Author name: Prasanna

Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 7

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Geography Chapter 7 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Lifelines of National Economy NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why is air travel preferred in the north-eastern states?
Answer:
Air travel can easily cover difficult terrain present in the north-eastern states of India like big and wide rivers, dissected relief, dense forest and frequent floods and international frontiers.

Question 2.
Find out the names of the countries connected by Indian Airlines.
Answer:
Before it was merged with Air India in 2007, Indian Airlines covered the following countries

• Nepal
• Bhutan
• Pakistan
• Bangladesh
• Thailand
• Malaysia
• Singapore
• Sri Lanka
• Kuwait
• Qatar
• UAE

Geography Class 10 Chapter 7 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions

(i) Which two of the following extreme locations are connected by the east-west corridor?
(a) Mumbai and Nagpur
(b) Silchar and Porbandar
(c) Mumbai and Kolkata
(d) Nagpur and Siligudi
Answer:
(b) Roadways

(ii) Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays?
(a) Railways
(b) Roadways
(c) Pipelone
(d) Waterways
Answer:
(d) Waterways

(iii) Which one of the following states is not connected with the H.V. J. pipeline?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Gujarat
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra

(iv) Which one of the following ports is the deepest land-locked and well-protected port along the east coast?
(a) Chennai
(b) Paradwip
(c) Tuticorin
(d) Vishakhapatnam
Answer:
(d) Vishakhapatnam

(v) Which one of the following is the most important modes of transportation in India?
(a) Pipeline
(b) Railways
(c) Roadways
(d) Airways
Answer:
(b) Railways

(vi) Which one of the following terms is used to describe trade between two or more countries?
(a) Internal trade
(b) International trade
(c) External trade
(d) Local trade
Answer:
(b) International trade

Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) State any three merits of roadways.
Answer:
(a) Roads can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.
(b) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.
(c) It provides door-to-door service.

(ii) Where and why is rail transport the most convenient means of transportation?
Answer:
Rail transport is the most convenient means of transportation in the northern plains of India. These plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provide the most favourable condition for the growth of railways.

(iii) What is the significance of the border roads?
Answer:
The border roads are major road links along the frontiers of our country. These roads are of strategic importance. They have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain mainly in the northern and northeastern border areas. They have also helped in the economic development of these areas.

(iv) What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?
Answer:
The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade. Trade between two countries is called international trade. It may take place through sea, air or land routes. So far local trade is concerned, it is carried in cities, towns and villages.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Why are the means of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?
OR
Examine with example the role of means of transport and communication in making our life prosperous and comfortable.
Answer:
The means of transportation and communication are complementary to each other and are considered the lifelines of a nation and its economy due to the following reasons

• The means of transportation and communication help in the production and movement of goods and services.
• Transport helps in the development of communication, various means of communication help us in interacting with each other in all the parts of the world. It has brought the world closer.
• Transport like railways help us in conducting multifarious activities like business, sight seeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances.
• Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, factories and thermal power plants.
• Waterways are the cheapest means of transport and are the most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
• Airways make journey possible in difficult terrains, dreary deserts, dense forest and long oceanic stretches with great ease.

Question 4.
Write a note on the changing nature of the international trade in the last fifteen years.
Answer:

• It is a fact that international trade has undergone a sea change in the last fifteen years.
• Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.
• India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.
• Tourism too has added to India’s upgraded position in international trade. In 2004, there was 23.5% increase in foreign tourist arrivals as against the number in 2003.

Activity
Start your search vertically, horizontally or diagonally and reach various destinations across the country:

Answer:
Srinagar, Shershah Suri Marg, Chennai, Broadgauge, Kolkata, Mughalsarai

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 6

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Geography Chapter 6 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Manufacturing Industries NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi lay emphasis on spinning yarn and weaving khadi
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi in order to promote swadeshi goods encouraged the people to spin yarn and weave khadi. During the colonial period, the British had uprooted the Indian textile industries by replacing them with the British mill-made goods especially the textiles. This adversely affected the weavers. They lost their livelihood due to the closure of several Indian handloom industries. So, Gandhiji encouraged Indians to spin yam and weave khadi. This served twin purposes – it spread nationalism and provided work to poor artisans and weavers.

Question 2.
Why is it important for our country to keep the mill sector loomage lower than powerloom and handloom?
Answer:
It is because powerlooms and handlooms are the tools of the poor artisans and weavers in India with which they earn their livelihood. If the mill sector loomage is encouraged, it will affect them adversely. They will lose their livelihood. So keeping the welfare of these poor artisans and weavers in mind, it is important to keep mill sector loomage lower than powerloom and handloom.

Question 3.
Why is it important for us to improve our weaving sector instead of exporting yarn in large quantities?
Answer:
Weaving is highly decentralised to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton, silk, zari, embroidery,etc. India has world class production in spinning, but weaving supplies low quality of fabric as it cannot use much of the high quality yarn produced in the country. Weaving is done by handloom, powerloom and in mills. The handspun khadi provides large scale employment to weavers in their homes as a cottage industry.

Question 4.
Why is the per capita consumption of steel so low in India?
Answer:

• A major portion of population lives in villages. They lead a poor life and therefore, they have less requirement for steel due to its high cost.
• Lack of adequate means of transport makes it difficult to deliver steel in India’s remote areas.
• Lack of infrastructure as a result of which modern and cost effective technologies for steel production are not utilised.
• Most of the steel produced in India is exported. In 2004, the country was the largest exporter of steel which accounted for 2.25 percent of the global steel trade.

Geography Class 10 Chapter 6 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions
(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Sugar
(d) Jute
Answer:
(b) Cement

(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC
Answer:
(b) SAIL

(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel
Answer:
(a) Aluminium

(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc.
(a) Steel
(b) Aluminium
(c) Electronic
(d) Information technology
Answer:
(c) Electronic

Question 2.
Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.

(i) What is manufacturing?
Answer:
Manufacturing is production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products.
For example, sugar is manufactured from sugarcane, iron and steel from iron ore, etc.

(ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of the industry.
Answer:
(a) Availability of raw material
(b) Availability of water and power supply
(c) Availability of transport facilities

(iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.
Answer:
(a) Availability of labour/specialised labour
(b) Market
(c) Government policies.

(iv) What are basic industries? Give an example.
Answer:
Industries that supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods are called basic or key industries. For example, iron and steel, copper smelting and aluminum smelting etc.

(v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement.
Answer:
(a) Limestone
(b) Silica
(c) Alumina, and
(d) Gypsum

Question 3.
Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity?
Answer:
Integrated steel plants are large which handle everything in one complex from putting together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping. So far mini steel plants are concerned, they are smaller, have electric furnaces, use steel scrap and sponge iron. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications. The industry faces several problems. Some of them are:

• High costs and limited availability of coking coal.
• Lower productivity of labour
• Irregular supply of power
• Poor infrastructure

Liberalisation and foreign direct investment (FDI) have given a boost to the industry with the efforts of private entrepreneurs. There is a need to allocate resources for research and development to produce steel more efficiently.

(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer:
Although industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development, they also cause environmental degradation to a great extent. The increase in pollution of land, water, air and noise due to industries cannot be ignored. Industries are responsible for four types of pollution-air, water, land and noise. The polluting industries also include thermal power plants.

(a) Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Air borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in factories.

(b) Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers.

(c) Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.

(d) Soil and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.

(e) Rainwater percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.

(f) Noise pollution is caused due to industrial and construction activities, factory equipment, machinery, generators, and electric saws and drills.

(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry.
Answer:
The following steps can be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry:
(a) Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.

(b) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.

(c) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases:

• Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
• Secondary treatment by biological process.
• Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.

(d) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.

(e) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories. Machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.

Activity
Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry. The number of letters in each word are hinted in brackets.

Answer:
(i) POWER
(ii) WORKER
(iii) MARKET
(iv) RETAILER
(v) PRODUCT
(vi) MANUFACTURE
(vii) POLLUTION

Project Work
Select one agro-based and one mineral based industry in your area.
(i) What are the raw materials they use?
(ii) What are the other inputs in the process of manufacturing that involve transportation cost?
(iii) Are these factories following environmental norms?
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Activity
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers.

1. Textiles, sugar, vegetable oil and plantation industries deriving raw materials from agriculture are called…
2. The basic raw material for sugar industry.
3. This fibre is also known as the ‘ Golden Fibre’.
4. Iron-ore, coking coal, and limestone are the chief raw materials of this industry.
5. A public sector steel plant located in Chhattisgarh.
6. Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttar Pradesh at this place.
Answer:

1. Agro-based
2. Sugarcane
3. Jute
4. Iron and steel
5. Bhilai
6. Varanasi

Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Classify the following into two groups on the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods.
(i) Oil
(ii) Knitting needles
(iii) Brassware
(iv) Fuse wires
(v) Watches
(vi) Sewing machines
(vii) Ship building
(viii) Electric bulbs
(ix) Paint brushes
(x) Automobiles

Question 2.
Make a list of all such goods made of steel that you can think of.
Answer:

• Utensils (glass, bowls, dishes, etc.)
• Tools (screw driver, stapler, etc.)
• Gates
• Paper clips, staples, rulers, and file cabinets
• Automobiles, trains and ships
• Surgical equipments
• Major appliances (washing machines, refrigerators, etc.)
• Cutlery sets.

Question 3.
Where would it be economically viable to set up the cement manufacturing units?
Answer:
The cement industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. Therefore, this industry should be set up close to the areas where such minerals are found. This would reduce the cost of transportation of these materials. Apart from rail transportation regular availability of electric power is also taken into consideration while setting up the cement manufacturing units.

Question 4.
Find out where the cement manufacturing plants are located in other states of India. Find their names.
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 5

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Geography Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Minerals and Energy Resources NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

(Dig a Little Deeper)
Question 1.
Find out how many minerals are used to make a light bulb?
Answer:
Minerals used to make different parts of a light bulb are-
Parts of a light bulb – Minerals used

• Filament – tungsten
• Bulb – glass
• Connecting wires – copper
• Metallic part of body – aluminium

Question 2.
Collect ‘nutritional facts’ printed on food labels.
Answer:
A sample of nutritional facts printed on a packet of salty biscuits (Patanjali Jeera Bites) is given below:

Question 3.
What is the difference between an open-pit mine, a quarry and an underground mine with shafts?
Answer:

Question 4.
Superimpose the maps showing distribution of iron ore, manganese, coal and iron and steel industry. Do you see any correlation? Why?
Answer:
The iron and steel industries are located in the same regions of India where the iron ore, coal and manganese mines are located. As coal and manganese are required as inputs to the iron and steel industry, their availability in the same region saves on transportation costs as well as on ease of availability. Thus, it is profitable to locate these industries in the regions where these minerals are found.

Question 5.
Locate the mines of bauxite on the physical map of India.
Answer:

Question 6.
Study the maps to explain why Chota Nagpur is a storehouse of minerals.
Answer:
Chota Nagpur is a storehouse of minerals because of the following reasons

• About 40% of iron ore in India is found in this region.
• About 50% of manganese in India is found in this region.
• Almost 60% of copper and the same percentage of bauxite in India are found here.
• Coal is also available in this area in abundance.
• Other minerals found in this region are limestone, zinc, lead, etc.

Question 7.
Make a list of items where substitutes are being used instead of minerals. Where are these substitutes obtained from?
Answer:
Natural gas and oil may be the substitute of coal. Wood or plastic may be substitute of steel, iron and copper.

Geography Class 10 Chapter 5 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Choose the correct answer:

(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?
(a) coal
(b) bauxite
(c) gold
(d) zinc
Answer:
(a) coal

(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a) bauxite
(b) mica
(c) iron ore
(d) copper
Answer:
(b) mica

(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a) sedimentary rocks
(b ) metamorphic rocks
(c) igneous rocks
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) sedimentary rocks

(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) oil
(b) uranium
(c) thorium
(d) coal
Answer:
(c) thorium

Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.
(a) ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
(b) conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
Answer:
(a) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals

(b) conventional and non-conventional sources of energy

(ii) What is a mineral?
Answer:
Mineral is a homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure. Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the softest talc.

(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer:
In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes. In most cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid / molten and gaseous forms are forced upwards through cavities towards the earth’s surface. Metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained from veins and lodes.

(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Answer:

• It takes millions of years for the formation of minerals.
• The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption.
• Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable. We can easily infer from the above points that conservation of mineral resources is essential.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer:
In India, coal occurs in rock series of two main geological areas, namely Gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age and in tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old.

• Gondwana coal is located in Damodar valley (West Bengal-Jharkhand). Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro, etc., are important coalfields. The Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits.
• Tertiary coal occurs in the north-eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Answer:
India being a tropical country has great possibilities of tapping solar energy. Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity. Solar energy is becoming popular in rural and remote areas of India fastly. It can help in minimising the dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes. It can also help in conservation of fossil fuels. Adequate supply of manure in agriculture can also be possible, when dependence on dung cakes is minimised.

Activity
Fill the name of the correct mineral in the crossword below:

ACROSS
1. A ferrous mineral (9)
2. Raw material for cement industry (9)
3. Finest iron ore with magnetic properties (9)
4. Highest quality hard coal (10)
5. Aluminium is obtained from this ore (7)
6. Khetri mines are famous for this mineral (6)
7. Formed due to evaporation (6)

DOWN
1. Found in placer deposit (4)
2. Iron ore mined in Bailadila (8)
3. Indispensable for electrical industry (4)
4. Geological Age of coal found in north east India (8)
5. Formed in veins and lodes (3)

ACROSS – DOWN
1. Manganese – 1. Gold
2. Limestone – 2. Hematite
3. Magnetite – 3. Mica
4. Anthracite – 4. Tertiary
5. Bauxite – 5. Tin
6. Copper
7. Gypsum

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Name some river valley projects and write the names of the dams built on these rivers.
Answer:

Question 2.
Collect information about newly established solar power plants in India.
Answer:
The newly established solar power plants in India are-

• Phalodhi (Rajasthan)
• Patapur (Odisha)
• Neemuch (Madhya Pradesh)
• Pokharan, Badma (Rajasthan)

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Agriculture Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Agriculture Class 10 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 4

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Geography Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Agriculture NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Can you name some industries based on agricultural raw material?
Answer:
Cotton, jute, silk, woollen textiles, sugar and edible oil, etc. industries are based on agricultural raw materials.

Question 2.
(a) Can you name the type of farming Rinjha’s family is engaged in?
(b) Can you enlist some crops which are grown in such farming?
Answer:
(a) Rinjha’s family is engaged in ‘slash and burn’ agriculture, also known as primitive subsistence farming. This is the type of farming in which farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their families.
(b) Cereals like bajra and rice as well as vegetables and food crops are grown in such farming.

Question 3.
Can you name some of the states of India where such farming is practised?
Answer:
Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Assam, and other north-eastern states, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, etc.

Question 4.
Can you give some more examples of crops which may be commercial in one region and may provide subsistence in another region?
Answer:
Wheat is a commercial crop in Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh but it is a subsistence crop in Madhya Pradesh and Bihar.

Geography Class 10 Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions Choose the correct option:

(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive Agriculture
Answer:
(b) Plantation Agriculture

(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice
(b) Gram
(c) Millets
(d) Cotton
Answer:
(b) Gram

(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a) Pulses
(b) Millets
(c) Jowar
(d) Sesamum
Answer:
(a) Pulses

(iv) Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop?
(a) Maximum support price
(b) Minimum support price
(c) Moderate support price
(d) Influential support price
Answer:
(b) Minimum support price

Question 2.
Answer the following questions in 30 words.
(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
Answer:
Tea is an important beverage crop.
Geographical conditions required for its growth-

• The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well- drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.
• Tea bushes require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year.
• Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender tea leaves.

(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Answer:

• Rice is an important staple crop of India.
• The regions where it is produced
• Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions. It is produced in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan with the help of canal irrigation.

(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
Answer:
The various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers are-

• Crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease.
• Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.
• Kisan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS).
• Minimum support price.

(iv) The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?
Answer:
It has many serious consequences-

• Shortage of foodgrains
• Rise in price of foodgrains
• Food insecurity
• Bad quality of foodgrains due to use of more and more chemicals in the limited land
• Degradation in the quality of land.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
Answer:
Considering the importance of agriculture in India, the Government of India has made concerted efforts to ensure the increase in agricultural production-
(a) The government gave top priority to collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence.

(b) Land reform was the main focus of our First Five Year Plan. The laws of land reforms were enacted.

(c) The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution or Operation Flood were some of the strategies initiated by the government to improve Indian agriculture.

(d) A comprehensive land development programme was initiated in the 1980s and 1990s which included both institutional and technical reforms. Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, etc., establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interests were some important steps in this direction.

(e) Kisan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) were introduced for the benefit of the farmers.

(f) The government is providing subsidies on agriculture inputs such as fertilisers, power and water.

(f) The government has also announced minimum support price for the benefit of the farmers.

(ii) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
Answer:

• Rice is a kharif crop which requires high temperature, above (25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm. In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation.
• Rich alluvial soils of the floodplains and deltaic regions are ideal for the cultivation of rice.
• Rice cultivation also requires manual labour.

Project Work

Question 1.
Group discussion on the necessity of literacy among farmers.
Answer:
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. The responsibility of agriculture lies upon Indian farmers. They are not only poor economically but also illiterate too. So, the farmers must be given proper education. If they are properly educated, then they will be able to know about the quality of their land, higher varieties of seeds, fertilisers, pesticides and so on. Till time, a lot of farmers still cultivate their land in the old fashioned way. It not only takes more time but lot of efforts too. This is the reason that the farmers are still lagging behind. So they must be made acquainted with the latest technologies and equipment.
If they get properly educated, then they will be able to know about:

• latest equipment and machines that will help in improving agricultural production
• soil conditions whether these are suitable for a particular crop or its nutrients be increased
• fertilisers, high variety seeds, pesticides, etc. for the growth of a crop
• better irrigation facility
• Kisan Credit Cards (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) etc.
• their rights which the government provides to them from time to time.

Question 2.
On an outline map of India show wheat producing areas.

Activity
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers.

1. The two staple food crops of India.
2. This is the summer cropping season of India.
3. Pulses like arhar, moong,gram, urad contain…
4. It is a coarse grain.
5. The two important beverages in India are…
6. One of the four major fibres grown on black soils.

Answer:
1. Wheat and rice
2. Kharif
3. Protein
4. Jowar
5. Tea and Coffee
6. Cotton

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List the items which are made of rubber and are used by us.
Answer:
List of items made of rubber and are used by us:
(i) Footwears
(ii) Belts and hoses
(iii) Latex foam
(iv) Automobile tyres and tubes
(v) Camel back
(vi) Dipped goods
(vii) Cycle tyres and tubes
(vii) Tools and equipment
(ix) Gloves
(x) Erasers

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Water Resources Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Water Resources Class 10 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 3

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Geography Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Water Resources NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
From your everyday experiences, write a short note on how you can conserve water.
Answer:
Water conservation is the only way to overcome the problem of its scarcity.
There are several ways in which we can conserve water:

• Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth.
• Place a cistern displacement device in your toilet cistern to reduce the volume of water used in each flush.
• Use less water in bathing, washing and cleaning.
• Low-cost water harvesting devices should be adopted.
• Every house should have rainwater harvesting system.
• A dropping tap wastes much water. Hence, it should be fixed immediately.
• Taking shorter shower will be encouraged.

Question 2.
Find out other rainwater harvesting systems existing in and around your locality.
Answer:

• Water tanks built at different places in the locality.
• Village ponds that collect ample rainwater.
• Surface runoff harvesting
• Pits made in houses to collect rainwater.

Geography Class 10 Chapter 3 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions
(i) Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.
(a) Region with high annual rainfall
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.

(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multi-purpose river projects?
(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.
(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.

(iii) Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilisation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Rajasthan Canal.
Answer:
(i) (a) Not suffering from water scarcity
(b) Not suffering from water scarcity
(c) Suffering from water scarcity
(d) Not suffering from water scarcity

(ii) (c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

(iii) (a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have caused the over-exploitation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline due to the Rajasthan Canal.

Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.
Answer:
Freshwater is mainly obtained from surface run off and ground water. This water is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle. All water moves within the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is a renewable resource.

(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
Answer:
Water scarcity means shortage of water. It occurs when water availability does not match the demand for water.
The main causes of water scarcity are:

• Large and growing population and consequent greater demands for water, and unequal access to it.
• Ever-increasing number of industries which exert pressure on existing freshwater resources. Industries, apart from being heavy users of water, also require power to run them. Much of this energy comes from hydroelectric power.

(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.
Answer:
Advantages of Multi-purpose river projects:

• They not only help in irrigation but also in electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses.
• They help in flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding.
• They are also associated with the development of agriculture and the village economy.
• Examples – In the Sutluj-Beas river basin, the Bhakra-Nangal project water is being used both for hydel power production and irrigation. Similarly, the Hirakud project in the Mahanadi basin integrates conservation of water with flood control.

Disadvantages of Multi-purpose river projects

• Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic life.
• Multi-purpose projects also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning.
• The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over a period of time.
• They also harm the environment and fertility of soil.
• They also lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 120 words:
(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Answer:
Houses in the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan have traditionally built tanks or tankas JOT stor¬ing drinking water. These tanks are as large as a big room and are a part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system. The tanks are usually constructed inside the main house or the courtyard. They are connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. The rain falling on the rooftops travels down the pipe and is stored in these tanks.

The first spell of rain is usually not collected as this water cleans the roofs and pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers is then collected.The rainwater collected in the tanks is used till the next rainfall making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summers. The rainwater is considered the purest form of natural water. Many houses have built underground rooms adjoining the tanks to beat the summer heat as they keep the room cool.

(ii) Describe how modem adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.
Answer:
In many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being successfully adapted to store and conserve water. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysore, Karnataka, villagers have installed, in their household’s rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. Nearly 200 households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater. Tamil Nadu is the first state in India which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state. There are legal provisions to punish the defaulters.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Resources and Development Class 10 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Resources and Development Class 10 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 1

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 10 SST Geography Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Resources and Development NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Can you identify and name the various items used in making life comfortable in our villages and towns? List the items and name the material used in their making.
Answer:
Yes. There are various items used for making life comfortable in our villages and towns. These items are given below- Villages

• Food obtained from crops and animals.
• Clothes made of cotton, synthetic fibre, wool, silk, etc.
• Houses made of mud, thatch, bamboo, cement, brick, etc.
• Bicycles/bullock carts made of steel, rubber, wood etc.

Towns

• Food obtained from crops and animals.
• Clothes made of cotton, synthetic fibre, wool, silk, etc.
• Houses made of brick, cement, wood, glass, iron-rods, etc.
• Furniture made of wood, steel, rubber, etc.
• Cars and motorcycles made of steel, plastics, brass, etc.
• Fans, Acs, Coolers, etc. made of steel, plastics, copper, etc.
• Refrigerators, TV sets, Mobile phones etc. made of steel, copper, glass, plastics, etc.

Question 2.
Do you know that India has got the right to mine manganese nodules from the bed of the Indian Ocean from that area which lies beyond the exclusive economic zone. Identify some other resources which are international in nature.
Answer:
Minerals and oil in the polar regions of the earth are some other resources which are international in nature.

Question 3.
What resources are being developed in your surroundings by the community/village panchayats/ward level communities with the help of community participation?
Answer:
The resources which are being developed in our surroundings by the community/village panchayats, etc. include biogas, biomass energy, solar energy by setting up solar points and water by digging well or boring tubewells.

Question 4.
Can you name some resource rich but economically backward regions and some resource poor but economically developed regions? Give reasons for such a situation.
Answer:
Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh are rich in mineral resources. Unfortunately these states are not economically advanced.
Some of the reasons are

• These states are populated by tribals. They are mostly uneducated.
• These states remained untouched of industrial development for a long time.
• These regions are not agriculturally suitable due to the relief features.

Mumbai in Maharashtra lacks in natural resources. But it is economically very sound.
Some of the reasons are

• There are several industries here.
• It has a very efficient transportation system.
•  It has several tourist places that attract people from across the world which contribute crores of foreign exchange.

Question 5.
Find out reasons for the low proportion of net sown area in states of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Manipur.
Answer:
Net sown area in these states is low because of the hilly and rocky terrain. Also, large areas of these states are covered by dense forests which cannot be easily converted into cultivable land.

Geography Class 10 Chapter 1 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions
(i) Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable
Answer:
(d) Non-renewable

(ii) Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-recyclable
Answer:
(a) Replenishable

(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over irrigation
(d) Overgrazing
Answer:
(c) Over irrigation

(iv) In which of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?
(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttarakhand
Answer:
(d) Uttarakhand

(v) In which of the following states is black soil found?
(a) Jammu & Kashmir
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand
Answer:
(b) Gujarat

Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Answer:
(i) Gujarat
(ii) Maharashtra
(iii) Madhya Pradesh
Black soil is ideal for growing cotton.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Answer:
Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast. Three main features of this type of soil are-

• This soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay. It is a very fertile soil.
• Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat etc.
• Due to its high fertility, regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Answer:
Following steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas-

• Contour farming
• Terrace farming
• Strip cropping
• Planting lines of trees to create shelters.

(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Answer:

• Biotic Resources: Resources which are obtained from biosphere and have life are called biotic resources.
  For example, human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock, etc.
• Abiotic Resources: Resources which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources.
  For example, rocks and metals.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61?
Answer:
The use of land is determined both by physical and human factors. Physical factors include topography, climate, soil types and human factors include population density, technological capability and culture and traditions, etc. Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq km. This land is primarily divided into cultivable land, forest land, land meant for pasture and grazing and waste land.

Barren and waste land include rocky, arid and desert areas, and land put to non-agricultural uses such as buildings, roads, factories, etc. According to the recent data, about 54% of the total land area is cultivable or fallow, 22.78% is covered by forests and 3.38% is used for grazing. The rest is waste land.

Forest area in India is far lower than the desired 33 percent of geographical area, as it was outlined in the National Forest Policy, 1952.
The following factors are responsible for it:

• Due to industrialisation and urbanisation forests were cut on a large scale.
• Green Revolution brought rapid increase in agricultural production to feed the ever-increasing population but it occurred at the cost of clearance of forests.
• Developmental works and infrastructural facilities also led to deforestation.

(ii) How have technological and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Answer:
Technological and economic development have led to more consumption of resources in the following ways:

• Technological development results in the increase of production which ultimately leads to consumption of more resources.
• Technological development brings economic development. It means rise in the needs of people. When people are economically sound they can afford even the costliest of the costly things. This again results into more consumption of resources.
• Economic development leads to industrialisation and urbanisation which ultimately increase the demand of resources.

Project/Activity

Question 1.
Make a project showing consumption and conservation of resources in your locality.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Have a discussion in the class-how to conserve various resources used in your school.
Answer:
Hints: The following resources may be in use in your school:

• Water resources
• Land resources
• Various man-made resources such as bench, desk, blackboard, duster, etc.
• Human resources such as principal, teacher, peon, etc.

Question 3.
Imagine if oil supplies get exhausted, how will this affect our lifestyle?
Answer:
Our lifestyle would be greatly affected in absence of oil supply. We will start travelling to different places on a bicycle or in a battery-operated vehicle. We will walk on foot if the distance is short.

• Goods and materials will be transported by bullock-carts or horse carts.
• Our life will be paralysed. The pace of development will slow down.

Question 4.
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers.

(i) Natural endowmenta in the form of land. water, vert.atboo and minerals
(ii) A type of non-renewable resource.
(iii) Soil with high water retaining capacity.
(iv) Intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate.
(v) Plantation of trees on a large scale to check soil erosion.
(vi) The (ireat Plains of India are made up of thce soils,
Answer:
(i) Resource
(ii) Minerals
(iii) Black
(iv) Laterite
(v) Afforestation
(vi) Alluvial

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Prepare a list of stock and reserve, resources that you are familiar with from your local area.
Answer:

• Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen which can be used as a rich source of energy. But we do not have the required technology to use them for this purpose. Hence, it can be considered as stock.
• River water can be used for generating hydroelectric power by building a dam. Hence, this is a reserve resource.

Question 2.
Imagine, if the oil supply gets exhausted one day, how would this affect our lifestyle?
Answer:
Our lifestyle would be greatly affected in absence of oil supply. We will start travelling to different places on a bicycle or in a battery-operated vehicle. We will walk on foot if the distance is short.

• Goods and materials will be transported by bullock-carts or horse carts.
• Our life will be paralysed. The pace of development will slow down.

Question 3.
Prepare a list of resources found in your state and also identify the resources that are important but deficient in your state.
Answer:
A number of minerals are found in my state. Some of them are mica, bauxite, coal and iron ore. But my state lacks in resources like petroleum, geothermal energy, and thermal electricity.

Question 4.
Try to do a comparison between the two pie charts (Fig. 1.4), given for land use and find out why the net sown area and the land under forests have changed from 1960-61 to 2008-09 very marginally.
Answer:
From 1960-61 to 2008-09, the NSA (Net Sown Area) has increased marginally from 45.26% to 46.24%. But we see a good increase in the land under forests from 18.11% to 22.78%.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.