The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 MCQ Questions With Answers
Question 1.
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Spinning Jenny | (A) James Watt |
| (ii) Music Book | (B) Richard Arkwright |
| (iii) Steam Engine | (C) E. T. Pauli |
| (iv)Cotton Mill | (D) James Hargreaves |
(A) (i)-(D), (ii)-(C), (iii)-(B), (iv)-(A)
(B) (i)-(C),(ii)-P),(mHA),(iv)-(B)
(C) (i)-(B), (ii)-(A), (iii)-(D), (iv)-(C)
(D) (i)-(D), (iiHC), (ili)-(A), (iv)-(B)
Answer:
(D) (i)-(D), (iiHC), (ili)-(A), (iv)-(B)
Question 2.
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Iron and Steel Plant | (A) Seth Hukumchand |
| (ii) Bengali Industrialist | (B) Dinshaw Petit |
| (iii) Marwari Busi-nessman | (C) J.N. Tata |
| (iv) Parsi Industrialist | (D) Dwarkanath Tagore |
(A) (i)-(D), (ii)-(C), (iii)-(B), (iv)-(A)
(B) (i)-(C), (ii)-(D), (iii)-(A), (iv)-(B)
(C) (i)-(B), (ii)-(A), (iii)-(D), (iv)-(C)
(D)(i)- (D), (iiHC), (iii)-(A), (iv)-(B)
Answer:
(B) (i)-(C), (ii)-(D), (iii)-(A), (iv)-(B)
Question 3.
Arrange the following in the correct sequence:
(i) James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny
(ii) James Watt patented the Steam Engine.
(iii) Richard Arkwright created the First Cotton Mill.
(iv) Mathew Boulton manufactured the new model of Steam Engine.
Options :
(A) (iv) – (i) – (iii) – (ii)
(B) (i) – (iii) – (ii) – (iv)
(C) (h) – (iv) – (i) – (iii)
(D) (iii) – (ii) – (iv) – (i)
Answer:
(B) (i) – (iii) – (ii) – (iv)
Explanation:
(i) James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny in 1764.
(ii) Richard Arkwright created the First Cotton Mill in 1771.
(iii) James Watt patented the Steam Engine in 1781 produced by Newcomen.
(iv) Mathew Boulton manufactured the new model of Steam Engine in 1781.
Question 4.
Arrange the following in the correct sequence:
(i) J. N. Tata set up the first iron and steel plant in Jamshedpur.
(ii) Dwarkanath Tagore set up six j oint stock comp anies in Bengal.
(iii) Seth Hukumchand set up the first jute mill in Calcutta.
(iv) Music Publisher E. T. Pauli produced a music book.
Options:
(A) (iv) – (i) – (ii) – (iii)
(B) (i) – (iv) – (iii) – (ii)
(C) (ii) – (iv) – (i) – (iii)
(D) (iii) – (ii) – (iv) – (i)
Answer:
(C) (ii) – (iv) – (i) – (iii)
Explanation:
(i) Dwarkanath Tagore set up six joint stock companies in Bengal in 1830s and 1840s.
(ii) Music Publisher E. T. Pauli produced a music book in 1900.
(iii) J. N. Tata set up the first iron and steel plant in Jamshedpur in 1912.
(iv) Seth Hukumchand set up the first jute mill in Calcutta in 1917.
Question 5.
Which of the following was a European managing agency?
(A) Tata Iron and Steel Company
(B) Elgin Mill
(C) Andrew Yule
(D) Birla Industries
Answer:
(C) Andrew Yule
Question 6.
From which of the following trade did the early entrepreneur make a fortune ?
(A) Textile trade
(B) China trade
(C) Trade in tea
(D) Share market
Answer:
(B) China trade
Explanation:
Britishers in India began exporting opium to China and took tea from China to England. Many Indians earned through this trade for developing industrial enterprises in India.
Question 7.
Whom did the British Government appoint to supervise weavers, collect supplies and to examine the quality of cloth?
(A) Jobber
(B) Sepoy
(C) Policeman
(D) Gomastha
Answer:
(D) Gomastha
Explanation:
The East India company tried to eliminate the existing cloth traders and brokers and establish a more control over the weaver.
Question 8.
The person who got people from village, ensured them jobs, helped them settle in cities and provided them money in times of need was known as:
(A) Stapler
(B) Fuller
(C) Gomastha
(D) Jobber
Answer:
(D) Jobber
Question 9.
Why were workers in England hostile to machines and new technology?
(A) They did not know how to use these machines.
(B) They feared that they would lose their jobs and livelihood.
(C) The workers were too poor to buy new machines.
(D) They were scared of machines.
Answer:
(B) They feared that they would lose their jobs and livelihood.
Question 10.
Study the picture and answer the question that follows: ‘Dawn of the Century’ produced by E. T. Pauli is what?
(A) a music card
(B) a music album
(C) a music book
(D) a music record
Answer:
(C) a music book
Explanation:
Dawn of the Century, published by E.T. Pauli Music Co. of New York, England in 1900.
Question 11.
Study the picture of the famous Indian Entrepreneur and answer the question that follows :
This is a picture of whom ?
(A) Dwarkanath Tagore
(B) Dinshaw Petit
(C) Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy
(D) Seth Hukumchand
Answer:
(A) Dwarkanath Tagore
Question 12.
Analyze the information given below, considering one of the following correct options:
The abundance of labour in the market affected the lives of workers. As news of possible jobs travelled to the countryside, hundreds tramped to the cities. The actual possibility of getting a job depended on existing networks of friendship and kin relations. If you had a relative or a friend in a factory, you were more likely to get a job quickly. But not everyone had social connections. Many job seekers had to wait weeks, spending nights under bridges or in night shelters. Some stayed in Night Refuges that were set up by private individuals; others went to the casual wards maintained by the Poor Law authorities.
(A) Abundance of labour
(B) Life of the workers
(C) Job seekers
(D) Employment of workers
Answer:
(B) Life of the workers
Question 13.
Analyze the information given below, considering one of the following correct options:
By the late nineteenth century, manufacturers were printing calendars to popularise their products. Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who could not read. They were hung in tea shops and in poor people’s homes just as much as in offices and middle-class apartments. And those who hung the calendars had to see the advertisements, day after day, through the year. In these calendars, once again, we see the figures of Gods being used to sell new products. Like the images of gods, figures of important personages, of emperors and nawabs, adorned advertisement and calendars. The message very often seemed to say: if you respect the royal figure, then respect this product; when the product was being used by kings, or produced under Royal command, its quality could not be questioned.
(A) Use of calendars
(B) Use of advertisements
(C) Use of images
(D) Market for goods
Answer:
(D) Market for goods
Question 14.
Find the incorrect option from the following:
(A) By the beginning of nineteenth century, manu facturers were printing calendars to popularise their products.
(B) Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who could not read.
(C) They were hung in tea shops and in poor people’s homes just as much as in offices and middle-class apartments.
(D) And those hung the calendars had to see the Advertisements, day after day, through the year.
Answer:
(A) By the beginning of nineteenth century, manu facturers were printing calendars to popularise their products.
Explanation:
By the late nineteenth century, manufacturers were printing calendars to popularise their products.
Question 15.
Find the incorrect option from the following:
(A) In most Industrial regions workers came from the districts around.
(B) Peasants and artisans who found no work in the village went to the industrial centres in search of work.
(C) Over 70 percent workers in the Bombay cotton industries in 1911 came from the neighbouring district of Ratnagiri.
(D) While the mills of Kanpur got most of their textile hands from the villages within the district of Kanpur.
Answer:
(C) Over 70 percent workers in the Bombay cotton industries in 1911 came from the neighbouring district of Ratnagiri.
Explanation:
Over 50 percent workers in the Bombay cotton industries in 1911 came from the neighbouring district of Ratnagiri.
Assertion and Reason Based MCQs
Directions: In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is correct but R is wrong.
(D) A is wrong and R is correct.
Question 1.
Assertion (A) : European Managing Agencies, which dominated industrial production in India, were interested in certain kinds of products.
Reason (R) : They established tea and coffee plantations, acquiring land at cheap rates from the Colonial Government; and they invested in mining, indigo and jute.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 2.
Assertion (A): The most dynamic industries in Britain were clearly Cotton and Metals.
Reason (R) : By 1873, Britain was exporting iron and steel worth about £ 77 million, double the value of its cotton export.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Cotton was the leading sector in the first phase of industrialisation up to the 1840s. After that the iron and steel industry led the way in England from the 1840s and in the colonies from the 1860s as the demand for iron and steel increased rapidly.
Question 3.
Assertion (A) : The new emerging industries in England could not replace the traditional industries. ‘
Reason (R): Ordinary and small innovations were the basis of growth in many non -mechanised sectors.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Most of the output was not from the industrialised factories but from domestic units which employed more than 80 percent workforce.
Question 4.
Assertion (A) : There was a lot of opposition to the introduction of Spinning Jenny in the cotton industry.
Reason (R): Invention of machines threatened the employment of many women.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Question 5.
Assertion (A): The ports of Bombay and Calcutta declined.
Reason (R) : As European companies gradually gained power over Indian trade, local merchants start facing loss and exports from Surat and Hooghly ports fell.
Answer:
(D) A is wrong and R is correct.
Explanation:
The Old ports of Surat and Hoogly declined.
Question 6.
Assertion (A) : Certain group of weavers prospered even when being in competition with mill industries.
Reason (R) : Handicrafts people adopt new technology that decline production and pushing up costs excessively.
Answer:
(C) A is correct but R is wrong.
Explanation:
Special handicrafts materials like silk saris were bought by the well-to-do and their demand never decreased.
Case-Based MCQs
I. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the countryside, supplying money peasants and artisans, persuading them to produce for an international market. With the expansion of world trade and the acquisition of colonies in different parts of the world, the demand for goods began growing. But merchants could not expand production within towns. This was because here urban crafts and trade guilds were powerful. These were associations of producers that trained craftspeople, maintained control over production, regulated competition and prices, and restricted the entry of new people into the trade. Rulers granted different guilds the monopoly right to produce and trade in specific products. It was therefore difficult for new merchants to set up business in towns. So they turned to the countryside.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option
Question 1.
Merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the:
(A) Countryside
(B) Cities
(C) Villages
(D) Foreign Countries
Answer:
(A) Countryside
Explanation:
Because the association of traders and manufactures confined the entry of new people. Hence, it was difficult to setup their business for new merchants in towns.
Question 2.
The Merchants persuaded peasants and artisans to produce for:
(A) Local market
(B) State market
(C) International market
(D) National market
Answer:
(C) International market
Explanation:
Merchants set monopoly to produce specific goods, so they persuaded artisans to produce for international market.
Question 3.
With the expansion of World trade, the demand for goods began…………
(A) slowing
(B) growing
(C) falling down
(D) increased
Answer:
(B) growing
Question 4.
Associations of…………….. trained Craftspeople, maintained control over production, regulated competition and prices, and restricted the entry of new people into the trade.
(A) Manufacturers
(B) Customers
(C) Producers
(D) Retailers
Answer:
(C) Producers
II. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Consider the case of the steam engine. James Watt improved the steam engine produced by -Newcomen and patented the new engine in 1781. His industrialist friend Matthew Boulton manufactured the new model. But for years he could find no buyers. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, there were no more than 321 steam engines all over England. Of these, 80 were in cotton industries, nine in wool industries, and the rest in mining, canal works and iron works. Steam engines were not used in any of the other industries till much later in the century. So, even the most powerful new technology that enhanced the productivity of labour manifold was slow to be accepted by industrialists.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
Question 1.
Who invented or produced the first Steam Engine?
(A) James Watt
(B) Isaac Newton
(C) Newcomen
(D) Albert Einstein
Answer:
(C) Newcomen
Question 2.
Who manufactured the new model of Steam Engine?
(A) Matthew Boulton
(B) Newcomen
(C) James Watt
(D) Isaac Newton
Answer:
(A) Matthew Boulton
Question 3.
How many Steam Engines were there at the beginning of the nineteenth century all over the England?
(A) 521
(B) 221
(C) 421
(D) 321
Answer:
(D) 321
Question 4.
Out of 321 Steam Engines, how many were used in Cotton Industries?
(A) 90
(B) 80
(C) 70
(D) 60
Answer:
(B) 80
III. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
A range of products could be produced only with hand labour. Machines were oriented to produce uniforms, standardised goods with intricate designs and specific shapes. In mid-nineteenth century Britain, for instance, 500 varieties of hammers were produced alongwith 45 kind of axes. These required human skill and not mechanical technology. In Victorian Britain, the upper classes – the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie – preferred things produced by hand. Handmade products came to symbolise refinement and class. They were better finished, individually produced, and carefully designed. Machine made goods were for export to the colonies. In countries with labour shortage, industrialists were keen on using mechanical power so that the needed for human labour can be minimised. This was the case in nineteenth-century America. Britain, however, had no problem hiring human hands.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
Question 1
……………. were Standardised products, which were produced for a mass market
(A) Cotton
(B) Uniforms
(C) Wool
(D) Tools
Answer:
(B) Uniforms
Question 2
……………varieties of hammers and………….. kinds of axes were produced in Britain in mid-nineteenth century.
(A) 500,45
(B) 500,55
(C) 300,145
(D) 400,45
Answer:
(A) 500,45
Question 3.
In Victorian Britain, the aristocrats and bourgeoisie belonged to the…………
(A) Priest classes
(B) Lower classes
(C) Upper classes
(D) Middle classes
Answer:
(C) Upper classes
Question 4.
……………. products symbolised refinement and
(A) Machine made
(B) Handmade
(C) Man made
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) Handmad
IV. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
The European companies gradually gained power – first securing a variety of concessions from local courts, then the monopoly rights to trade. This resulted in a decline of the old ports of Surat and Hooghly through which local merchants had operated. Exports from these ports fell dramatically, the credit that had financed the earlier trade began drying up, and the local bankers slowly went bankrupt. In the last years of the seventeenth century, the gross value of trade that passed through Surat had been ? 16 million. By the 1740s it had slumped to ? 3 million.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.
Question 1.
Who secured concessions from local Courts?
(A) The American companies
(B) The European companies
(C) The Asian companies
(D) The Africa companies
Answer:
(B) The European companies
Question 2.
Hooghly and………… were the old Ports.
(A) Surat
(B) Punjab
(C) Central Asia
(D) Persia
Answer:
(A) Surat
Question 3
………. slowly went bankrupt.
(A) Exporters
(B) Dealers
(C) Bankers
(D) Customers
Answer:
(C) Bankers
Question 4.
The gross value of trade that passed through Surat had been
(A)₹ 18 million
(B) ₹ 17 million
(C) ₹ 19 million
(D) ₹ 16 million
Answer:
(D) ₹ 16 million