NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

Climate Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Climate Class 9 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 4

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Geography Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Climate NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why the houses in Rajasthan have thick walls and flat roofs?
Answer:
Rajasthan being a very hot place, people build houses with thick wall that are hard for heat to penetrate. Such walls also help in heat loss during the night, when Rajasthan climate suddenly becomes cold.

Question 2.
Why it is that houses in the Tarai region and in Goa and Mangalore have sloping roofs?
Answer:
The houses in the Tarai region and in Goa and Mangalore have sloping roofs because they get heavy downpour during the rainy season. Sloping roofs make it easy for the rainwater to flow off towards the ground or to a receptive until where water is collected instead of collecting on the rooftop.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

Question 3.
Why houses in Assam are built in stilts?
Answer:
Assam receives heavy downpour during the rainy season. There is always a fair chance of floods. In case of floods the water might get inside the houses, if they are built above the ground level. In order to avert such a situation, people in Assam build houses on stilts.

Question 4.
Why most of the world’s deserts are located in the western margins of continents in the subtropics?
Answer:
It is because the prevailing winds in the tropics are tropical easterly winds, which become dry by the time they reach the western margins of the continents and so bring no rainfall. Thus, the region becomes dry leading to the formation of deserts.

Geography Class 9 Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Choose the correct answer from the four alternative given below:
(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?
(a) Silchar
(b) Mawsynram
(c) Cherrapunji
(d) Guwahati
Answer:
(b) Mawsynram

(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers in known as:
(a) Kaal Baisakhi
(b) Loo
(c) Trade winds
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Loo

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

(iii) Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in north-western part of India?
(a) Cyclonic depression
(b) Retreating monsoon
(c) Western disturbances
(d) Southwest monsoon
Answer:
(c) Western disturbances

(iv) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:
(a) Early May
(b) Early July
(c) Early June
(d) Early August
Answer:
(c) Early June

(v) Which one of the following characteristics the cold weather season in India?
(a) Warm days and warm nights
(b) Warm days and cold nights
(c) Cool days and cold nights
(d) Cold days and warm nights.
Answer:
(b) Warm days and cold nights

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly:

(i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
Answer:
There are six controls that affect the climate of India.
They are:

  • Latitude
  • Altitude
  • Pressure and wind system
  • Distance from the sea
  • Ocean currents
  • Relief features

(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
Answer:
It is because monsoon winds play an important role in the climate of India.

(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?
Answer:
The north-western part of India experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature. In certain places there is a wide difference between day and night temperatures. In the Thar Desert the day temperature may rise to 50°C, and drop down to near 15°C the same night. On the other hand, there is hardly any difference in day and night temperatures in the Andaman and Nicobar islands or in Kerala.

(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?
Answer:
The south-west monsoon winds accounts for rainfall along the Malabar coast.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

(v) What are Jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?
Answer:
Jet streams are a narrow belt of high altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter. A number of separate jet streams have been identified. The most constant are the mid-latitude and the sub tropical jet stream. Jet streams over the India peninsula during the summer affect the monsoon.

The sub-tropical westerly jet stream blows south of the Himalayas, all through the year except in summer. The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country are brought in by this westerly flow. An easterly jet stream called the sub-tropical easterly jet steam blows over peninsular India, approximately over 14°N during the summer months. It affects the coastal regions of the country and is responsible for tropical cyclones during the monsoon as well I as in October-November.

(vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by ‘break’ in monsoon?
Answer:
Monsoons are moisture laden winds from the southwest which bring heavy rainfall to south Asia, in summer. ‘Break’ in monsoon means that the monsoon has alternate wet and dry spells. This means that the monsoon rains take place for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough.

(vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?
Answer:
The seasonal alternation of the wind systems and the associated weather conditions provide a rhythmic cycle of seasons. Monsoon rains are unevenly distributed and typically uncertain. The Indian landscape, plant and animal life, agriculture, the people and their festivities, all revolve around the monsoon. People from all over India eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon. It binds the whole country by providing water which sets all agricultural activities in motion. That is why, the monsoon is considered an unifying bond.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

Question 3.
Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India?
Answer:
(i) The rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India because of the decrease in the moisture of the winds.

(ii) As the moisture bearing winds of the Bay of Bengal branch of the south-west monsoon move further and further inland, the moisture gradually decreases that affects the rainfall which is low when moving towards westwards.

(iii) States like Gujarat and Rajasthan in western India, therefore, receive scanty rainfall.

Question 4.
Give reasons as to why.
(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes places over the Indian subcontinent.
(ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
(iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
(v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.
Answer:
(i) During winter, there is a high-pressure area north of the Himalayas. Cold dry winds blow from this region to the low-pressure areas over the oceans to the south. In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over northwestern India. This causes a complete reversal of the direction of winds during summer.

(ii) Air moves from high-pressure area over the southern India an Ocean, in a south-easterly direction, crosses the equator, and turns right towards the low-pressure areas over the southwest monsoon winds. These wind blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bring widespread rainfall over the mainland of India. The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to mid-September. All the moisture is lost till then.

(iii) During the winter season, the north-west trade winds prevail over the country. These winds blow from land to sea and hence for most part of the country it is a dry season. However, some amount of rainfall occurs on the Tamil Nadu coast as these winds here blow from sea to land.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

(iv) The cyclonic depressions which originate over the Andaman sea generally cross the eastern coasts of India and cause heavy rainfall. These cyclones are often very destructive. Sometimes these cyclones arrive at the coasts of Odisha, West Bengal and Bangladesh.

(v) These areas receives scantly rainfall. By the time monsoon winds reach Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats there is very little moisture left in these winds. As rainfall is scanty, these areas are drought-prone.

Question 5.
Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.
Answer:
To understand the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India, we can give the following
examples:
(i) In summer, the mercury occasionally touches 50°C in some parts of the Rajasthan desert, whereas it may be around 20°C in Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir.

(ii) On a winter night, temperature at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir may be as low as minus 45°C. Thiruvananthapuram, on the other hand, may have a temperature of 22°C.

(iii) The annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan.

(iv) Most parts of the country receive rainfall from June to September. But some parts like the Tamil Nadu coasts gets a large portion of its rain during October and November.

(v) Coastal areas experience less contrasts in temperature conditions due to the moderating influence of the sea.

Question 6.
Discuss the mechanism of monsoons.
Answer:
(i) The climate of India is described as the monsoon type.
The monsoons are not steady winds but are pulsating in nature, affected by different atmospheric conditions encountered by it, on its way over the warm tropical seas. The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to mid-September.

(ii) The monsoon arrives at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula generally by the first week of June. Subsequently, it proceeds into two the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.

(iii) The Arabian Sea branch reaches Mumbai about ten days later on approximately the 10th of June. This is fairly rapid advance. The Bay of Bengal branch also advances rapidly and arrives in Assam in the first week of June. The lofty mountains causes the monsoon winds to deflect towards the west over the Ganga plains.

(iv) By mid-June the Arabian sea branch of the monsoon arrives over Saurashtra-Kuchchh and the central part of the country.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

(v) The Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal branches of the monsoon merge over the northwestern part of the Ganga plains and cause rainfall. By mid-July, the monsoon reaches Himachal Pradesh and the rest of the country.

(vi) The withdrawal of the monsoon begins in north-western states of India by early September. By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula. The withdrawal from the southern half of the peninsula is fairly rapid. By early December, the monsoon has withdrawn from the rest of the country.

Question 7.
Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.
Answer:
The cold season is one of the four main seasons in India. The weather conditions and characteristics of this season are given below:
(i) If begins from mid-November in northern India and stays till February. December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India.

(ii) The temperature decreases from south to the north. Days are warm and nights are cold. Frost is common in the north and higher slopes of the Himalayas experience snowfall.

(iii) During this season, the northwest trade winds prevail over the country. They blow from land to sea and therefore, for most part of the country, it is a dry season.

(iv) In the northern part of the country, a weak high-pressure region develops, with light winds moving outwards from this area. Influenced by the relief, these winds blow through the Ganga valley from the west and the northwest. The weather is normally marked by clear sky, low temperatures and low humidity and weak, variable winds.

(v) A characteristic feature of the cold weather season over the northern plains is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest. These low-pressure systems, originate over the Mediterranean Sea and western Asia and move into India, along with the westerly flow. They cause winter rains over the plains and snowfall in the mountains. These rains are of immense importance for the cultivation of rabi crops.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

Question 8.
Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.
Answer:
The characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India are:
(i) The inflow of the south-west monsoon into India bring about a total change in the weather. Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250 cm.

(ii) The Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receive some amount of rain in spite of lying in the rain shadow area.

(iii) The maximum rainfall of this season is received in the north-eastern part of the country. Rainfall in the Ganga valley decreases from the east to the west. Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat got little rainfall.

(iv) An important phenomenon of the monsoon is its tendency to have ‘breaks’ in rainfall. Thus, it has wet and dry spells. It means, the monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals.

(v) The breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough. For various reasons, the trough and its axis keep on moving northward or southward, which determines the spatial distribution of rainfall.

(vi) When the axis of the monsoon trough lies over the plains, rainfall is good in these parts. On the other hand, whenever the axis shifts closer to the Himalayas, there are longer dry spells in the plains, and widespread rain occur in the mountainous catchment areas of the Himalayan rivers. These heavy rains bring devastating floods causing damage to life and property in the plains.

(vii) The monsoon is known for its uncertainties. While it causes heavy floods in one part, it may be responsible for droughts in the other. It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat causing a lot of problems to the farmers.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

Map Skills

On an outline map of India, show the following:
(i) Areas receiving rainfall over 400 cm.
(ii) Areas receiving less than 20 cm of rainfall.
(iii) The direction of the south-west monsoon over India.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate 1

Project/Activity

1. (i) Find out which songs, dances, festivals and special food preparations are associated
with certain seasons in your region. Do they have some commonality with other regions of India?
(ii) Collect photographs of typical rural houses and clothing of people from different regions of India. Examine whether they reflect any relationship with the climatic conditions and relief of the area.
Answer:
For self-attempt

In Table-I the average mean monthly temperatures and amounts of rainfall of ten representative stations have been given. It is for you to study on your own and convert them into ‘temperature and rainfall’ graphs. A glance at these visual representations will help you to grasp instantly the similarities and differences between them. One such graph given below is already prepared for you. See if you can arrive at some broad generalisations about our diverse climatic conditions. We hope you are in for a great joy of learning. Do the following activities.

Map Skills
On an outline map of India, show the following:
(i) Areas receiving rainfall over 400 cm.
(ii) Areas receiving less than 20 cm of rainfall.
(iii) The direction of the south-west monsoon over India.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate 2

Project/Activity
Question 1.
(i) Find out which songs, dances, festivals and special food preparations are associated
with certain seasons in your region. Do they have some commonality with other regions of India?
(ii) Collect photographs of typical rural houses and clothing of people from different regions of India. Examine whether they reflect any relationship with the climatic conditions and relief of the area.
Answer:
For self-attempt

1. In Table-I the average mean monthly temperatures and amounts of rainfall of ten representative stations have been given. It is for you to study on your own and convert them into ‘temperature and rainfall’ graphs. A glance at these visual representations will help you to grasp instantly the similarities and differences between them. One such graph given below is already prepared for you. See if you can arrive at some broad generalisations about our diverse climatic conditions. We hope you are in for a great joy of learning. Do the following activities.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate 3

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

Question 2.
(i) According to their distance from the equator.
(ii) According to their altitude above mean sea-level.
Answer:
(i) Ten stations according to their distance from the equator:
Thiruvananthapuram (nearest)

  • Bengaluru
  • Mumbai
  • Nagpur
  • Kolkata
  •  Shillong
  • Jodhpur
  • Delhi
  • Leh (farthest)

(ii) Ten stations according to their altitude above mean-sea-level

  • Thiruvananthapuram (nearest)
  • Chennai
  • Delhi
  • Nagpur
  • Shillong
  • Kolkata (lowest)
  • Mumbai
  • Jodhpur
  • Bengaluru
  • Leh (highest)

Question 3.
(i) Name two rainiest stations.
(ii) Name two driest stations.
(iii) Two stations with most equable climate.
(iv) Two stations with most extreme climate.
(v) Two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons.
(vi) Two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons.
(vii) Two stations influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons (viii) Two stations influenced by retreating and north-east monsoons.
(ix) Two stations receiving winter showers from the western disturbances.
(x) The two hottest stations in the months of
(a) February (b) April (c) May (d) June

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate 1

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate 2

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate 3
Answer:
(i) Shillong and Mumbai
(ii) Leh and Jodhpur
(iii) Bengaluru and Thiruvananthapuram
(iv) Leh and Jodhphur
(v) Thiruvananthapuram and Mumbai
(vi) Shillong and Kolkata
(vii) Delhi and Kolkata
(viii) Chennai and Bengaluru
(ix) Jodhpur and Delhi
(x) The two hottest stations in the months of

  • February — Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram
  • April — Nagpur and Kolkata
  • May — Nagpur and Jodhpur
  • June — Jodhpur and Delhi

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

Question 4.
Now find out
(i) Why are Tiruvanantapuram and Shillong rainier in June than in July?
(ii) Why is July rainier in Mumbai than in Tiruvanantapuram?
(iii) Why are southwest monsoons less rainy in Chennai?
(iv) Why is Shillong rainier than Kolkata?
(v) Why is Kolkata rainier in July than in June unlike Shillong which is rainier in June than in July?
(vi) Why does Delhi receive more rain than Jodhpur?
Answer:
(i) They are rainier in June than in July because the monsoon’s arrival occurs in both these regions in June and the first monsoon rains here are very intense.

(ii) It is because the south-west monsoon reaches Mumbai earlier than Thiruvananthapuram.

(iii) It is because Chennai falls in the rain shadow area of the south-west monsoons.

(iv) Shillong is in a hilly area and hills trap the monsoon winds which cause rainfall in that area. So, it becomes rainier than Kolkata.

(v) The monsoon reaches Shillong earlier than Kolkata and the initial impact is heavier than the later showers. So, Shillong is rainier in June than in July while Kolkata is rainier in July than in June.

(vi) We know that the amount of rainfall decreases from east to west in the northern India. Since Delhi is situated east to Jodhpur, so it receives more rain.

Question 5.
Now think why
(a) Tiruvanantapuram has equable climate?
(b) Chennai has more rains only after the fury of monsoon is over in most parts of the country?
(c) Jodhpur has a hot desert type of climate?
(d) Leh has moderate precipitation almost throughut the year?
(e) while in Delhi and Jodhpur most of the rain is confined to nearly three months, in Tiruvanantapuram and Shillong it is almost nine months of the year?
In spite of these facts see carefully if there are strong evidences to conclude that the monsoons still provide a very strong framework lending overall climatic unity to the whole country.
Answer:
(a) Thiruvananthapuram has equable climate because

  • lies on the sea coast, and
  • it is near to the equator, where all seasons have similar temperatures.

(b) It happens because of retreating monsoon.

(c) Jodhpur is located in the north-western part of India which is a desert. So it has a hot desert type of climate.

(d) Leh is the cold desert and is a valley in-between two mountain ranges. No monsoon winds are able to reach it. That is why, it has moderate precipitation almost throughout the year.

(e) Thiruvananthapuram is on the sea coast and so it receives rainfall from both the southwest and north east monsoons, besides receiving rainfall due to local disturbances which pick up moisture from the sea. Shillong is a hilly region and so receives rain from the monsoon as well as from local disturbances which are trapped by hills.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

The monsoon is known for its uncertainties. Nevertheless, its unifying influence on the Indian subcontinent is quite understandable. The Indian landscape, its animal and plant life, its entire agricultural calendar and the life of the people, including their festivities, revolve around the monsoon. Year after year, people of India from north to south and from east to west, eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon. These monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water to set the agricultural activities in motion. The river valleys which carries this water also unite as a single river valley unit.

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