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India After Independence Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 12
Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 12 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 12 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.
History Class 8 Chapter 12 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers
Let’s Recall
Question 1.
Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.
Answer:
Three problems newly independent India faced:
(i) As a partition of India around 8 million people lost their homes, jobs and lands. These refugees from Pakistan had to be resettled in India.
(ii) There were around 500 princely states which had declared autonomy after the independence and had to be persuaded to join the newly formed India.
(iii) India had great population of approximately around 345 million that was divided on the basis of castes, community, languages, dress and lifestyle etc., that needed to be united as soon as possible.
Question 2.
What was the role of the Planning Commission?
Answer:
Planning Commission was set up in 1950 by the Govt, of India. Planning Commission was aimed at designing and executing suitable policies of economic development for the country.
Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Subjects that were placed on the Union list were ………… and ……………..
(b) Subjects on the Concurrent List were ………… and ……………..
(c) Economic planning by which both the state and the private sector played a role in development was called a…………….. model.
(d) The death of …………….. sparked off such violent protests that the government was forced to give in to the demand for the linguistic state of Andhra.
Answer:
(a) Taxes, defence, foreign affairs
(b) Agriculture & forest
(c) mixed economy
Question 4.
State whether true of false:
(а) At independence, the majority of Indians lived in villages.
(b) The Constituent Assembly was made up of members of the Congress party.
(c) In the first national election only men were allowed to vote.
(d) The Second Five Year Plan focused on the development of heavy industry.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True
Let’s Discuss
Question 5.
What did Dr. Ambedkar mean when he said that “In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality”?
Answer:
Dr. Ambedkar was a visionary leader. Through this sentence “In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality” he was trying to say that through votes in politics, everyone can get equality, but we will remain unequal in social and economic life. Proper distribution of resources and income is necessary to overcome inequality in social and economic life.
Question 6.
After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?
Answer:
After Independence, India was facing another one problem that was the formation of States on the basis of languages. Although the Congress had earlier agreed on this before independence, but later All India Congress Party seemed to have many difficulties in implementing it. The biggest problem was that on the basis of language, the unity and integrity of the country might not be threatened as India was already facing crisis on the basis of Caste, Religion etc. For this reason the leaders of our country like- Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru and Sardar Patel avoided this. Later, on the basis of language, the first State ‘Andhra Pradesh’ was created.
Question 7.
Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.
Answer:
English continued to be used in India after Independence because there was strong opposition of Hindi as a national language in some States.
Therefore, it was only way to continue the English in the various fields of government functioning. However, the constitution has provisioned that States can declare their own language of work including Hindi and English.
Question 8.
How was the economic development of India visualized in the early decades after Independence?
Answer:
When India became independent, the domestic industries had been ruined during the British period. The country had scarcity of food grains. There was unemployment and many more problems all around. After independence Govt, of India formed Planning Commission in 1950. This Commission was responsible to design and execute suitable policies of economic development for the country through the Five Year Plans.
The second Five Year Plan was dedicated to the development of Industries. During this period many Industries were developed. Apart from the activities of Planning Commission our Govt, took decisions gradually in all the fields such as manufacturing, Banking, establishment of various PSEs, Cottage industry etc. Such a way, India has made land marks in the early decades in view of economic development.
Let’s Do
Question 9.
Who was Mira Behn? Find out more about her life and her ideas.
Answer:
Mira Behn was a daughter of British Admiral. Her real name was Madeline Shade. She was very much impressed with Mahatmp. Gandhi and because of this she left England to live and work with Gandhiji. Her life was totally devoted for human development, following up Gandhiji thoughts and to the freedom struggle. In 1982, she was awarded the Padma Vibhushan.
Question 10.
Find out more about the language divisions in Pakistan that led to the creation of the new nation of Bangladesh. How did Bangladesh achieve independence from Pakistan?
Answer:
In 1947, when India divided into India and Pakistan, the Pakistan had two regions- East Pakistan and West Pakistan. This division was on the basis of linguistic majority. The West Pakistan was Urdu speaking region while East Pakistan was Bengali dominated region. There was inferiority complex in the people of Eastern Pakistan and fundamental rights were violated extremely which was led by the Western Pakistan. Gradually, this led great dissatisfaction among them.
The people of East Pakistan began migrating India and this migration became a great challenge for our country. India made efforts to make the situation controlled. India supported the victims of East Pakistani People which resulted war between India and Pakistan. As a result East Pakistan became independent as ‘Bangladesh’ on 16th December, 1971.
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