisational hierarchy. In addition to the efficient implementation of development programmes, DM is also responsible for other critical areas such as law and order, revenue, forest etc.

Civics Class 10 Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Locate the following states on a blank outline political map of India: Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa.
Answer:

Question 2.
Identify and shade three federal countries (other than India) on a blank outline political map of the world.
Answer:

Question 3.
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is differ it from that of Belgium.
Answer:
The similar feature between the two federal countries is that the central government has to share its powers with the state governments. State governments are not subordinate to the central government. The different feature is that in Belgium there is a provision of keeping the number of the Dutch and French-speaking ministers equal in the central government. But in India, there is no such provision. Ministers are not taken in the central government on the basis of caste, religion or language, etc.

Question 4.
What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.
Answer:
Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government. But in a federal system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something. State government has power of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people.

Question 5.
State any two differences between the local government before and after the constitutional amendment in 1992.
Answer:
In 1992, the Constitution was amended to make the local government bodies more powerful and effective.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks.
Since the United States is a
(a) type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are
(b) vis-a-vis the federal government. But India is a
(c) type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the
(d) government has more powers.
Answer:
(a) ‘coming together’
(b) strong
(c) ‘holding together’
(d) central

Question 7.
Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India.
Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions.
Sangeeta: The policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.
Arman: The language-based States have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language. Harish: This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.
Answer:
Of the three reactions, Sangeeta’s is the best in my opinion. The principle of accommodation is undoubtedly the best option in all circumstances. It has strengthened the unity of the country. Example- In India, we speak different languages. So, our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. 21 other languages were recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. The Indian leaders, thus, showed flexible attitude in the language policy. They gave much importance to the country’s unity. Thus, Sri Lanka like situation did not prevail there.

Question 8.
The distinguishing feature of a federal government is:
(a) National government gives some powers to the provincial governments.
(b) Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
(c) Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.
Answer:
(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.

Question 9.
A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given here. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table below.
A. Defence
B. Police
C. Agriculture
D. Education
E. Banking
F. Forests
G. Communications
H. Trade
I. Marriages
Answer:

Question 10.
Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against each. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

Answer:
(d) Local governments – Residuary powers

Question 11.
Match List I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given

Answer:

Question 12.
Consider the following two statements.
A. In a federation the powers of the federal and provincial governments are clearly demarcated.
B. India is a federation because the powers of the Union and State Governments are specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive jurisdiction on their respective subjects.
C. Sri Lanka is a federation because the country is divided into provinces.
D. India is no longer a federation because some powers of the States have been devolved to the local government bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A, C and D
(c) A and B only
(d) B and C only.
Answer:
(c) A and B only

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Power Sharing Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Power Sharing Class 10 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 1

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Civics Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Civics Class 10 Chapter 1 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.
Answer:
Different forms of power sharing in modern democracies are-
(i) Horizontal distribution of power: The division of government into the legislature, executive and judiciary is an example of horizontal distribution of power. In this power sharing arrangement, the different organs of government are placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power.

Each organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions. In a democracy, even though ministers and government officials exercise power, they are responsible to the Parliament or State Assemblies. In the same way, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can put a check on the functioning of executive. This arrangement is based on checks and balances.

(ii) Vertical division of power: If is the sharing of power among governments at different levels— a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. In India, the constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of governments i.e., the Central or Union government and the various state governments. There are certain subjects on which the Union government alone can make laws whereas there are others on which the State governments alone can make laws.

(iii) Power sharing among different social groups: This type of arrangement is meant to give space in the government and administration to diverse social groups who otherwise would feel alienated from the government. This method is used to give minority communities a fair share in power. A good example of this arrangement is the ‘Community government’ in Belgium. This government is elected by people belonging to one language community such as Dutch, French and German-speaking and enjoys power to make decisions on cultural, educational and language-related issues.

(iv) Power sharing between political parties, pressure groups and movements: In a democracy, citizens have the freedom to choose among various contenders for power. In contemporary democracies, this takes the form of competition among different parties. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. Instead it is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Pressure groups and movements also have a share in governmental power. They can either participate in governmental committees or can influence the decision-making process.

Question 2.
State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.
Answer:
Prudential reason: Power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order and maintain social harmony and peace.

Imposing the will of majority community over others is not good because it undermines the unity of the nation. In India, there is a provision of seat reservation in legislatures for the socially weaker sections. This has been done keeping in mind the prudential reason for power sharing.

Moral reason: A moral reason for power sharing is that it upholds the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. A legitimate government is one where citizens acquire a stake in the system through participation. In India, citizens have the power to criticise government policies and decisions. Sometimes they hold protests against such policies and decisions. In this way, they pressurise the government to rethink its policies and change it; if required. This happens in a true democracy.

Question 3.
After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Thomman – Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions.
Mathayi – Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions.
Ouseph – Every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions.
Answer:
Ouseph’s statement is the most logical and I agree to it. Power sharing reduces the possibility of conflict between various groups in the society and strengthens the unity of the nation. Besides, it enables citizens to assess their potential/worth. This results in a good coordination between the government and its citizens.

Question 4.
The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Answer:
This measure is not in keeping with Belgium’s power sharing arrangements. The arrangements seek to maintain peace between the French-speaking and Dutch-speaking communities. By putting a ban on speaking French, the Mayor of Merchtem will give rise to civil unrest. Both the languages should be made acceptable in the town’s schools. The bilingual education system will be a better way to integrate the people of the town.

Question 5.
Read the following passage and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this.
“We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy – in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”
Answer:
Giving power to panchayats is a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would exercise greater control over these schemes. This would definitely eliminate corrupt middlemen.

Question 6.
Different arguments are usually put forth in favour of and against power sharing. Identify those which are in favour of power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below. Power sharing:
A. reduces conflict among different communities
B. decreases the possibility of arbitrariness
C. delays decision making process
D. accommodates diversities
E. increases instability and divisiveness
F. promotes people’s participation in government
G. undermines the unity of a country

Answer:

Question 7.
Consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka.
A. In Belgium, the Dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French-speaking community.
B. In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala- speaking majority.
C. The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharing to protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.
D. The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Answer:
(d) B, C and D.

Question 8.
Match List I (forms of power-sharing) with List-II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists:

Answer:

Question 9.
Consider the following two statements on power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below:
A. Power sharing is good for democracy.
B. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.Which of these statements are true and false?

Answer:
(b) Both A and B are true.

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