Author name: Prasanna

These NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 5 अक्षरों का महत्व Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts.

अक्षरों का महत्व NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 5

Class 6 Hindi Chapter 5 अक्षरों का महत्व Textbook Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
पाठ में ऐसा क्यों कहा जाता है कि अक्षरों के साथ एक नए युग की शुरूआत हुई।
उत्तर:
क्योंकि अक्षरों के कारण ही मनुष्य अपना हिसाब-किताब लिखकर रखने लगा। मानव को सभ्य भी तभी से कहा जाने लगा। आदमी के लिखना आरंभ करने से ही इतिहास आरंभ हुआ। आदमी के लिखे लेख मिलने से ही किसी कौम का इतिहास आरंभ होता है। इतिहास की शुरूआत अक्षरों के साथ ही हुई है। उससे पहले के काल को ‘प्रागैतिहासिक काल’ यानि इतिहास से पहले का काल कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
अक्षरों की खोज का सिलसिला कब और कैसे शुरू हुआ ? पाठ पढ़कर उत्तर लिखो।
उत्तर:
अक्षरों की खोज का सिलसिला लगभग छह हजार वर्ष पूर्व शुरू हुआ। इससे पहले व्यक्ति चित्रों के द्वारा अपने भाव व्यक्त करता था। जैसे पशु-पक्षियों, आदमियों के चित्र । इन चित्र संकेतों से भाव संकेत अस्तित्व में आए। जैसे एक वृत्त के चारों ओर रेखाएँ खींचने पर वह सूर्य का चित्र बन जाता था। इसके बाद फिर अक्षर अस्तित्व में आए।

प्रश्न 3.
अक्षरों के ज्ञान से पूर्व मनुष्य अपनी बात को दूर-दराज के इलाकों तक पहुँचाने के लिए किन-किन माध्यमों का सहारा लेता था ?
उत्तर:
अक्षरों के ज्ञान से पूर्व मनुष्य अपनी बात को दूर-दराज़ तक पहुँचाने के लिए चित्रों के जरिए अपने भाव व्यक्त करता था। जैसे पशु, पक्षियों, व्यक्तियों के चित्र।

प्रश्न 4.
भाषा का विकास पहले हुआ, अक्षर और लिपि का बाद में।
बोली गई भाषा को अक्षरों की मदद से लिखा जा सकता है।
कई लोग ऐसे भी होते हैं जो अक्षर नहीं पहचानते, पर भाषा अच्छी तरह जानते हैं।
इन पंक्तियों को ध्यान में रखते हुए भाषा और अक्षर के संबंध के बारे में सोचो और एक अनुच्छेद लिखो।
उत्तर:
सबसे पहले मनुष्य ने बोलना सीखा फिर धीरे-धीरे उसकी भाषा का विकास हुआ। उसने सोचा कि इन विचारों को कैसे सुरक्षित रखा जाए जिससे भविष्य में आने वाली पीढ़ी का मार्ग दर्शन कर सकें। आवश्यकता आविष्कार की जननी होती है। मनुष्य ने अपनी इस आवश्यकता के कारण अक्षरों की शुरूआत की। ध्वनियों को स्थाई रूप प्रदान करने के लिए लिपि चिन्हों का निर्धारण किया। ये लिपि चिन्ह ही अक्षर कहलाए। पहले हमारे वेद और अन्य शास्त्रों का लिखित रूप नहीं था-सुन-सुनकर ही ये कंठस्थ किये जाते थे और एक पीढ़ी से दूसरी पीढ़ी तक पहुँचते थे। लिपि चिन्ह अर्थात् अक्षरों के ईज़ाद होने के बाद ही ये लिखित रूप में आए।

निबंध से आगे

प्रश्न 1.
अक्षरों के महत्त्व की तरह ध्वनि के महत्त्व के बारे में जितना जानते हो लिखो।
उत्तर:
अक्षरों का मौखिक रूप ध्वनि ही होता है। जब व्यक्ति किसी अक्षर का उच्चारण करता है तो हम उसके मुख से निकली ध्वनि से ही यह अनुमान लगाते हैं कि उसने क्या कहा। अक्षर भाषा की सबसे छोटी इकाई है। अक्षरों की ध्वनियाँ ही भाषा का मूल रूप है।

प्रश्न 2.
रेडियो की भाषा लिखित नहीं मौखिक है। मौखिक भाषा का जीवन में क्या महत्त्व है ? इसे शिक्षक को कक्षा में सुनाओ।
उत्तर:
मौखिक भाषा ही भाषा का मूल रूप है। एक छोटा बच्चा अपने माता-पिता भाई-बहिनों के मुख से मौखिक भाषा को ही सुनता है। वह इनका अनुकरण करता है। इस प्रकार वह भी बोलना सीख जाता है। इस रूप को स्वाभाविक रूप से सीखा जाता है।

प्रश्न 3.
हर वैज्ञानिक खोज के साथ किसी न किसी वैज्ञानिक का नाम जुड़ा होता है। लेकिन अक्षरों के साथ ऐसा नहीं है क्यों ? पता करो और शिक्षक को बताओ।
उत्तर:
अक्षर किसी एक व्यक्ति की खोज नहीं है। समय के साथ-साथ तथा अपनी सुविधाओं को देखते हुए लोगों ने अक्षरों की लिपि चिह्नों का निर्माण किया इसलिए इनके साथ किसी एक व्यक्ति का नाम नहीं जुड़ा।

प्रश्न 4.
एक भाषा को कई लिपियों में लिखा जा सकता है। उसी तरह कई भाषाओं को एक ही लिपि में लिखा जा सकता है। आगे कुछ शब्द दिए गए हैं, जैसे- भारत, गांधी, भाषा। इन्हें एक से अधिक लिपियों में लिखो।
उत्तर:
भारत – BHARAT
गांधी – GANDHI

अनुमान और कल्पना

प्रश्न 1.
पुराने जमाने में लोग यह क्यों सोचते होंगे कि अक्षरों की खोज ईश्वर ने की थी? अनुमान लगाओ और लिखो?
उत्तर:
पुस्तकों में बड़े-बड़े किस्से और ज्ञानवर्धक बातें लिखी होती हैं। अक्षरों की खोज कोई सामान्य बात नहीं है इसलिए लोग सोचते होंगे कि अक्षरों की खोज ईश्वर ने की होगी।

प्रश्न 2.
अक्षरों के महत्त्व के साथ ही मनुष्य के जीवन में गीत, नृत्य और खेलों का भी महत्त्व है। अपने मित्रों के साथ बातचीत कर इनके महत्त्व के बारे में जानकारी इकट्ठी करो और शिक्षक को सुनाओ।
उत्तर:
छात्र स्वयं करें।

प्रश्न 3.
कल्पना करो कि यदि हमें अक्षरों का ज्ञान न होता तो क्या होता ? लिखो।
उत्तर:
यदि हमें अक्षरों का ज्ञान न होता तो हम अपने विचारों को न तो सही ढंग से प्रकट कर पाते और न ही उनको सुरक्षित रख पाते। आज दुनिया में पुस्तकों के रूप में जो ज्ञान का भण्डार है यह हमें उपलब्ध नहीं होता।

भाषा की बात

प्रश्न 1.
अनादि काल में रेखांकित शब्द का अर्थ है जिसकी कोई शुरूआत या आदि न हो। नीचे दिए गए शब्द भी मूल शब्द के शुरू में कुछ जोड़ने से बने हैं। इसे उपसर्ग कहते हैं। इन उपसर्गों को अलग करके लिखो और मूल शब्दों को लिखकर उनका अर्थ समझो-
असफल ………………….
अदृश्य ………………….
अनुचित ………………….
अनावश्यक ………………….
अपरिचित ………………….
अनिच्छा ………………….
(क) अब बताओ कि ये उपसर्ग जिन शब्दों के साथ जुड़ रहे हैं क्या उनमें कोई अंतर है ?
(ख) उपर्युक्त शब्दों से वाक्य बनाओ और समझो कि वे संज्ञा हैं या विशेषण।
उत्तर:
असफल = अ + सफल
अदृश्य = अ + दृश्य
अनुचित = अ + उचित
अनावश्यक = अन् + आवश्यक
अपरिचित = अ + परिचित
अनिच्छा = अन् + इच्छा

(क) शब्द के पूर्व में व्यंजन आने पर विलोम शब्द बनाने के लिए ‘अ’ उपसर्ग का प्रयोग किया गया है तथा शब्द के पूर्व स्वर आने पर विलोम शब्द बनाने के लिए ‘अन्’ उपसर्ग का प्रयोग किया गया है।

(ख) (i) परिश्रम न करने वाला असफल रहता है।
(ii) वह देखते ही देखते अदृश्य हो गया।
(ii) मुझे अनुचित कार्य बिल्कुल पसंद नहीं है।
(iv) तुम अनावश्यक रूप से विवाद को जन्म दे रहे हो।
(v) किसी अपरिचित से खाने की कोई वस्तु नहीं लेनी चाहिए।
(vi) मैंने यह कार्य अनिच्छा से किया है।
यहाँ ‘अपरिचित’ को छोड़कर सभी शब्द विशेषण हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
वैसे तो संख्याएँ संज्ञा होती हैं पर कभी-कभी ये विशेषण का काम भी करती हैं, जैसे नीचे लिखे वाक्य में-
हमारी धरती लगभग पाँच अरब साल पुरानी है।
कोई दस हजार साल पहले आदमी ने गाँवों को बसाना शुरू किया।
इन वाक्यों में रेखाकित अंश ‘साल’ संज्ञा के बारे में विशेष जानकारी दे रहे हैं, इसलिए संख्यावाचक विशेषण हैं। संख्यावाचक विशेषण का इस्तेमाल उन्हीं चीजों के लिए होता है जिन्हें गिना जा सके। जैसे, चार संतरे, पाँच बच्चे, तीन शहर आदि। पर यदि किसी चीज़ को गिना नहीं जा सकता तो उसके साथ संख्या वाले शब्दों के अलावा माप-तौल आदि के शब्दों का इस्तेमाल भी किया जाता है।

• तीन जग पानी
• एक किलो जीरा

यहाँ रेखांकित हिस्से परिमाणवाचक विशेषण हैं क्योंकि इनका संबंध माप-तौल से है। अब नीचे लिखे हुए को पढ़ो। खाली स्थानों में बॉक्स में दिए गए माप-तौल के उचित शब्द छाँटकर लिखो।
प्याला, कटोरी, एकड़, मीटर, लीटर, किलो, ट्रक, चम्मच

तीन कटोरी खीर,
दो एकड़ ज़मीन,
छह मीटर कपड़ा,
एक ट्रक रेत,
दो प्याला कॉफी,
पाँच किलो बाजरा
एक किलो दूध,
तीन लीटर तेल

कुछ करने को

प्रश्न 1.
अपनी लिपि के कुछ अक्षरों के बारे में जानकारी इकट्ठी करो।
(क) जो अब प्रयोग में नहीं रहे।
(ख) प्रचलित नए अक्षर जो अब प्रयोग में आ गए हैं।
उत्तर:
छात्र स्वयं करें।

प्रश्न 2.
लिखित और मौखिक भाषा के हानि-लाभ के बारे में अपने दोस्तों के बीच चर्चा करो।
उत्तर:
छात्र स्वयं करें।

प्रश्न 3.
अक्षर और कंप्यूटर के संबंधों के बारे में जानकारी प्राप्त करो और इसे शिक्षक को सुनाओ।
उत्तर:
छात्र स्वयं करें।

प्रश्न 4.
अक्षर ध्वनियों (स्वरों और व्यंजनों) का प्रतीक होते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए ‘हिंदी’, ‘उर्दू’ और ‘बंगला’ आदि शब्दों में प्रत्येक अक्षर के लिए उसकी ध्वनि निर्धारित है। कुछ चित्रों से भी संकेत व्यक्त होते हैं। नीचे कुछ चित्र दिए गए हैं। उससे क्या संकेत व्यक्त होते हैं, बताओ-

उत्तर:
पहला चिह्न दाएँ मुड़ना है।
दूसरा चिह्न बाएँ मुड़ना है।
तीसरा चिह्न आगे स्कूल है।
चौथा चिह्न आगे गोल चक्कर है।

महत्त्वपूर्ण गद्यांशों की सप्रसंग व्याख्या

1. प्रागैतिहासिक …………………. में आए।

प्रसंग- प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘वसंत’ में से अवतरित है। इसके लेखक ‘गुणाकर मुले’ जी हैं। लेखक ने यहाँ अक्षरों से पहले मनुष्य किस प्रकार अपने भावों को व्यक्त करता था, बताया है।

व्याख्या- लेखक कहता है कि जब इतिहास नहीं लिखा जाता था उस समय मनुष्य अनेक प्रकार के चित्रों को चित्रित करके अपने भावों को व्यक्त करता था। इन चित्रों में विशेषतौर पर पशु-पक्षियों और व्यक्तियों के चित्र होते थे। इन चित्रों के बाद ही भाव संकेतों का आरंभ हुआ। मनुष्य विभिन्न प्रकार के भाव-संकेतों से अपने भावों को व्यक्त करने लगा। जैसे एक वृत्त बनाकर उसके चारों ओर किरणों का बोध कराने के लिए रेखाएँ खींच दी जाती थीं। इस प्रकार की रेखाओं वाला यह वृत्त सूर्य का चित्र बन गया। यह चित्र ही धूप एवं गर्मी को दर्शाने के लिए प्रयोग में आने लगा। इसके बाद और अनेक भाव संकेत अस्तित्व में आते रहे।

2. अक्षरों की ……………………. कहते हैं।

प्रसंग- प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य-पुस्तक ‘वसंत’ में संकलित पाठ ‘अक्षरों का महत्त्व’ से अवतरित है। इस गद्यांश में लेखक ‘गुणाकर मुले’ ने अक्षरों की खोज के बाद आए बदलाव का वर्णन किया है।

व्याख्या- लेखक कहता है कि अक्षरों की खोज के बाद एक नए युग की शुरूआत हुई। इसके बाद ही मनुष्य अपने विचारों एवं हिसाब-किताब को सुरक्षित रखने लगा। अक्षरों के आ जाने से मनुष्य के विचारों का आदान-प्रदान सरल हो गया। तब से ही मानव को सभ्यमानव कहा जाने लगा। मनुष्य सभी बातों को लिखकर सुरक्षित रखने लगा इसलिए तब से ही इतिहास शुरू होता है। अक्षरों की खोज होने से पहले का कोई इतिहास मालूम नहीं है। किसी भी जाति या देश का इतिहास तभी से आरंभ माना जाता है जब से उनका इतिहास लिखित रूप में मिलता है। मनुष्य का लिखित इतिहास छह हजार वर्षों से है। उससे पहले का मनुष्य या किसी सभ्यता का कोई इतिहास उपलब्ध नहीं है। जो कुछ पहले के बारे में कहते हैं वह केवल अनुमान पर ही आधारित है। इतिहास से पहले के काल को ‘प्रागैतिहासिक काल’ यानि इतिहास से पहले का काल कहते हैं।

3. अक्षरों की …………………… है भी।

प्रसंग- प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘वसंत’ में संकलित पाठ ‘अक्षरों का महत्त्व’ से लिया गया है। इस पाठ के लेखक ‘गुणाकर मुले’ जी हैं। लेखक ने यहाँ अक्षरों एवं उनसे बनी लिपि के महत्त्व के बारें में बताया है।

व्याख्या- अक्षरों की खोज होने के बाद मानव सभ्यता के विकास में गति आ गई। अक्षरों की खोज ने मनुष्य को मनुष्य के काफी करीब ला दिया। वह अपने विचारों को लिखकर रखने लगा। अब उसके विचारों से दूसरे लोग भी लाभान्वित होने लगे। एक पीढ़ी द्वारा संचित ज्ञान दूसरी पीढ़ी के काम आने लगा। अक्षरों की खोज के बाद मानव जाति का विकास बहुत ही तीव्र गति से होने लगा। आज हम जो कुछ भी देख रहे हैं वह सब अक्षरों की खोज का ही परिणाम है।

अक्षरों और उनसे बनी हुई लिपियों के कारण क्रांतिकारी परिवर्तन हो गए। हम सबको अक्षरों की कहानी मालूम होनी चाहिए। अक्षर हमारे जीवन के लिए बहुत ही महत्त्वपूर्ण हैं। आज हम जो कुछ पढ़ते हैं या लिखते हैं ये सभी अक्षर कब, कहाँ और किसने बनाए यह सब हमको मालूम होना ही चाहिए। अक्षर मानव सभ्यता के विकास का मूल है।

अक्षरों के महत्त्व

प्रश्न 1.
बड़े-बुजुर्गों से पता कीजिए कि जो अक्षर उनके समय में इस्तेमाल होते थे ‘उनमें से कौन से गायब हो गए हैं और कौन से नए आ गए हैं?
उत्तर:
छात्र स्वयं करें।

प्रश्न 2.
कम्प्यूटर पर अलग-अलग आकार में अक्षरों को देखें फिर अपनी लिखी किसी भी पसंदीदा कहानी, लेख, कविता के हिस्से को अलग-अलग आकार में सजाकर प्रिंट करें।
उत्तर:
छात्र स्वयं करें।

अक्षरों का महत्व Summary

कविता का सार

पुस्तकें हमारे लिए बहुत उपयोगी हैं। इनका हमारे जीवन में विशेष महत्त्व है। लेकिन सभी प्रकार की पुस्तकों का निर्माण अक्षरों से हुआ है। संसार में अब तक करोड़ों की संख्या में पुस्तकें छप चुकी हैं और हजारों पुस्तकें रोज छपती हैं। हजारों की संख्या में प्रतिदिन समाचार पत्र एवं पत्रिकाएं छपती रहती हैं। इन सबके मूल में है अक्षर! हम कल्पना नहीं कर सकते कि यदि मानव को अक्षर ज्ञान न होता तो इस दुनिया का क्या हाल होता? कुछ लोगों का कहना है कि अक्षरों को हम अनादि काल से जानते हैं। कुछ कहते हैं कि अक्षरों का ज्ञान हमें ईश्वर से मिला है।

पुराने समय के लोग सोचते थे कि अक्षरों की खोज ईश्वर ने की है। लेकिन आज हम जानते हैं अक्षरों की खोज ईश्वर ने नहीं, बल्कि आदमी ने स्वयं की है। लेकिन अब तो हम यह भी जानते हैं किन-किन अक्षरों की खोज किस देश में, किस समय हुई।

हमारी पृथ्वी लगभग पाँच अरब साल पुरानी है। दो तीन अरब साल तक पृथ्वी पर किसी प्रकार के जीव-जन्तु नहीं थे। फिर करोड़ों साल तक जानवरों और वनस्पतियों का ही इस धरती पर राज रहा होगा। पाँच लाख साल पहले ही इस धरती पर मानव ने जन्म लिया, फिर धीरे-धीरे उसका विकास हुआ। कोई दस हजार साल पहले आदमी ने गाँव को बसाना शुरू किया। फिर वह धीरे-धीरे खेती करने लगा। वह पत्थरों के औजार बनाकर उनका प्रयोग करने लगा। उसने तांबे और कांसे के औज़ार भी बनाए।

प्रागैतिहासिक काल का मानव पहले अपने भाव, विचार चित्रों के माध्यम से व्यक्त करता था। एक छोटे वृत्त के चारों ओर रेखाएँ खींचने पर सूर्य का चित्र बनने से उन्हें सूर्य ज्ञान हुआ। इस तरह के अनेक भाव संकेत अस्तित्व में नज़र आए। इसके बाद आदमी ने अक्षरों की खोज की। अक्षरों की खोज हुए छह हजार साल हुए हैं। अक्षरों की खोज के साथ एक नए युग की शुरूआत हुई। अपने-अपने हिसाब को लिखकर रखने लगा। तब से मानव को सभ्य कहा जाने लगा। जब मानव ने लिखना प्रारम्भ किया तभी से इतिहास का प्रारम्भ हुआ। इससे पहले के काल को “प्रागैतिहासिक काल” यानी इतिहास से पहले का काल कहते हैं। अगर व्यक्ति अक्षरों की खोज नहीं करता तो आज हम इतिहास को न जान पाते और हम यह भी न जान पाते कि हजारों साल तक आदमी ने अपना जीवन कैसे व्यतीत किया। वह क्या-क्या सोचता था उसने क्या-क्या कार्य किये। अक्षरों की खोज मनुष्य की सबसे बड़ी उपलब्धि है। वह अपने विचारों को लिखकर रखने लगा। इस प्रकार एक पीढ़ी के ज्ञान का प्रयोग दूसरी पीढ़ी करने लगी। अक्षरों की खोज के बाद मानव जाति का तेजी से विकास हुआ।

आज हम जिन अक्षरों को पढ़ते या लिखते हैं हमें उनकी कहानी मालूम होनी चाहिए कि वे कब, कहाँ और किसके द्वारा बनाए गए, यह जानना बहुत जरूरी है।

शब्दार्थ:
पुस्तक – किताब, अक्षर – अपरिवर्तनशील, नित्य, दुनिया – संसार, कल्पना – मन की उपज, नयी बात सोचना, धरती – पृथ्वी, खोज – तलाश, अन्वेषण, लिपि – लिखने की क्रिया, लघुतम ध्वनि का सूचक अक्षर, देवनागरी – भारत की प्रसिद्ध राष्ट्रीय लिपि, संग्रहालय – म्यूजियम, संग्रह भवन, विकास – खिलना, व्यक्त करना, आक्रमण – हमला करना, चढ़ाई करना

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English

Animals NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem 7

Animals NCERT Text Book Questions and Answers

Animals Thinking about the Poem

Question 1.
Notice the use of the word ‘turn’ in the first line. “I think I could turn and live with animals ”
What is the poet turning from?
Answer:
The poet is turning from the troubles of living like a human being towards a placid life of animals.

Question 2.
Mention three things that humans do and animals don’t.
Answer:
The animals don’t sweat like human beings. They do not disturb their sleep to regret about their sins. They believe in equality. Therefore, they do not kneel before the superior members of the group.

Question 3.
Do humans kneel to other humans who lived thousands of years ago? Discuss this in groups.
Answer:
Yes, the humans kneel before other humans who lived thousands of years ago. In the olden days, people used to bow before the superior members of the society like the sages and the kings to show that they respected them.

Question 4.
What are the ‘tokens’ that the poet says he may have dropped long ago and which the animals have kept for him? Discuss this in class.
(Hint: Whitman belongs to the Romantic tradition that includes Rousseau and Wordsworth, which holds that civilisation has made humans false to their own true nature. What could be the basic aspects of our nature as living beings that humans choose to ignore or deny?)
Answer:
The tokens are the tokens of being a human being, living in natural environment naturally like those who do not bother about petty things in life and remain undisturbed for the things which worry them. The poet feels that the human beings also lived a calm life like animals in olden times and they may have dropped their natural calm in the last few years.

Animals Extra Questions and Answers

Animals Reference-to-Context Questions

Read the stanza given below and answer the questions that follow:

Question 1.
I stand and look at them long and long.
They do not sweat and whine about their condition.

(a) Animals are content and never …………… about their condition.
Answer:
whine

(b) The poet tells us that animals are ………… to humans?
Answer:
superior

(c) Animals are never satisfied with their condition. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the same meaning of ‘complain’ in the extract.
Answer:
whine

Question 2.
They do not sweat and whine about their condition,
They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins,
They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God,

(a) The animals do not sweep for their ………. because they happy and content.
Answer:
sins

(b) The animals live in the ………. of nature.
Answer:
lap

(c)Human beings are troubled and disturbed in doing their duties to God. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the antonym of ‘smile’ in the extract.
Answer:
weep

Question 3.
Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that lived thousands of years ago,
Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole Earth.

(a) It is unique in the animal world that no one is ………….. or unhappy.
Answer:
respectable

(b) Humans …………. to other humans, but the animals do not.
Answer:
kneel

(c) Humans knelt to other humans thousands of years ago. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the antonym of ‘disrespectable’ in the extract.
Answer:
respectable

Animals Long Answer Question

Question 1.
‘A friend’s eye is a good mirror’. How far does this apply to the relationships spoken about, between men and animals, in the poem, ‘Animals’?
Answer:
The author values a friendship with animals above the human relationship because animals impress him with their placid and self-contained demeanor. Unlike men, the poet justifies such friends as they do not labour and lament their condition or suffer self-mortification for their wrongs, as men do. They don’t hold discussions about Man’s duty towards God.

He admires the animals’ disinterest in owning things or kowtowing to seniors or ancestors. The animals he says accept him unconditionally, mirroring his primary self. He realizes that animals mirror his true nature of man and portray it in theirs, like tokens, making the poet enquire about whether he had carelessly dropped his natural characteristics some time in the past.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English

Madam Rides the Bus NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Chapter 9

Madam Rides the Bus NCERT Text Book Questions and Answers

Madam Rides the Bus Oral Comprehension Check

Question 1.
What was Valli’s favourite pastime?
Answer:
Valli’s favourite pastime was standing in the front door of her house and watching what was happening in the street outside.

Question 2.
What was a source of unending joy for Valli? What was her strongest desire?
Answer:
The sight of the village bus filled with a new set of passengers was a source of unending joy for Valli. Her strongest desire was to ride on the village bus at least once.

Question 3.
What did Valli find out about the bus journey? How did she find out these details?
Answer:
Valli found out that the bus went to the town which was six miles away from her village and took forty five minutes. She also found out that the fare was thirty paise one way. She picked up these details by listening carefully to conversations between her neighbours and people who regularly used the bus and by asking a few discreet questions here and there.

Question 4.
What do you think Valli was planning to do?
Answer:
It seems Valli was planning to fulfil her strongest desire of riding the village bus.

Question 5.
Why does the conductor call Valli ‘madam’?
Answer:
The conductor called the young child as ‘Madam’ because Valli told him that she was not a child.

Question 6.
Why does Valli stand up on the seat? What does she see now?
Answer:
She wanted to enjoy the beauty outside the bus but because of a canvas blind, she was unable to see outside, so she stood on the seat.

Question 7.
What does Valli tell the elderly man when he calls her a child?
Answer:
When the elderly man called her a child, Valli told him that she was not a child as she was able to take care of herself.

Question 8.
Why didn’t Valli want to make friends with the elderly woman?
Answer:
Valli did not want to make friends with elderly woman because she was looking very ugly an abominable.

Question 9.
How did Valli save up money for her first journey? Was it easy for her?
Answer:
Valli had managed to save a total of sixty paise by resisting every temptation such as buying peppermints, toys, balloons and the like. It had been difficult particularly on the day of the village fair as she had to stifle her strong desire to ride the merry-go-round.

Question 10.
What did Valli see on her way that made her laugh?
Answer:
Valli saw that a young cow, tail high in the air, was running very fast, right in the middle of the road. The horn of the bus frightened the animal and made it gallop still faster. This sight was very funny and Valli laughed heartily.

Question 11.
Why didn’t she get off the bus at the bus station?
Answer:
Valli did not get off the bus at the bus station as she had only thirty paise for her return journey and . she was too afraid to go alone.

Question 12.
Why didn’t Valli want to go to the stall and have a drink? What does this tell you about her?
Answer:
Valli was a wise little girl who did not want to mingle with strangers. Also she had no spare money. So she did not want to go to the stall and have a drink with the conductor. It shows that Valli had a fair share of self-respect and took her decisions cautiously.

Madam Rides the Bus Thinking about the Text

Question 1.
What was Valli’s deepest desire? Find the words and phrases in the story that tell you this.
Answer:
Valli’s deepest desire was to ride on the village bus even if only once. Here are the words from the text that describe this— ‘overwhelming desire’, ‘wistfully’, ‘kindle in her longings’, ‘dreams’, ‘hopes’, ‘wish became stronger and stronger’.

Question 2.
How did Valli plan her bus ride? What did she find out about the bus, and how did she save up the fare?
Answer:
Valli picked up various small details about the bus journey by listening to the conversations between the bus users and asking a few questions here and there. She found out about the 30 paise bus fare from a well-dressed man. She also came to know that the journey took 45 minutes, one way. She . chose afternoon time for her journey when her mother took a nap every day. Thus, she very carefully planned her bus ride.

Question 3.
Why does the conductor refer to Valli as ‘madam’?
Answer:
The conductor was a jolly man. He was surprised to see a little girl travelling all by herself. Moreover, the girl was confident and behaving like grown-ups. Therefore, he naughtily calls Valli as ‘madam’.

Question 4.
Find the lines in the text which tell you that Valli was enjoying her ride on the bus.
Answer:
Here are a few lines from the text which tell us that Valli was enjoying her ride on a bus—

• “Valli devoured everything with her eyes.”
• “Oh, it was all so wonderful!”
• “gradually Valli too joined in the laughter.”
• “Suddenly Valli clapped her hands with glee.”
• “Somehow, this was very funny to Valli. She laughed and laughed until there were tears in her eyes.”
• “Struck dumb with wonder Valli gaped at everything.”
• “Valli wasn’t bored in the slightest and greeted everything with the same excitement she’d felt the first time.”

Question 5.
Why does Valli refuse to look out of the window on her way back?
Answer:
Valli was a sensitive girl. The image of the dead cow had dampened her enthusiasm. The memory of the lovable creature returned repeatedly to her mind so she refused to look out of the window on her way back.

Question 6.
What does Valli mean when she says, “I was just agreeing with what you said about things happening without our knowledge?”
Answer:
Valli returned back home with memory of the dead cow still fresh in her mind. So when she heard – her mother and aunt talking, she too agreed that one cannot understand the mysteries of life. But when questioned about it, she didn’t want to reveal her trip to the town. In order to cover the facts, she said the above-mentioned statement.

Question 7.
‘The author describes the things that Valli sees from an eight-year-old’s point of view.’ Can you find evidence from the text for this statement?
Answer:

• Description of the bus—“It was a new bus soft and luxurious.”
• Description of the sight outside—“The bus was going so wonderful.”
• Description of the elderly woman—“Valli found the woman at any moment.”
• “Sometimes the bus seemed on the point of gobbling another vehicle that was coming forward them or pedestrian crossing the road; But lo! Somehow it passed on smoothly, leaving all obstacles safely behind.”
• Description of the market—“Such big, bright everything.”

Madam Rides the Bus Extra Questions and Answers

Madam Rides the Bus Reference-to-Context Questions

Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
But for Valli, standing at the front door was every bit as enjoyable as any of the elaborate games other children played. Watching the street gave her many new unusual experiences.

(a) Watching the street gave Valli ……….. experiences.
Answer:
unusual

(b) Standing at the front door was every bit as ……….. as any of the games other children played.
Answer:
enjoyable

(c) The arrival of the bus was the most disgusting experience of Valli. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the meaning of the words ‘different, not normal’.
Answer:
unusual

Question 2.
The most fascinating thing of all was the bus that travelled between her village and the nearest town. It passed through her street each hour, once going to the town and once coming back. The sight of the bus, filled each time with a new set of passengers, was a source of unending joy for Valli.

(a) The most fascinating thing for Valli was the bus that ……… between her village and the nearest town.
Answer:
travelled

(b) The sight of the bus, filled with a new set of passengers, was a source of joy for Valli.
Answer:
unending

(c) The bus passed through Valli’s streat each hour, once going to the town and once coming back. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the same meaning of the words ‘extremely interesting’ in the extract.
Answer:
fascinating

Question 3.
Day after day she watched the bus, and gradually a tiny wish crept into her head and grew there: she wanted to ride on that bus, even if just once. This wish became stronger and stronger, until it was an overwhelming desire. Valli would stare wistfully at the people who got on or off the bus when it stopped at the street corner.

(a) Gradually a tiny wish crept into Valli’s head: she wanted to on that bus.
Answer:
ride

(b) Valli would wistfully at the people who got on or off -the bus daily.
Answer:
stare

(c) The bus stopped near Valli’s house. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the same meaning of the words ‘thinking sadly’ in the extract.
Answer:
wistfully

Question 4.
Their faces would kindle in her longings, dreams and hopes. If one of her friends happened to ride the bus and tried to describe the sights of the town to her, Valli would be too jealous to listen and would shout, in English: “Proud ! proud!” Neither she nor her friends really understood the meaning of the word, but they used it often as a slang expression of disapproval.

(a) The faces of the people who got on and off the bus would ………. her longing for the bus ride.
Answer:
kindle

(b) Valli was too …………. to listen the description of the bus ride by her friends.
Answer:
jealous

(c) Neither Valli nor her friends really understood ‘proud! proud!’ a slang expression of disapproval. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the meaning of the words ‘kindle’ in the extract.

Question 5.
Over many days and months Valli listened carefully to conversations between her neighbours and people who regularly used the bus, and she also asked a few discreet questions here and there.

(a) Valli heard the conversations about the and the city.
Answer:
bus journey

(b) Valli wanted to know more and more about her and the bus.
Answer:
city

(c) Valli asked a few discreet questions for a joy ride in the bus. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the same meaning of the words ‘carefully’ in the extract.
Answer:
discreet

Question 6.
This way she picked up various small details about the bus journey. The town was six miles from her village. The fare was thirty paise one way – “which is almost nothing at all,” she heard one well-dressed man say, but to Valli, who scarcely saw that much money from one month, to the next, it seemed a fortune. The trip to the town took forty-five minutes.

(a) The town was ……….. from Valli’s village.
Answer:
six miles

(b) The trip to the town took …………… minutes.
Answer:
45

(c) The fare was sixty-five paise for one way bus journey. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the meaning of ‘chance or luck’
Answer:
‘fortune’

Question 7.
Well, one fine spring day the afternoon bus was just on the point of leaving the village and turning into the main highway when a small voice was heard shouting: “Stop the bus! Stop the bus!” And a tiny hand was raised commandingly.

(a) On a fine spring day the ……….. bus was just on the point of leaving Valli’s village.
Answer:
afternoon

(b) It was Valli whose tiny stopped the bus.
Answer:
voice

(c) Valli was going to her school. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the same meaning of the word ‘powerfully’ in the extract.
Answer:
Commandingly

Question 8.
The bus slowed down to a crawl, and the conductor, sticking his head out of the door, said: “Hurry then! Tell whoever it is to come quickly.”
“It’s me,” shouted Valli. “I’m the one who has to get on.” By now the bus had come to a stop, and the conductor said: “Oh, really! You don’t say so!” “Yes, I simply have to go to town,” said Valli, still standing outside the bus, “and here’s my money.” She showed him some coins.

(a) The bus slowed down to a ………….. and the conductor asked Valli to come quickly.
Answer:
crawl

(b) Knowing the fact that a small child was travelling alone ………… the conductor.
Answer:
surprised

(c) Valli shouted because she wanted to get on the bus. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the same meaning of the phrase ‘a very slow speed’.
Answer:
crawl

Question 9.
“May we start now, madam?” the conductor asked, smiling. Then he blew his whistle twice, and the bus moved forward with a roar.

(a) The conductor blew his ……….. twice and the bus moved forward with a roar.
Answer:
whistle

(b) The conductor addressed Valli ……….. smiling.
Answer:
madam

(c) Valli blew the whistle to stop the bus. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the meaning of the word, ‘a loud noise in the extract.
Answer:
roar

Question 10.
It was a new bus, its outside painted a gleaming white with some green stripes along the sides. Inside, the overhead bars shone like silver. Directly in front of Valli, above the windshield, there was a beautiful clock. The seats were soft and luxurious.

(a) The outside of the bus was painted a white with some green stripes along the sides.
Answer:
gleaming

(b) Inside the bus, the overhead bars shone like
Answer:
Silver

(c) Directly in front of Valli, above the windshield, there was a beautiful globe. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the meaning of the word, ‘a glass screen’.
Answer:
windshield

Question 11.
Valli devoured everything with her eyes. But when she started to look outside, she found her view cut off by a canvas blind that covered the lower part of her window. So she stood up on the seat and peered over the blind.

(a) Valli everything with her eyes.
Answer:
devoured

(b) Valli started to look at the outside view very keenly because she wanted to every moment of her bus journey.
Answer:
enjoy

(c) Valli stood up on the seat as she could not see outside clearly. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the meaning of the word, ‘screen’ in the extract.
Answer:
blind

Question 12.
An elderly woman came and sat beside her. “Are you all alone, dear?” she asked Valli as the bus started again.
Valli found the woman absolutely repulsive—such big holes she had in her ear lobes, and such ugly earrings in them! And she could smell the betel nut the woman was chewing and see the betel juice that was threatening to spill over her lips at any moment.

(a) Valli found the elderly woman absolutely ……………
Answer:
repulsive

(b) The elderly woman asked Valli if she was going ……….
Answer:
all alone.

(c) Valli liked the elder woman’s big holes in her ear lobes, and such ugly earrings in them! . (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the meaning of the word, ‘strong dislike’ in the extract’.
Answer:
repulsive

Question 13.
“Do you know exactly where you’re going in town? What’s the street? What’s the house number?” “You needn’t bother about me. I can take care of myself,” Valli said, turning her face towards the window and staring out.

(a) An old woman enquired Valli about her
Answer:
whereabouts

(b) Valli turned her face towards the because she did not like the old woman.
Answer:
window

(c) Valli was a courageous and confident girl. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the same meaning of the word, ‘gaze’ in the extract’.
Answer:
stare out

Question 14.
The bus slowed to a crawl, and the driver sounded his horn loudly again and again. But the more he honked, the more frightened the animal became and the faster it galloped—always right in front of the bus.

(a) The bus slowed to a crawl when a was running very fast ahead of it.
Answer:
young cow

(b) The cow was frightened by the repeated of the driver.
Answer:
honking

(c) The driver of the bus was sounded his horn repeatedly to stop galloping of the cow. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the meaning of the word, ‘running very fast’ in the extract’.
Answer:
‘gallop’.

Question 15.
Struck dumb with wonder, Valli gaped at everything. Then the bus stopped and everyone got off except Valli.
“Hey, lady,” said the conductor, “aren’t you ready to get off? This is as for as your thirty paise takes you.”

(a) Struck dumb with wonder, Valli at everything.
Answer:
gaped

(b) The bus stopped and everyone got off except
Answer:
Valli

(c) Valli was struck dumb with wonder to see the wonderful thing outside. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the same meaning of ‘astomishment’ in the extract’.
Answer:
wonder

Question 16.
“Won’t your mother be looking for you?” the conductor asked when he gave the girl her ticket. “No, no one will be looking for me,” she said. The bus started, and again there were the same wonderful sights.

(a) Valli’s mother did not know where she was
Answer:
going

(b) The conductor asked her if her would be looking for her.
Answer:
mother

(c) When the bus started again there were horrible sights outside. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the same meaning of ‘set off in the extract.
Answer:
started

Question 17.
Valli wasn’t bored in the slightest and greeted everything with the same excitement she’d felt the first time. But suddenly she saw a young cow lying dead by the roadside, just where it had been struck by some fast-moving vehicle.

(a) Happily, Valli greeted everything with the same
Answer:
excitement

(b) The scene of a cow changed her mood.
Answer:
dead

(c) Villi was glad on seeing a dead cow on her return journey. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the same meaning of ‘hit’ in the extract’.
Answer:
struck

Question 18.
“Isn’t that the same cow that ran in front of the bus on our trip to town?” She asked the conductor. The conductor nodded, and she was overcome with sadness. What had been a lovable, beautiful creature just a little while ago had now suddenly lost its charm and its life and looked so horrible, so frightening as it lay there, legs spreadeagled, a fixed stare in its lifeless eyes, blood all over.

(a) Death of the cow made her extremely
Answer:
sad

(b) Life looked and frightening due to the death of the cow.
Answer:
horrible

(c) The conductor nodded and Valli was overcome with sadness. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the same meaning of ‘overwhelmed’ in the extract.
Answer:
overcome

Question 19.
“Yes you’re right,” her mother said. “So many things in our midst and in the world outside. How can we possibly know about everything? And even when we do know about something, we often can’t understand it completely, can we?”

(a) There were so many things in the world outside but we do not have of everything.
Answer:
knowledge

(b) According to Valli’s mother, her aunt was right to say that one cannot ………. anything completely knowing something. ”
Answer:
understand

(c) On hearing the conversation, Valli felt that, they might know about her first bus ride. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Find the same meaning of word ‘comprehend’ in the extract.
Answer:
Understand

Madam Rides the Bus Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
How did Valli react when she saw the dead cow by the roadside? [Delhi 2016]
Answer:
When Valli saw the dead cow by the roadside, she was overwhelmed with sadness. The memory of the dead cow haunted her, depressing her enthusiasm. She no longer wanted to look out of the window.

Question 2.
Who was Valliammai? What was her favourite pastime?
Answer:
Valliammai was an eight-year-old girl. She was a mature girl but did not have any playmate of her age. Her favourite pastime was standing in the front doorway of her house, watching what was happening in the street outside.

Question 3.
What was the most fascinating thing that Valli saw on the street? [Delhi 2019]
Answer:
Valli did not have any playmate of her age. She had a pastime of watching outside in the street. She
used to watch the new passengers boarding the bus every day. The arrival of the bus was the most fascinating scene in the street for Valli. She watched the passengers boarding the bus and to listen to their conversation. The sight of the bus was a source of unending joy for Valli.

Question 4.
What did Valli wish? How did this desire creep in her mind?
Answer:
Valli wished to have a ride on the bus. She used to listen to the passengers’ conversation carefully. She heard about the city and many more things through them. A tiny wish crept into her mind and became a desire.

Question 5.
Why did Valli feel jealous of her friend?
Answer:
Valli had a strong desire to ride the bus. One of her friends had already visited the city. She wanted to describe her experience to Valli. Valli was so jealous that she did not listen to her and shouted ‘Proud! Proud!’

Question 6.
Why did Valli collect the information about the bus?
Answer:
Valli had a strong desire to ride the bus. She had to plan her journey to the city by the bus. So she started collecting information about the distance, time and fare of the journey.

Question 7.
What information did Valli collect about the bus journey?
Answer:
Valli collected some details of the journey. The city was six miles from her village. The fare was thirty paise one way. The trip takes forty five minutes one way. Now she could plan her journey by the bus in an easy way.

Question 8.
How did Valli slip away from her house?
Answer:
Valli had calculated that if she left her house at one o’clock she would be back by two forty-five. This was the time she could be away without the knowledge of her mother. She slipped from her house and boarded the bus.

Question 9.
How did the conductor treat Valli? How did Valli feel when the conductor called her ‘My Fine Madam’?
Answer:
When Valli got into the bus, the conductor treated her as a child. He asked her who was coming in the bus. Valli told him confidently that it was she only. She bought the ticket and the conductor called her ‘Madam’ jokingly. The conductor was a jolly fellow. Valli did not like him treating her as a child. Her temperament made the conductor call her ‘Madam’. Valli was overcome with shyness.

Question 10.
What did Valli see beyond the bank of a canal while on the busride?
Answer:
While on the bus ride, Valli saw beyond the canal through the window. There were palm trees, grassland, distant mountains and the blue sky. It was a wonderful scene for Valli.

Question 11.
What did the conductor advise Valli while on the bus?
Answer:
The conductor advised Valli to sit on her seat properly. She had taken a full ticket and need not stand on the seat. Moreover, she could have hurt herself while standing on the seat and watching outside.

Question 12.
Why did Valli rebuke the elderly woman on the bus?
Answer:
The elderly woman treated Valli as a child. She asked her many questions. She tried to make Valli feel that it was not proper for a child to travel alone. Valli did not like her appearance and unnecessary interference. She rebuked her saying that she was not a child and she could take care of herself.

Question 13.
Why did Valli not get down from the bus in the town?
Answer:
Valli did not get off the bus at the bus station because she had to come back to her village by the same bus. When the conductor asked her to get down, she refused to do so. She was afraid of moving alone. Moreover, she did not have money to buy things from there.

Question 14.
How did Valli react on seeing the cow for the first time?
Answer:
On her way to the city, Valli saw a small cow running in front of the bus. She was filled with joy. She laughed wholeheartedly until her eyes filled with tears. She saw life in the form of a cow.

Question 15.
Why did she become sad while returning from the town?
Answer:
She became sad while coming back from the city. She saw a dead cow on the road. It was the same cow that filled her with joy only a while ago. The scene of dead cow haunted her and she could not enjoy her back journey.

Question 16.
What did Valli find her mother doing when she came back?
Answer:
When Valli came back from the city, she found her mother standing and conversing with one of her aunts. They were discussing the things happening outside the world.

Question 17.
What was the topic of discussion between Valli’s mother and her aunt?
Answer:
They were discussing the things happening outside the city and they were unable to understand them.

Question 18.
What did Valli remark when she heard the conversation between her mother and her aunt?
Answer:
When Valli heard the conversation between her mother and her aunt, she remarked that she agreed with what they said about things happening outside without their knowledge.

Madam Rides the Bus Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Valli got jealous every time one of her friends told her about the bus ride and the sights of the town. Do you think jealousy is a positive trait? What should be done to keep jealous thoughts away?
Answer:
Valli has a deep desire to visit the town and experience a bus journey. The world outside holds a charm for her. Whenever one of her friends tells Valli about her bus ride and the sights of the town, she gets jealous and tells them to shut up. Jealousy is not a positive trait. It’s a negative feeling that arises out of hatred and contempt for others. We must not ever be jealous of others instead, we must share the achievements and happiness of our friends. We should feel inspired by their accounts and try to achieve our goal with all our heart.

Question 2.
Valli posed herself to be very confident when the conductor offered her help to ride the bus. Later on she felt shy when all laughed at her. What does this tell you about Valli’s character? What do we learn from her character?
Answer:
Valli posed to be very confident in front of the conductor when he offered her help to ride the bus. This shows her confidence, intelligence and careful nature. But when everybody laughed at her, she felt shy. She was innocent too. Being aware of that fact that she was travelling for the first time, she was taking every precaution not to be fooled by anybody.

Although she should not have travelled alone yet it was wise on her part to behave confidently. Sometimes, situations arise when a child has to travel or live alone. In such a situation, it is necessary for children to get training in order to be self-confident. She teaches us to be confidant, compassionate and sympathetic towards others.

Question 3.
Valli dared to travel alone in the bus and behaved haughtily with everyone who showed care and concern for her. Why do you think she was behaving in such a way? Was it proper on her part to go to the city without the knowledge of her mother? What advice would you give to such children?
Answer.
As Valli was travelling alone in a bus for the first time, it was natural on her part to behave like this. Initially she seemed haughty but later on she joined other people, though maintaining a distance. In fact, Valli was a very confident and mature girl. She saved her pocket money and planned carefully for the journey. She knew that the world outside was strange to her so she was being extra cautious. I appreciate her sense of responsibility but it was also not proper on her part to go out alone without telling her parents. Children must confide in their parents in whatever they do. Our elders have experience and knowledge and under their guidance, we can make our life a success.

Question 4.
Valli sternly refused the conductor’s offer of a cold drink though she might be willing to have one. What lesson do you learn from her gesture?
Answer:
By the end of the journey, the conductor had got quite fond of Valli. When the bus reached its destination, the conductor went to the nearby stall to have something to drink. He offered to bring one for Valli as a treat from him but Valli refused sternly. She didn’t have much money and out of the feeling of self-respect she was not ready to take obligation either.

Such a conduct from an eight year old girl shows her good upbringing. We learn not to be greedy and live within our means. We must not get lured by the attractions, however strong they may be. It is always wise to spend money judiciously. Children must not waste their pocket money on unwanted items.

Question 5.
The sight of the dead cow filled Valli with sadness. The harsh reality of life and death are shown through this episode. What kind of life do you think one must have to live peacefully until death comes?
Answer:
On her way to the town, Valli saw a young cow running helter-skelter. She got very amused and laughed a lot. But while on her return journey to the town, she saw the same cow lying dead in a pool of blood by the side of the road. Valli got very upset and lost her enthusiasm of looking outside the window.

The episode reveals the fact that life is transitory. Death is uncertain. God has given us a very precious life so we must not waste it in doing wrong deeds. Our aim in life should be to live happily with our friends, neighbours and relatives. Leaving all the negative thoughts like anger, jealousy, greed and pride, etc. a person can feel calm, and peaceful at heart. Death is a harsh reality but life is beautiful. We must not lose an opportunity to live it to the fullest by getting entangled in the webs of life.

Question 6.
Valli’s journey to the town is also her induction into the mystery of life and death. Such real experiences of life make us mature. Do you agree? Elaborate.
Answer:
It is true that Valli’s journey to the town is also her induction into the mystery of life and death. While on her way to the town, Valli saw a cow running very fast in the middle of the road, right in front of the bus. Valli was very happy. She kept on laughing until her eyes welled up with tears. She saw life in the image of a cow.

This is what life gives us, happiness and enjoyment. On her way back home, she saw a dead cow lying on the road. It was killed in a road accident. Valli recognised it. It was the same cow which filled her life with happiness and joy a short while ago. She was upset and realised how death can change the things. Something that was lovable and charming a while ago had lost all the charms. Yes, such real-life experiences make one mature. It’s a great lesson of life.

Question 7.
Imagine you are Valli. On your return journey the sighting of a dead cow changed your mood. You were very upset. Write a diary entry expressing your feelings.
Answer:
Dear Diary,
Date: 17 July, Saturday
A dream came true today when a long cherished wish of riding the bus was fulfilled. It was a wonderful and exciting experience. While going to the city watching a small cow filled me with joy. I laughed wholeheartedly. It was funny to see her, running in front of the bus. On my journey back, I saw a dead cow lying on the road. I asked the conductor if that was the same cow. When I came to know that it was the same cow, I was so upset that I lost all the charm of the beauty outside. A cow that filled me with joy and happiness only a moment ago was lying dead! I could see the blood coming out of its nose. It was so haunting that I could not enjoy my journey back.

Question 8.
Valli is a very sensitive girl. She is different from ordinary people who are becoming more and more callous and insensitive to the joys and sufferings of the people around them. She grieves the accidental death of the young cow. Do you think the values of being sensitive and sympathetic are missing from our society? What do you learn from Valli?
Answer:
It is true that Valli is a very sensitive girl. She is different from ordinary people who are becoming more and more callous and insensitive to the joys and sufferings of the people around them. She grieves the accidental death of the young cow. She was very happy while going to the city. She was happy seeing the young cow and enjoyed her activity.

When she was back and found the cow dead, she was very upset and grieved by her death. It shows that she was very sensitive. No doubt the values of being sensitive and sympathetic are missing from our society. These values must be restored and inculcated in the new generation. Today we find people very callous and insensitive towards the victim of road accidents. In some cases, the victim is not given any help and dies on the road itself. We must be sensitive towards them. Valli gives us a lesson that we should be sensitive to our surroundings and people.

Question 9.
Curiosity is the mother of learning. If one has an urge to know more about anything, one learns many things. Valli also has an urge to know more and more about things and her surroundings which makes her an intelligent, confident and mature girl. What traits of her character make her so? What do you learn from her character?
Answer:
Curiosity is the mother of learning. If one has an urge to know more about anything, one learns many things. Valli also has an urge to know more and more about things and her surroundings. The people and surroundings are a good book to learn. Valli in the lesson, ‘Madam Rides the Bus’ learns a lot from others. She is a small inquisitive girl of eight years. She always enjoys standing in the front . door of the house to watch various activities going in the house. She is very confident.

She has a deep urge to travel by bus so she listened carefully to the conversation of the neighbours. She has a lot of questions and does not hesitate in asking them. She sometimes asks discreet questions to get details about the journey. While on her journey to the town she becomes friendly with the conductor who gives her a lot of information. Her curious nature makes her intelligent and confident. I, as a student, learn from her that we should have an urge to know more. It makes one confident and intelligent.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English

Amanda NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem 6

Amanda NCERT Text Book Questions and Answers

Amanda Thinking about the Poem

Question 1.
How old do you think Amanda is? How do you know this?
Answer:
Amanda is about eleven to thirteen years old because she is neither very old to take care of herself nor very young to ignore cleaning the room.

Question 2.
Who do you think is speaking to her?
Answer:
Her parents are speaking to her.

Question 3.
Why are the stanzas 2, 4 and 6 given in parenthesis?
Answer:
Para 2, 4 and 6 are given in parentheses because those thoughts are taking place in Amanda’s imagination and not in reality.

Question 4.
Who is the speaker in stanzas 2, 4 and 6? Do you think this speaker is listening to the speaker in stanzas 1, 3, 5 and 7 ?
Answer:
The speaker in stanzas 2, 4 and 6 is Amanda herself. Yes, the speaker of these lines is listening to the speaker of other lines as images are a reaction to the statements made by the parents.

Question 5.
What could Amanda do if she were a mermaid?
Answer:
If Amanda were a mermaid, she would drift aimlessly at the beautiful sea without any interference of others.

Question 6.
Is Amanda an orphan? Why does she say so?
Answer:
No, Amanda is not an orphan. She says so because she is fed up with her parents’ nagging all the time. She wishes to be like an orphan who does not have anyone to shout all the time.

Question 7.
Do you know the story of Rapunzel? Why does she want to be Rapunzel?
Answer:
Rapunzel is a beautiful princess living in a tranquil tower. She has beautiful long hair. She lets her bright hair down. A prince climbs on the tower through her hair. She wants to be Rapunzel because she wants to be left all alone like Rapunzel.

Question 8.
What does the girl yearn for? What does the poem tell you about Amanda?
Answer:
The girl yearns for her privacy. She wants to be left alone so that she could do whatever she wants to do without any interference from her parents. Amanda is a moody girl. She wants to lead a life free from bondages and she is very imaginative.

Question 9.
Read the last stanza. Do you think Amanda is sulking and moody?
Answer:
Amanda is a very moody child. She does not react to the demands of her parents.

Amanda Extra Questions and Answers

Amanda Reference-to-Context Questions

Read the stanza given below and answer the questions that follow:

Question 1.
Don’t bite your nails, Amanda!
Don’t hunch your shoulders, Amanda!
Stop that slouching and sit up straight,
Amanda!

(a) Amanda is asked not to bite her nails and her shoulders.
Answer:
hunch

(b) Amanda’s mother asked Amanda to stop and sit up straight.
Answer:
slouching

(c) Amanda’s mother was pleased with Amanda for biting her nails.
Answer:
False

(d) Find the same meaning of the ‘drooping’ in the extract.
Answer:
slouching

Question 2.
(I am an orphan, roaming the street.
I pattern soft dust with my hushed, bare feet.
The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet.)

(a) Amanda imagines herself to be an
Answer:
orphan

(b) Amanda wants
Answer:
freedom

(c) The silence is golden, but the freedom is bitter.
Answer:
False

(d) Find the same meaning of ‘silent’ in the extract.
Answer:
hushed

Question 3.
Don’t eat that chocolate, Amanda!
Remember your acne, Amanda!
Will you please look at me when I’m speaking to you, Amanda.

(a) Amanda is not ready to leave the ………. of eating chocolates.
Answer:
habit

(b) Amanda is advised not to eat chocolate because she is suffering from
Answer:
acne

(c) Amanda gives importance to her mother’s advice
Answer:
False

(d) Find the same meaning of ‘pimples’ in the extract.
Answer:
acne

Question 4.
Stop that sulking at once, Amanda!
You’re always so moody, Amanda!
Anyone would think that I nagged at you,
Amanda!

(a) Amanda is a …….. girl.
Answer:
moody

(b) Amanda is advised to stop
Answer:
sulking

(c) Amanda is moody because she does not want to listen to the instructions. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Find the same meaning of ‘pestered’ in the extract.
Answer:
nagged

Amanda Long Answer Question

Question 1.
‘Living with one’s head in the air’ is what Amanda epitomizes. Justify with examples from the poem.
Answer:
Instead of paying attention to the diktat of not biting her nails and sitting upright, Amanda daydreams about an emerald sea where she is the sole mermaid. Pensively, Amanda imagines herself a neglected urchin-cum-orphan, patterning soft dust with unshod feet. Instead of hearing the warnings about not eating the chocolate as it will bring on the acne, and listen attentively, Amanda imagines she is Rapunzel, with long tresses.

Amanda imagines that like the fairy-story character, she will dwell in the tower quietly and take care not to let down her hair lest the witch climbs up with its help. Ultimately, Amanda is given an ultimatum to stop being moody and sulking, whereas Amanda is simply daydreaming.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English

A Gift of Chappals NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 2

A Gift of Chappals NCERT Text Book Questions and Answers

A Gift of Chappals Comprehension check-I

Question 1.
What is the secret that Meena shares with Mridu in the backyard?
Answer:
The secret that Meena shares with Mridu in the backyard is that they have brought home a stray cat and have hidden her in their backyard. They wanted to keep the cat a secret from their grandmother.

Question 2.
How does Ravi get milk for the kitten?
Answer:
Ravi brings milk from his kitchen secretly, but when his grandmother sees him, he tells her it is for him. He drinks some of it and insists that he would wash the tumbler himself after drinking the milk. Later he goes and feeds the cat milk in a coconut shell. He returns hurriedly to keep the tumbler back at its place after washing it.

Question 3.
Who does he say the kitten s ancestors are? Do you believe him?
Answer:
He says that the kitten’s ancestors are the ancient Pallava kings, and it has descended from an Egyptian cat-goddess, Bastet. No, I do not believe him at all because it is a make-believe story that he creates using his imagination.

Question 4.
Ravi has a lot to say about M.P. Poonai. This shows that
i. he is merely trying to impress Mridu.
iii. he has a rich imagination.
ii. his knowledge of history is sound.
iv. he is an intelligent child.
Which of these statements do you agree/disagree to?
iii. he has a rich imagination.
I think that Ravi is intelligent and also quite imaginative. This is not to say that he does not have a sound knowledge of history, because he seems to know about the Pallava kings as well as the Egyptian gods. He is also trying to impress Mridu with his story about the cat.

Question 5.
What was the noise that startled Mridu and frightened Mahendran?
Answer:
The noise that startled Mridu and frightened Mahendran was the sound of Lalli playing violin, but she was not playing very well.

A Gift of Chappals Comprehension check-II

Question 1.
The music master is making lovely music. Read aloud the sentence in the text that expresses this idea.
Answer:
The following sentences from the text express this idea:

• The music-master just goes on playing like a train whizzing on and on
• The music-master’s notes seemed to float up and settle perfectly into the invisible tracks of the melody. It was like the wheels of a train fitting smoothly into the rails and whizzing along, as Ravi said.
• Mridu stared at that huge, beringed hand moving effortlessly up the violin’s stem, making lovely music.

Question 2.
Had the beggar come to Rukku Manni’s house for the first time? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
No, the beggar had been coming to Rukku Manni’s house for a week now. When he enters their home, he casually tries to take up a place under the tree. He is just ready to nap there and sits comfortably waiting for food. He also calls the women of Ravi’s house generous as they had been feeding him for a week.

Question 3.
“A sharp V-shaped line had formed between her eyebrows. ” What does it suggest to you about Rukku Manni s mood?
Answer:
This suggests that Rukku Manni was upset and annoyed. She was full of rage and in no mood to spare the person who had caused her so much inconvenience.

A Gift of Chappals Working with the text

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences.
i. Ravi compares Lalli s playing the violin to ……………….
a derailed train.

ii. Trying to hide beneath the tray of chillies, Mahendran ………………….
tipped a few chillies over himself.

iii. The teacher played a few notes on his violin, and Lalli ……………
stumbled behind him on her violin.

iv. The beggar said that the kind ladies of the household ……………..
have given him food for a whole week.

v. After the lesson was over, the music teacher asked Lalli if …………….
she had seen his chappals.

Question 2.
Describe the music teacher, as seen from the window.
Answer:
From the window, the music teacher seemed like a bony figure. He had a mostly bald head with a fringe of oiled black hair falling around his ears and an old-fashioned tuft. A gold chain gleamed around his leathery neck, and a diamond ring glittered on his hand as it glided up and down the stem of the violin. A large foot stuck out from beneath his gold-bordered veshti edge, and he was beating time on the floor with the scrawny big toe.

Question 3.
i. What makes Mridu conclude that the beggar has no money to buy chappals?
ii. What does she suggest to show her concern?
Answer:
i. Mridu looks at the pink blisters that have formed on the beggar’s feet, and concludes that the beggar has no money to buy chappals.
ii. She suggests that they could give the beggar a pair if there was an old pair lying in the house somewhere.

Question 4.
“Have you children… ” she began, and then, seeing they were curiously quiet, went on more slowly, “seen anyone lurking around the verandah? ”
i. What do you think Rukku Manni really wanted to ask?
ii. Why did she change her question?
iii. What did she think had happened?
Answer:
i. In my opinion, Rukku Manni really wanted to ask if the children had seen the music teacher’s chappals anywhere.
ii. She changed her question because she sensed that the children had something to do with the disappearance of the chappals. She understood this because the children were curiously quiet at that time.
iii. She thought that someone had stolen the chappals as a lot of vendors came to their door every day.

Question 5.
On getting Gopu Mama’s chappals, the music teacher tried not to look too happy. Why?
Answer:
On getting Gopu Mama’s chappals, the music teacher tried not to look too happy because his chappals were old and worn out, but in return, he got chappals that were new and hardly worn.

Question 6.
On getting a gift of chappals, the beggar vanished in a minute. Why was he in such a hurry to leave?
Answer:
The beggar was in such a hurry to leave because he knew that the children had given him the chappals without asking permission from their elders. An elder could have easily intervened and took the chappals away from him. They would have also scolded the beggar for taking them from the children.

Question 7.
Walking towards the kitchen with Mridu and Meena, Rukku Manni began to laugh.What made her laugh?
Answer:
The thought that her husband would be looking for his chappals the minute he would come home made Rukku Manni laugh. She must have been imagining the hilariousness of the situation when her husband finds out that the music-teacher took away his chappals.

A Gift of Chappals Working with language

Question 1.
Rewrite each of the following pairs of sentences as a single sentence. Use ‘if ’at the beginning of the sentence.
i. Don’t tire yourself now. You won’t be able to work in the evening.
ii. Study regularly. You ’ll do well in the examination.
iii. Work hard. You ’ll pass the examination in the first division.
iv. Be polite to people. They ’ll also be polite to you. ‘
v. Don’t tease the dog. It ’ll bite you.
Answer:
i. If you tire yourself now, you won’t be able to work in the evening.
ii. If you study regularly, you’ll do well in the examination.
iii. If you work hard, you’ll pass the examination in the first division.
iv. If you are polite to people, they’ll also be polite to you.
v. If you tease the dog, it’ll bite you.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph.
With answers.
Today is Sunday. I’m wondering whether I should stay at home or go out. If I go out,
I will miss the lovely Sunday lunch at home. If I stay for lunch, I will miss the Sunday film showing at Archana Theatre. I think I’ll go out and see the film, only to avoid getting too fat.

Question 3.
Complete each sentence below by appropriately using any one of the following:
if you want to/if you don i want to/if you want him to

1. if you don’t want to.
2. if you want him to.
3. if you want to.
4. if you want him to.
5. if you want him to.
6. if you don’t want to.

A Gift of Chappals Speaking and writing

Question 1.
Discuss in small groups:
(i) If you want to give away something of your own to the needy, would it be better to ask your elders first?
(ii) Is there someone of your age in the family who is very talkative? Do you find her/him interesting and impressive or otherwise? Share your ideas with others in the group.
(iii) Has Rukku Manni done exactly the same as the children? In your opinion, then, is it right for one party to blame the other? (Encourage the students to express their opinions clearly in the class.)Sample answers
Answer:
(i) Yes, I think it would be better to ask the elders first because the elders at my home do a lot of charity. They do not believe in having an excess of things. So mostly, we give away things every few months to the needy. I would never want to go behind their back and give away something that they think is still useful, or something for which they have another use in mind.

(ii) Yes. My cousin Kunal is the most talkative person in the family. He is five years elder to me, and tells us so many stories. He lives in Chennai, and tells us all about it. I find his stories to be very interesting, though sometimes I think he is making them up. He talks about magical places, fairies and wizards.

(iii) Yes, Rukku Manni has done exactly the same thing as the children. But she did not have any other choice. She is an adult, and she has the right to do whatever she pleases with the things at her home. She can easily explain the situation to her husband. In my opinion, she is right in chiding the children, because they put her in an embarrassing situation. But she takes it well. She is not furious with the children, but instead, she laughs it all off.

Question 2.
Ask one another questions about likes/dislikes/preferences/hobbies/personal characteristics.
(Encourage the students to ask each other the given questions.)Sample answers
Answer:

1. I enjoy taking a nap, playing with my sister, doing my home work, swimming, etc.
2. I like to play hopscotch, tag, badminton and many other games. I also like cycling, running, doing yoga and reading.
3. I don’t like to play cricket because it is a very slow game. I prefer to play football.
4. I wouldn’t mind that at all. In fact, I have an ipod and you can borrow it from me whenever you want.
5. It’s fine with me if you snore. I am a heavy sleeper. I wouldn’t even notice. Maybe, you can get earplugs for me if you snore too much.
6. Well, I can’t share my teddy bear with anyone. His name is Andy, and he is very dear to me.
7. Oh, I absolutely love attending parties.
8. I think I am an easy-going person, who knows how to enjoy life and be a sport.

These NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 4 चाँद से थोड़ी-सी गप्पें Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts.

चाँद से थोड़ी-सी गप्पें NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 4

Class 6 Hindi Chapter 4 चाँद से थोड़ी-सी गप्पें Textbook Questions and Answers

अभ्यास प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
कविता में ‘पहने हुए हैं आप कुल आकाश’ कहकर लड़की क्या कहना चाहती है ?
उत्तर:
लड़की यह कहना चाहती है कि सारा आकाश तुम्हारे चारों ओर है ऐसा लगता है जैसे यह सम्पूर्ण आकाश ही तुम्हारे वस्त्र हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
‘हमको बुद्धू ही निरा समझा है।’ कहकर लड़की क्या कहना चाहती है?
उत्तर:
लड़की कहना चाहती है कि आपको घटने और फिर बढ़ने की बीमारी है। हम तुम्हारी इस बीमारी को जानते हैं इसलिए हमको निरा बुद्धू मत समझो।

प्रश्न 3.
आशय बताओ
‘यह मरज़ आपका अच्छा ही नहीं होने में आता है।’
उत्तर:
आशय : चाँद पन्द्रह दिन अमावस्या के अगले दिन से लेकर पूर्णिमा तक बड़ा होता है। पूर्णिमा के अगले दिन से अमावस्या तक फिर वह छोटा होता चला जाता है। चाँद का यह क्रम निरंतर चलता रहता है।

प्रश्न 4.
कवि ने चाँद से ये गप्पें किस दिन लगाई होंगी ? इस कविता में आई बातों की मदद से अनुमान लगाएँ।
दिन / कारण
पूर्णिमा / ………………………
अष्टमी से पूर्णिमा के बीच / ………………………
प्रथमा से अष्टमी के बीच / ………………………
उत्तर:
कवि ने चाँद से बातें प्रथमा से अष्टमी के बीच की होंगी क्योंकि इसमें चंद्रमा के अधिक से अधिक घटने एवं पूरा गोल होने का वर्णन है।

प्रश्न 5.
नई कविता में तुक या छंद का प्रयोग प्रायः नहीं होता, लेकिन बिंब से आशय उस तस्वीर से है जो शब्दों को पढ़ते समय हमारे मन में उभरती है। कई बार नए कवि शब्दों की ध्वनि की मदद से ऐसी तस्वीर बनाते हैं, और कुछ कवि अक्षरों या शब्दों को इस तरह छापने पर बल देते हैं कि उनसे कई चित्र हमारे मन में बनें। इस कविता के अन्तिम हिस्से में चाँद को एकदम गोल बताने के लिए कवि ने “बिलकुल” शब्द के अक्षरों को अलग-अलग करके लिखा है। तुम इस कविता के किन और शब्दों को चित्र की आकृति देना चाहोगे/चाहोगी? ऐसे शब्दों को अपने ढंग से लिखकर दिखाओ।
उत्तर:
जरा – ज़ रा
कुल – कु ल
यानी – या नी

अनुमान और कल्पना

प्रश्न 1.
कुछ लोग बड़ी जल्दी चिढ़ जाते हैं, यदि चाँद का स्वभाव भी आसानी से चिढ़ जाने का हो तो वह किन बातों से सबसे ज्यादा चिढ़ेगा?
उत्तर:
यदि चाँद आसानी से चिढ़ने लगे तो वह अपने घटते-बढ़ते रूप से चिढ़ेगा या चाँद पर जो धब्बे दिखाई देते हैं उनसे चिढ़ेगा और यदि कोई उसे लाल टमाटर जैसा कहेगा इससे भी वह चिढ़ सकता है।

प्रश्न 2.
चिढ़ कर वह उन बातों का क्या जवाब देगा? अपनी कल्पना से चाँद की ओर से दिए गए जवाब लिखो।
उत्तर:
चिढ़ कर चाँद कहेगा मेरा रूप तुमसे अच्छा है। मैं अपने रूप को निरंतर परिवर्तित करने की शक्ति रखता हूँ। मैं टमाटर की तरह लाल हूँ यह लाली मेरे स्वास्थ्य की निशानी है।

प्रश्न 3.
यदि कोई सूरज से गप्पें लगाए तो वह क्या लिखेगा? अपनी कल्पना से गद्य या पद्य में लिखें। इसी तरह की कुछ और गप्पें इनमें से किसी एक या दो से बातें करके लिखें:
(क) पेड़, (ख) बिजली का खंभा, (ग) सड़क, (घ) पैट्रोल पंप
उत्तर:
हे सूरज! तुम इतने गर्म क्यों हो ?
तुम्हारी गर्मी, सर्दी में तो अच्छी लगती है,
पर गर्मी में बिल्कुल नहीं।
सर्दी में आप बहुत सुहावने लगते हो,
गर्मी में तुम आग के गोले लगते हो,
तुम्हारी तरफ हम देख भी नहीं सकते,
केवल सुबह शाम को छोड़कर,
क्या तुम गुस्से में रहते हो।
यदि हाँ तो तुम्हें गुस्सा क्यों आता है?

(क) पेड़
हे पेड़ तुम कितने महान हो,
तुम सबको छाया देते हो,
फल देते हो,
परन्तु कभी-कभी तुम्हारे फल तोड़ना मुश्किल हो जाता है।
तुम थोड़ा नीचे होते तो कितना अच्छा होता,
फिर भी तुम अच्छे लगते हो।
तुम पर्यावरण को शुद्ध करते हो,
तुम महान हो।

(ख) बिजली का खंभा
हे बिजली के खंभे!
तुम इतने क्यों तने हो
क्या तुम्हें झुकना नहीं आता।
वैसे तो तुम घर-घर में बिजली पहुँचाते हो
परन्तु तुम्हारी सदा चुपचाप रहने की
आदत अच्छी नहीं लगती।

(ग) सड़क
हे सड़क! तुम कितनी सहनशील हो?
तुममें इतनी शक्ति कहाँ से आई है,
तुम सदा अपने ऊपर से बड़े-बड़े वाहनों को जाने देती हो,
क्या तुम्हें पीड़ा नहीं होती?
तुम इतना कैसे सहती हो?
तुममें इतनी सहनशीलता कहाँ से आई है?

(ग) पैट्रोल पंप
हे पैट्रोल पंप! तुम्हारे अंदर कितना तेल समाया है?
यह कभी खत्म होने का नाम ही नहीं लेता।
तेरे कारण सारी दुनिया सड़कों पर दौड़ रही है।
वायुयान और ट्रेन भी तुम्हारे कारण दौड़ लगाते हैं।
तुममें यह शक्ति कहाँ से आई ?
तुम हमारे लिए बहुत उपयोगी हो।

भाषा की बात

प्रश्न 1.
चाँद संज्ञा है। चाँदनी विशेषण है।
नीचे दिए गए विशेषणों को ध्यान से देखो और बताओ कि कौन-सा प्रत्यय जुड़ने पर विशेषण बन रहे हैं। इन विशेषणों के लिए एक-एक उपयुक्त संज्ञा भी लिखो-
गुलाबी पगड़ी / मखमली घास / कीमती गहने
ठंडी रात / जंगली फूल / कश्मीरी भाषा
उत्तर:
ये सभी विशेषण ‘ई’ प्रत्यय जुड़ने से बने हैं।
गुलाबी साड़ी / मखमली घास / कीमती पुस्तक
ठंडी खीर / जंगली जानवर / कश्मीरी कन्या

प्रश्न 2.
गोल-मटोल, गोरा-चिट्टा
कविता में आए शब्दों के इन जोड़ों में अंतर यह है कि चिट्टा का अर्थ सफेद है और गोरा से मिलता-जुलता है जबकि मटोल अपने आप में कोई शब्द नहीं है। यह शब्द ‘मोटा’ से बना है। ऐसे चार-चार शब्द युग्म सोचकर लिखो और उनका वाक्यों में प्रयोग करो।
उत्तर:
खाना – वाना
चाय – वाय
घर – वर
शराब – वराब
खाना-वाना – खाना-वाना तो अच्छा ही बना है।
चाय-वाय – यहाँ चाय-वाय का भी कुछ प्रबंध है या नहीं।
घर-वर – क्या आज घर-वर जाने का इरादा नहीं है।
शराब-वराब – मैं तो शराब-वराब को हाथ भी लगाना पसंद नहीं करता।

प्रश्न 3.
‘बिलकुल गोल’ – कविता में इसके दो अर्थ हैं-
(क) गोल आकार का
(ख) गायब होना!
ऐसे तीन शब्द सोचकर उनसे ऐसे वाक्य बनाओ कि शब्दों के दो-दो अर्थ निकलते हों।
उत्तर:
अंक- नंदन का जनवरी का अंक बहुत अच्छा था।
माता ने पुत्र को अंक में भर लिया।

कृष्ण- कृष्ण की गोपियाँ दीवानी थीं।
कौआ कृष्ण वर्ण का होता है।

पत्र- वसन्त में वृक्षों से पत्र झरने लगते हैं।
आज माता जी का पत्र आया था।

प्रश्न 4.
जोकि, चूँकि, हालाँकि-कविता की जिन पंक्तियों में ये शब्द आए हैं, उन्हें ध्यान से पढ़ो। ये शब्द दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने का काम करते हैं। इन शब्दों का प्रयोग करते हुए दो-दो वाक्य बनाओ।
उत्तर:
यह वह छात्र है जो कि हर वर्ष प्रथम आता है।
यह वह पुस्तक है जो कि मुझे कक्षा में प्रथम आने पर मिली थी।
तुम्हें सजा इसलिए मिली चूंकि तुम झूठ बोलते हो।
उसने शत्रुओं को इसलिए खदेड़ दिया चूंकि वंह बहादुर है।
लोग नहीं मानते हालाँकि तुम ठीक कहते हो।
दिल्ली में प्रदूषण अब भी बहुत है हालाँकि कमी भी काफी आई है।

प्रश्न 5.
गप्प, गप-शप, गप्पबाज़ी-क्या इन शब्दों के अर्थ में अंतर है ? तुम्हें क्या लगता है ? लिखो।
उत्तर:
इन शब्दों के अर्थों में थोड़ा-थोड़ा अंतर है।
गप्प-एक दम झूठ-उसकी बातें सभी गप्प होती हैं।
गप-शप-मनोरंजन के लिए खुलकर बातचीत करना-उनकी बातें खत्म ही नहीं होतीं वे दोनों सदा गप-शप करते रहते हैं।
गप्पबाजी-कथा किस्से सुनाना-मोहन को गप्पबाजी अच्छी लगती है।

कुछ करने को

प्रश्न 1.
क्या तुम जानते हो दुनिया भर में कई प्रकार के कैलेंडरों का इस्तेमाल होता है।
नीचे दो प्रकार के कैलेंडर दिए गए हैं। इन्हें देखो और प्रश्नों के उत्तर दो।
संवत् 2063, सन् 2006
(क) इन कैलेंडरों में से कौन-सा कैलेंडर चंद्रमा के अनुसार है ?
(ख) क्या तुम्हारे आसपास इन दोनों कैलेंडरों का इस्तेमाल होता है ? यदि होता है तो किन-किन मौकों पर ?
(ग) कृष्ण पक्ष और शुक्ल पक्ष का क्या अर्थ होता है ?
उत्तर:
(क) इन कैलेंडरों में संवत् 2063 वाला कैलेंडर चंद्रमा के अनुसार है।
(ख) हाँ, हमारे आसपास दोनों कैलेंडरों का इस्तेमाल होता है। संवत् वाले कैलेंडर का इस्तेमाल चन्द्रमा की तिथि देखने के लिए होता है तथा सन् वाले कैलेंडर का इस्तेमाल अंग्रेजी महीने की तारीख देखने के लिए होता है।
(ग) कृष्ण पक्ष का अर्थ है महीने का वह पक्ष (पन्द्रह दिन) जो पूर्णिमा के अगले दिन से लेकर अमावस्या तक होता है तथा शुक्ल पक्ष अमावस्या के अगले दिन यानि प्रतिपदा से लेकर पूर्णिमा तक होता है।

प्रश्न 2.
चाँद से संबंधित कुछ कविताओं के बारे में जानकारी इकट्ठी करो और उसे कक्षा में शिक्षक को सुनाओ।
उत्तर:
छात्र स्वयं करें।

काव्यांशों की सप्रसंग व्याख्या

1. गोल हैं …………………………… जाने कैसे।

शब्दार्थ: नज़र – दृष्टि, निगाह, ज़रा – थोड़े, कुल – सम्पूर्ण/सारा, सिम्त – तरफ, दिशा

प्रसंग- प्रस्तुत काव्यांश हमारी पाठ्य-पुस्तक भारती भाग-1 में संकलित कविता ‘चाँद से थोड़ी-सी गप्पें’ से लिया गया है जिसके कवि ‘शमशेर बहादुर सिंह’ जी हैं। कवि ने यहाँ चन्द्रमा के गोल-मटोल रूप का वर्णन किया है।

व्याख्या- हे चन्द्रमा जब भी मैं तुम्हें देखती हूँ तुम तभी कुछ तिरछे-तिरछे नज़र आते हो। तुम्हारे चारों तरफ फैला यह आकाश ऐसा लगता है जैसे तुमने इसको वस्त्र के रूप में धारण किया हो। तुम्हारी इस पोशाक में तारे जड़े हुए हैं। आकाश के बीच तुम ऐसे नज़र आते हो जैसे तुमने अपना गोरा-चिट्टा मुँह खोल रखा है और यह आकाश ऐसा लगता है जैसे चारों ओर फैली हुई तुम्हारी पोशाक हो।

2. खूब हैं ……………………… होने में….

शब्दार्थ: निरा – बिल्कुल, दम – साँस/आराम, मरज़ – रोग

प्रसंग- प्रस्तुत काव्यांश हमारी पाठ्य-पुस्तक भारती भाग-1 में संकलित कविता ‘चाँद से थोड़ी-सी गप्पें’ से लिया गया है। जिसके कवि ‘शमशेर बहादुर सिंह’ जी हैं। कवि ने एक बालिका के माध्यम से चाँद के घटने-बढ़ने पर प्रकाश डाला है।

व्याख्या- वह लड़की कहती है कि हे चाँद क्या तुमने हमको बिल्कुल बद्ध ही समझ रखा है। हम जानते हैं कि आपको कोई बीमारी है, आप जब घटते हैं तो निरंतर घटते ही चले जाते हैं और जब बढ़ते हैं तो निरंतर बढ़ते ही चले जाते हैं। तुम तब तक आराम नहीं करते जब तक पूरी तरह से गोल न हो जाओ। आपको तो ऐसा रोग है जो कभी-भी ठीक होने का नाम ही नहीं लेता।

चाँद से थोड़ी-सी गप्पें Summary

कविता का सार

एक लड़की चाँद से कहती है कि आप तिरछे नज़र आते हो। आपने तारों जड़ा हुआ आकाश पहन रखा है। आप अपना गोल-मटोल मुँह खोले हुए हो। तुम्हारे वस्त्र चारों ओर फैले हुए हैं। आपने हमको निरा बुद्ध ही समझ रखा है। हम आपकी बीमारी को समझते हैं आपमें घटने-बढ़ने का रोग है जो ठीक होने में आता ही नहीं।