Author name: Prasanna

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 Human Development Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation. https://mcq-questions.com/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-geography-chapter-3-part-b/

Human Development NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 3

Human Development Questions and Answers Class 12 Geography Chapter 3

Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.
(i) Which one of the following is India’s rank in terms of Human Development Index among the countries of the world in 2005 ?
(A) 126
B) 127
(C) 128
(D) 129.
Answer:
(A) 126.

(ii) Which one of the following states of India has the highest rank in the Human Development Index ? (C.B.S.E. 2014)
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Punjab
(C) Kerala
(D) Haryana.
Answer:
(C) Kerala.

(iii) Which one of the following states of India has the lowest female literacy ?
(A) Jammu and Kashmir
(B) Arunachal Pradesh
(C) Jharkhand
(D) Bihar.
Answer:
(D) Bihar.

(iv) Which one of the following states of India has the lowest female child sex ratio 0-6 years ?
(A) Gujarat
(B) Haryana
(C) Punjab
(D) Himachal Pradesh.
Answer:
(B) Haryana.

(v) Which one of the following Union Territories of India has the highest litearcy rate ?
(A) Lakshadweep
(B) Chandigarh
(C) Daman and Diu
(D) Anadaman and Nicobar Islands.
Answer:
(A) Lakshadweep.

Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words :
(i) Define Human Development.
Answer:
“Human development is a process of enlarging the range of people’s choices, increasing their opportunities for education, health care, income and empowerment and covering the full range of human choices from a sound physical environment to economic, social and political freedom.”

(ii) Give two reasons for lowr levels of human development in most of the Northern states of India.
Answer:
In the states of Northern India-Punjab, Haryana, U.P., Bihar, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Assamthe human development index is less than 0.5. In these states, the per capita annual income is less than ? 2000. In these states, the per capita consumption expenditure is high. It is 520 per month per person. Poverty, unemployment and underemployment are the main causes of low value of Human Development Index.

(iii) Give two reasons for declining child sex ratio in India.
Answer:
In India, the female sex ratio is declining. The child sex ratio between 0-6 age group is declining. This rate is below 800 female children per 1000 male children. For this social attitude is responsible. For this scientific methods of sex-determination are also responsible. Males dominate Indian society. Therefore the health and education of female is ignored.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

(i) Discuss the spatial patterns of female literacy in India in 2001 and bring out the reasons for it.
Answer:
In states of India, spatial variations are found in the female literacy rate. India has national average literacy rate of 65 per cent which is considerably less.
(a) Areas of High female literacy rate. Kerala has the highest female literacy rate of 87.86 per cent, other states are Mizoram (86.13%), Lakshadweep (81.50%), Goa (75.35%), Chandigarh (76.65%) and Andaman & Nicobar islands (75.29%).

(b) Areas of Moderate female literacy rate. (60%-75%) West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Tripura, Sikkim, Punjab, Pondicherry, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Maharashtra and Himachal Pradesh.

(c) Areas of Low female literacy rate (Below 60%) Bihar (33.57%) has the lowest literacy rate. Other states are Andhra Pradesh, Arunaehal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Dadra Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Haryana, Telangana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Odisha and Rajasthan.

(ii) Which factors have caused spatial variations in the level of Human development among the 15 major states of India ?
Answer:
India ranks 136 (now 135 in 2014) among 186 (now 187 in 2014) countries as regard H.D.I. On its value, India is placed among the moderate group. Kerala (0.638) ranks first in India. In other states, value of HDI is as follows :
Punjab (0.527), Tamil Nadu (0.570) Maharashtra (0.523), Haryana (0.509). The states with low HDI values are Bihar (0.367), Assam (6.386), Uttar Pradesh (0.388), Madhya Pradesh (0.394), Odisha (0.404). Many social, economic and political factors are responsible for these variations.

• The literacy rate is high in states with high value of HDI. In states of Central India like Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, the HDI value is low due to low literacy rate.
• In Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana value of HDI is high due to economic development. In Assam and Bihar, HDI value is low due to low economic development.

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 6 Secondary Activities Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation. https://mcq-questions.com/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-geography-chapter-6-part-a/

Secondary Activities NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 6

Secondary Activities Questions and Answers Class 12 Geography Chapter 6

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following statements is wrong ?
(A) Cheap water transport has facilitated the jute mill industry along the Hugli.
(B) Sugar, cotton, textiles and vegetable oils are footloose industries.
(C) The development of hydro-electricity and petroleum reduced, to a great extent, the importance of coal energy as a locational factor for industry.
(D) Port towns in India have attracted industries.
Answer:
(B) Sugar, cotton, textiles and vegetable oils are footloose industries.

(ii) In which one of the following types of economy are the factors of production owned individually ?
(A) Capitalist
(B) Mixed
(C) Socialist
(D) None.
Answer:
(A) Capitalist.

(iii) Which one of the following types of industries produces raw materials for other industries ?
(A) Cottage Industries
(B) Small-scale Industries
(C) Basic Industries
(D) Footloose Industries.
Answer:
(C) Basic Industries.

(iv) Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched ?
(A) Auto mobile industry ………………. Los Angeles
(B) Ship building Industry ………………. Lusaka
(c) Air craft Industry …………… Florence
(D) Iron and Steel industry ……………… Pittsburg.
Answer:
(D) Iron and Steel Industry Pittsburg.

Question 2.
Write a short note on the following in about 30 words :

(i) High Tech. Industry.
Answer:
High tech. Industries develop due to application of Intensive Research and Development (R & D). Products of advanced scientific and engineering character are manufactured. Computer Aided design electronic controls of Smelting and Refining are examples of high tech, industry.

(ii) Manfacturing. (CBSE 2014)
Answer:
Manufacturing is the process of conversion of raw materials into useful finished products. It is a secondary occupation of man. It is the second largest productive occupation of man. Manufacturing is done with modem power and machinery for mass production.

(iii) Footloose industries.
Answer:
In past few decades, high-technology activities are expanding fast. Highly sophisticated products are developed involving a great deal of scientific research and development. These industries improve their products very fast to suit the market demand and employ highly skilled labour. Such industries are referred to as foot-loose industries as they have relatively free choice of location.

Question 3.
Answer the following in not more than 150 words :

(i) Discuss the major trends of modern industrial activities especially in the developed countries of the world.
Answer:
The following changing trends are observed in industrial development of developed countries.

• High tech. Industries are developing, but low tech and labour intensive industries are shifting to developing countries.
• Large factories are giving way to smaller units.
• Rapid changes in design and production are taking place.
• Mass production and manufacture of highly standardised products is taking place.
• Locational factors are losing their importance.
• Waste avoidance, recycling, and alternatives are contributing a lot.

(ii) Differentiate between Primary and Secondary activities.
Answer:

(iii) Explain why high-tech industries in many countries are being attracted to the peripherial areas of metropolitan centre.
Answer:
High-tech Industrial State and Technology Park. Foot-loose industries tend to be attracted to purpose-built industrial estates or technology parks on the edge of towns and cities as is the case with London or Tokyo. These places offer a number of advantages over inner city locations.

• space for single-storey factories and future expansion.
• cheaper land values on edge-of-city.
• accessibility to main roads and motorways.
• pleasant environment (often located on a greenfield site).
• labour supply from nearby residential area and commuter village.

(iv) Africa has numerous natural resources and yet it is industrially the most backward continent. Comment.
Answer:
Africa has rich water power and mineral resources. Africa has about 40% of world potential water power resources but only 1% of world developed power resources. It is due to lack of technology and low purchasing power. Africa is rich in mineral resources, but these have not been utilised due to lack of industries. A resource is no resource until it is developed. So Africa still remains a backward continent.

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 5 Primary Activities Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation. https://mcq-questions.com/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-geography-chapter-5-part-a/

Primary Activities NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 5

Primary Activities Questions and Answers Class 12 Geography Chapter 5

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following is not a plantation crop ?
(A) Coffee
(B) Sugarcane
(C) Wheat
(D) Rubber.
Answer:
(C) Wheat.

(ii) In which one of the following countries co-operative farming was the most successful experiment ?
(A) Russia
(B) Denmark
(C) India
(D) The Netherlands.
Answer:
(B) Denmark.

(iii) Growing of flowers is called :
(A) Truck farming
(B) Factory farming
(C) Mixed farming
(D) Floriculture.
Answer:
(D) Floriculture.

(iv) Which one of the following types of cultivation was developed by European colonists ?
(A) Kolkoz
(B) Viticulture
(C) Mixed farming
(D) Plantation.
Answer:
(D) Plantation.

(v) In which one of the following regions is extensive commercial grain cultivation not practised ?
(A) American Canadian prairies
(B) European Steppes
(C) Pampas of Argentina
(D) Amazon Basin.
Answer:
(D) Amazon Basin.

(vi) In which of the following types of agriculture is the farming of citrus fruit very important ?
(A) Market gardening
(B) Plantation agriculture
(C) Mediterranean agriculture
(D) Co-operative farming.
Answer:
(C) Mediterranean agriculture.

(vii) Which one type of agriculture amongst the following is also called ‘slash and bum agriculture’ ?
(A) Extensive subsistence agriculture
(B) Primitive subsistence agriculture
(C) Extensive commerical grain cultivation
(D) Mixed farming.
Answer:
(B) Primitive subsistence agriculture.

(viii) Which one of the following does not follow monoculture ?
(A) Dairy farming
(B) Mixed farming
(C) Plantation agriculture
(D) Commercial grain farming.
Answer:
(B) Mixed farming.

Question 2.
Answer the following Questions in about 30 words : (Imp)

(i) Future of shifting cultivation is bleak. Discuss.
Answer:
Shifting cultivation is practised in tropical forests. The primitive tribes depend on shifting cultivation for their food. Nowadays, the area under shifting cultivation is decreasing. It has destroyed the environment and resulted in soil erosion. These tribes are beginning to settle. Loss of fertility is also a problem. It is hoped that it will not last long.

(ii) ‘Market Gardening is practised near urban areas’ why ?
Or
Explain the term Market gardening. (Sample Paper 2017-18)
Answer:
Market gardening : Vegetables are grown in suburban areas to meet the daily demand. London, Moscow and California are important for market gardening. In India, vegetables are grown around big urban centres. These are high value crops. These areas are linked by good transportation.

(iii) ‘Large Scale dairy farming is the result of development of transportation and Refrigeration’. Why ?
Answer:

• Good network of transport is essential for collecting and delivering the dairy products. Refrigerator ships have helped the export of dairy products from Australia to Europe.
• Modern methods of refrigeration, cold storage, milking and preparing dairy products need technical and scientific knowledge.
• Refrigeration, Pasturisation and other preservation processes have helped the storage of dairy products.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
(i) Differentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial livestock Rearing.
Differentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial livestock rearing stating any five points of distinctions. (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:

(ii) Discuss the important characteristic features of plantation agriculture. Name a few important plantation crops from different countries.
Answer:
Plantation Agriculture :

• Plantation farming is a single crop, large-scale farming, for the purpose of export.
• Cash crops are grown on large farms or estates.
• Plantations were started by the Europeans in tropical lowlands
• Plantation agriculture provides industrial raw-materials.
• This type of agriculture requires huge capital, skilled labour, efficient system of transport and scientific organisation. Areas and Crops. Plantation agriculture is highly mechanized.

Examples :

• Rubber plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia
• Tea estates in India and Sri Lanka
• Coffee fazendas in Brazil
• Sugarcane plantations in Cuba.

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Human Development Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation. https://mcq-questions.com/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-geography-chapter-4-part-a/

Human Development NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 4

Human Development Questions and Answers Class 12 Geography Chapter 4

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following best describes development ?
(A) An increase in size
(B) A constant in size
(C) A positive change in quality
(D) A simple change in the quality.
Answer:
(C) A positive change in quality

(ii) Which one of the following scholars introduced the concept of Human Development ?
(A) Prof. Amartya Sen
(B) Ellen C. Semple
(C) Dr. Mahabub-Ul-Haq
(D) Ratzel.
Answer:
(C) Dr. Mahabub-Ul-Haq

Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) What are the three basic areas of human development ?
Answer:
Access to resources, health and education are the basic areas of human development.

(ii) Name the four main components of human development.
Answer:
Equity, sustainability, productivity and empowerment are the four main components of human development.

(iii) How are countries classified on the basis of Human Development Index ?
Answer:
Countries are classified into three groups :

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.

(i) What do you understand by the term human development ? (C.B.S.E. 2011)
Answer:
Human Development: Development is a dynamic concept. It is a process of growth and realisation of potential utilising resources into full use. Its main purpose is to raise the economic growth. Geography generally uses the terms developed and developing countries.

Human Development Indicators : The World Bank provides every year the world development report. It provides data of production, consumption, demand, energy, capital trade, population growth, health, education of some 186 countries. This report is based on some indicators.

Basic Components of HDI. The three basic components of human development are :

• Longevity
• Knowledge
• Standard of living. India ranks 136th in the world.

(ii) What do equity and sus¬tainability refer to within the concept of human development ? (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
Equity means equal access to opportunities available to every body. The opportunities must be equal to all. There should be no discrimination on the basis of gender, race, income and caste.

Sustainability means continuity in the availability of opportunities. Each generation must have the same opportunities. All resources must be used for the welfare of future generations.

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation. https://mcq-questions.com/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-geography-chapter-3-part-a/

Population Composition NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 3

Population Composition Questions and Answers Class 12 Geography Chapter 3

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below :

(i) Which one of the following has caused the sex ratio of United Arab Emirate to be low.
(A) Selective migration of working population
(B) High birth rate of males
(C) Low birth rate of females
(D) High out migration of females.
Answer:
(D) High out migration of females.

(ii) Which one of the following figures represents the working age group of the population ?
(A) 15 to 65 years
(B) 15 to 66 years
(C) 15 to 64 years
(D) 15 to 59 years.
Answer:
(D) 15 to 59 years.

(iii) Which one of the following countries has the highest sex ratio in the world ?
(A) Latvia
(B) Japan
(C) United Arab Emirates
(D) France.
Answer:
(A) Latvia.

Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) What do you understand by population composition ?
Answer:
Population composition means demographic structure. It includes age, sex, literacy, occupations, life expectancy. People are distinguished by these attributes

(ii) What, is significance of age structure ? (C.B.S.E. 2013-14) ;
Answer:
The age structure of a population refers to number of people in different age groups. It is an important indicator of population composition,

• It helps to know the labour force of a region
• It helps to know the employment of a region and dependent population
• It helps to know the future growth of population of a region.

(iii) How is sex ratio measured ?
Answer:
Sex Ratio is the number of females per 1000 males. It is calculated by using the following formula :
\(\text { Sex Ratio }=\frac{\text { Female population }}{\text { Male population }} \times 1000\)

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
(i) Describe the rural-urban composition of the population.
Answer:
On the basis of the residence, the population is divided into two groups
(a) Rural population
(b) Urban population.

Comparison. These two groups differ from each other in the following ways :

• Life style
• Livelihood
• Social conditions
• Density of population
• Level of development.

(a) Rural areas are those where people are engaged in Primary activities.
(b) Urban areas are those where majority of the working population is engaged in non-primary activities.

Differences

• In western countries, males outnumber females in rural areas
• Females outnumber males in urban areas
• In developing countries, females outnumber males in Rural areas and males outnumber females in urban areas.

Reasons

• The excess of females in urban areas is the result of influx of females from rural areas for jobs.
• Farming is dominated by males in rural areas.
• Females participate in farming in rural areas in large number in developing countries.
• Women are discouraged to migrate to urban areas due to high cost of living and lack of security.

(ii) Discuss the factors for imbalance in sex age found in different parts of the world and occupational structure.
Or
Give two reasons for unfavourable sex ratio in the world. (Sample Paper 2017-2018)
Answer:
The ratio between the number of women and men in the population is called sex ratio. There is a great imbalance in sex age structure in developed and developing countries.

• It is due to gender discrimination.
• Sex ratio is unfavourable where female foeticide, female infanticide and domestic violence against women is prevalent.
• Lower socio-economic status of women.

Occupational Structure. The working population (15-59 years) takes part in various occupations such as agriculture, forestry, manufacturing, construction, transport, services etc.

These are grouped with primary, secondary, tertiary and quartemary occupations

• These differ in different countries due to level of economic development
• Primitive economies have more of the people engaged in Primary occupations
• Developed economies with industries and infrastructure have more people in secondary and tertiary activities.

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 Human Geography: Nature and Scope Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation. https://mcq-questions.com/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-geography-chapter-1/

Human Geography: Nature and Scope NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 1

Human Geography: Nature and Scope Questions and Answers Class 12 Geography Chapter 1

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below :
(i) Which one of the following statements does not describe Geography ?
(A) An integrative discipline.
(B) Study of the inter-relationship between humans and environment.
(C) Subjected to dualism.
(D) Not relevant in the present time due to the development of technology.
Answer:
(D) Not relevant in the present time due to the development of technology.

(ii) Which one of the following is not a source of geographical information ?
(A) traveller’s accounts
(B) old maps
(C) samples of rock materials from the moon
(D) ancient epics.
Answer:
(D) Ancient epics.

(iii) Which one of the following is the most important factor in the interaction between people and environment ?
(A) human intelligence
(B) people’s perception
(C) technology
(D) human brotherhood.
Answer:
(D) Human Brotherhood.

(iv) Which one of the following is not an approach in human geography ?
(A) Areal differentiation
(B) Spatial organisation
(C) Quantitative revolution
(D) Exploration and description.
Answer:
(D) Exploration and description

Question 2.
Answer the following Questions in about 30 words :
(i) Define Human Geography. (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
According to Ratzel, “Human Geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth’s surface”. Thus Human Geography deals with the areal differentiation of human activities.

(ii) Name some sub-fields of Human Geography.
Answer:
Human Geography has the following subfields as branches :

• Cultural geography
• Social geography
• Urban geography
• Political geography
• Population
• Settlement
• Economic geography.

(iii) How is Human geography related to other social sciences ?
Answer:
An inter-disciplinary subject. It attempts to explain the relationship between all elements of human life and the space they occur over. Thus it develops a close relationship with other social sciences in order to understand and explain human elements on the surface of the earth.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
Or
(i) Explain naturalisation of Humans. Give one example.
Or
Nature provides opportunities and humans make use of these and slowly by nature gets humanised and starts bearing the imprints of human endeavour?” Justify the statement. (Outside Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Man influenced by Environment.
Humans adapted to dictates of nature. The stage of human social development was also primitive. Man was practically a slave of nature. Man was really naturalised. It was called environmental determinism.

Life of Benda: Example. Take the case of Benda who lives in the wilds of Abujh Maad (Central India). He wears a small loincloth and has a small axe. His tribe practises primitive agriculture by clearing a patch of forest. He drinks water from a stream. He gathers Gajjhara and Kuchla, leaves and roots to eat.

Conclusion. The physical environment becomes the “Mother Nature’ for them.

(ii) Write a note on the Scope of Human Geography.
Answer:
Scope of Human Geography. Human Geography aims to study the regional variations of human life on the earth. These are directly or indirectly influenced by physical environment. The interactive relationship between man and environment results in a cultural landscape.

Scope of Human Geography

• According to Finch and Trewartha, man and his cultural activities are the subject matter of Human Geography.
• Thus, Human Geography studies the functional relationship between population, natural resources and cultural landscape.
• Vidal de la Blache states, “Human Geography is the study of human influence on his occupation.” Human Geography analyses the utilisation of natural resources, their economic structure, industries, transport, communication and distribution of human settlements.