Author name: Prasanna

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 13 क्षितौ राजते भारतस्वर्णभूमिः Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 13 क्षितौ राजते भारतस्वर्णभूमिः

अभ्यासः

प्रश्न 1.
प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि एकपदेन लिखत-
(क) इयं धरा कैः स्वर्णवद् भाति?
उत्तरम्:
शष्यैर्धरयं।

(ख) भारतस्वर्णभूमिः कुत्र राजते?
उत्तरम्:
क्षितौ।

(ग) इयं केषां महाशक्तिभिः पूरिता?
उत्तरम्:
अणून।

(घ) इयं भूः कस्मिन् युतानाम् अस्ति?
उत्तरम्:
प्रबनधे।

(ङ) अत्र किं सदैव सुपूर्णमस्ति?
उत्तरम्:
खाद्यान्नभाण्ड।

प्रश्न 2.
समानार्थकपदानि पाठात् चित्वा लिखत-
(क) पृथिव्याम् __________ (क्षितौ / पर्वतेषु / त्रिलोक्याम्)
(ख) सुशोभते __________ (लिखते / भाति / पिबति)
(ग) बुद्धिमताम् __________ (पर्वणाम् / उत्सवानाम् / विपश्चिज्जनानाम्)
(घ) मयूराणाम् __________ (शिखीनाम् / शुकानाम् / पिकानाम्)
(ङ) अनेकेषाम् __________ (जनानाम् / वैज्ञानिकानाम् / बहूनाम्)
उत्तरम्:
(क) पृथिव्याम् क्षितौ
(ख) सुशोभते भाति
(ग) बुद्धिमताम् विपश्चिज्जनानाम्
(घ) मयूराणाम् पिकानाम्
(ङ) अनेकेषाम् बहूनाम्

प्रश्न 3.
श्लोकांशमेलनं कृत्वा लिखत-

उत्तरम्:
(क) त्रिशूलाग्निनागैः पृथिव्यास्त्रधोरैः – अणूनां महाशक्तिभिः पूरितेयम्
(ख) सदा पर्वणामुत्सवानां धरेयम् – क्षितौ राजते भारतस्वर्णभूमिः
(ग) वने दिग्गजानां तथा केशरीणाम् – तटीनामियं वर्तते भूधराणाम
(घ) सुपूर्ण सदैवास्ति खाद्यान्नभाण्डम् – नदीनार जलं यत्र पीयूषतुल्यम्
(ङ) इयं वीरभोग्या तथा कर्मसेव्या – जगद्वन्दनीया च भू:देवगेया

प्रश्न 4.
चित्रं दृष्ट्वा (पाठात्) उपयुक्तपदानि गृहीत्वा वाक्यपूर्ति कुरुत-

(क) अस्मिन् चित्र एका _________ वहति।
(ख) नदी _________ निःसरति।
(ग) नद्याः जलं _________ भवति।
(घ) _________ शस्यसेचनं भवति।
(ङ) भारतः _________ भूमिः अस्ति।
उत्तरम्:
(क) अस्मिन् चित्र एका नद्यः वहति।
(ख) नदी पर्वतात् निःसरति।
(ग) नद्याः जलं पीयूष तुल्यं भवति।
(घ) नद्यस्य जलात् शस्यसेचनं भवति।
(ङ) भारतः स्वर्ण भूमिः अस्ति।

प्रश्न 5.
चित्राणि दृष्ट्वा (मञ्जूषातः) उपयुक्तपदानि गृहीत्वा वाक्यपूर्ति कुरुत-

(अस्त्राणाम्, भवति, अस्त्राणि, सैनिकाः, प्रयोगः, उपग्रहाणां)
(क) अस्मिन् चित्रे ___________ दृश्यन्ते।
(ख) एतेषाम् अस्त्राणां ___________ युद्धे भवति।
(ग) भारतः एतादृशानां ___________ प्रयोगेण विकसितदेश: मन्यते।
(घ) अत्र परमाणुशक्तिप्रयोगः अपि ___________।
(ङ) आधुनिकैः अस्त्रैः ___________ अस्मान् शत्रुभ्यः रक्षन्ति।
(च) ___________ सहायतया बहूनि कार्याणि भवन्ति।
उत्तरम्:
(क) अस्मिन् चित्रे अस्त्राणि दृश्यन्ते।
(ख) एतेषाम् अस्त्राणां प्रयोगः युद्धे भवति।
(ग) भारतः एतादृशानां उपग्रहाणां प्रयोगेण विकसितदेश: मन्यते।
(घ) अत्र परमाणुशक्तिप्रयोगः अपि भवति।
(ङ) आधुनिकैः अस्त्रैः सैनिकाः अस्मान् शत्रुभ्यः रक्षन्ति।
(च) अस्त्राणाम् सहायतया बहूनि कार्याणि भवन्ति।

प्रश्न 6(अ).
चित्रं दृष्ट्वा संस्कृते पञ्चवाक्यानि लिखत-

उत्तरम्:
(क) इदम् दीपमालिकोत्यवस्य चित्रम् अस्ति।
(ख) दीपमालिकोत्सवः कार्तिकमासे भवति।
(ग) इदम् अस्माकं धार्मिकोत्सवः अस्ति।
(घ) अस्मिन् दिनेजनाः मिष्ठान्नं खादन्ति।
(ङ) जनाः परस्परं मिलित्वा प्रहर्षिता भवन्ति।

प्रश्न 6(आ).
चित्रं दृष्ट्वा संस्कृते पञ्चवाक्यानि लिखत-


उत्तरम्:
(क) रक्षाबन्धनं भारतीयानां मुख्योत्सवः अस्ति।
(ख) भविन्याः भ्रातृवां हस्तेषु रक्षासूत्रं निबहृन्ति।
(ग) भ्रातरः अपि ताषां रक्षाकृते संकल्पयन्ति।
(घ) भ्रातरः भगिन्यश्च परस्परम् उपहाणि यच्छन्ति।
(ङ) ते मिलित्वा मिष्ठानानि चापि खादन्ति।

प्रश्न 7.
अत्र चित्रं दृष्ट्वा संस्कृतभाजया पञ्चवाक्येजु प्रकृतेः वर्णनं कुरुत-


उत्तरम्:
(क) इदम् उद्यानस्य चित्रम् अस्ति।
(ख) अत्र वहवः वृक्षाः सन्ति।
(ग) वृक्षेषु वहवः पक्षिणः सन्ति।
(घ) अत्र एको व्याघ्रः अपि दृश्यते।
(ङ) उद्याने मृगः तिष्ठति तत्रै मयूरः अपि अस्ति।

योग्यता-विस्तार
प्राचीन काल में भारत को सोने की चिड़िया कहा जाता था, इसी भाव को ग्रहण कर कवि ने प्रस्तत पाठ में भारतभूमि की प्रशंसा करते हुए कहा है कि आज भी यह भूमि विश्व में स्वर्णभूमि बनकर ही सुरभित हो रही है।

कवि कहते हैं कि आज हम विकसित देशों की परम्परा में आगण्य होकर मिसाइलों का निर्माण कर रहे हैं. परमाणु शक्ति का प्रयोग कर रहे हैं। इसी के साथ ही साथ हम ‘उत्सवप्रियाः खलु मानवाः नामक उक्ति को चरितार्थ भी कर रहे हैं कि ‘अनेकता में एकता है हिंद की विशेषता’ इसी आधार पर कवि के उद्गार हैं कि बहुत मतावलम्बियों के भारत में होने पर भी यहाँ ज्ञानियों, वैज्ञानिकों और विद्वानों की कोई कमी नहीं है। इस धरा ने सम्पूर्ण विश्व को शिल्पकार, इंजीनियर, चिकित्सक, प्रबंधक, अभिनेता, अभिनेत्री और कवि प्रदान किए हैं। इसकी प्राकृतिक सषमा अद्भुत है। इस तरह इन पद्यों में कवि ने भारत के सर्वाधिक महत्त्व को उजागर करने का प्रयास किया है।

पाठ में पों और उत्सवों की चर्चा की गई है ये समानार्थक होते हए भी भिन्न हैं। पर्व एक निश्चित तिथि पर ही मनाए जाते हैं, जैसे-होली, दीपावली, स्वतंत्रता दिवस, गणतंत्र दिवस इत्यादि। परन्तु उत्सव व्यक्ति विशेष के उद्गार एवं आह्वाद के द्योतक हैं। किसी के घर संतानोत्पत्ति उत्सव का रूप ग्रहण कर लेती है तो किसी को सेवाकार्य में प्रोन्नति प्राप्त कर लेना, यहाँ तक कि बिछुड़े हुए बंधु-बांधवों से अचानक मिलना भी किसी उत्सव से कम नहीं होता है।

Class 8 Sanskrit Chapter 13 क्षितौ राजते भारतस्वर्णभूमिः Summary

पाठ परिचय
प्रस्तुत पाठ्यांश डॉ. कृष्णचन्द्र त्रिपाठी द्वारा रचित हैं, जिसमे भारत के गौरव का गुणगान है। इसमें देश की खाद्यान्न सम्पन्नता, कलानुराग, प्राविधिक प्रवीणता, वन एवं सामरिक शक्ति की महनीयता को दर्शाया गया है। प्राचीन परम्परा, संस्कृति, आधुनिक मिसाइल क्षमता एवं परमाणु शक्ति सम्पन्नता के गीत द्वारा कवि ने देश की सामर्थ्यशक्ति का वर्णन किया है। छात्र संस्कृत के इन श्लोकों का सस्वर गायन करें तथा देश के गौरव को महसूस करें, इसी उद्देश्य से इन्हें यहाँ संकलित किया गया है।

शब्दार्थ:
पीयूषतुल्यम् – अमृत समान, भाति – सुशोभित होती है, शस्यैः – फसलों से, धरेयम् – धरा + इयम् = यह पृथ्वी, क्षितौ – क्षिति (पृथ्वी) पर, त्रिशूलाग्निनागैः पृथिव्यस्त्रधोरैः – त्रिशूल, अग्नि, नाग, पृथ्वी तथा आकाश – पाँच मिसाइलों (अस्त्रों) के नाम, मेदिनी – पृथ्वी, पर्वणामुत्सवानाम् – पर्व और उत्सवों की, निमज्जति – विद्वज्जनों की, विपश्चिज्जनानाम् – यन्त्रविद्या को जानने वालों की, यन्त्रविद्याधराणाम् – मध्य भाग तक, भिषक् – वैद्य, चिकित्सक, प्रबन्धे युतानाम् – ‘प्रबन्धक’ समुदाय प्रबन्ध कार्यों में, लग हुए, नट, नटी – अभिनेता, अभिनेत्री, केसरीणाम् [केश+रि+डी (औणादि)]- सिंहों की, तटीनाम् – नदियों की, भूधराणाम् – पर्वतों का, पिकानाम् – कायेलो का, शिखीनाम् – मोरों की।

मूलपाठः
सुपूर्ण सदैवास्ति खाद्यान्नभाण्डं
नदीनां जलं यत्र पीयूषतुल्यम्।
इयं स्वर्णवद् भाति शस्यैर्धरेयं
क्षितौ राजते भारतस्वर्णभूमिः ॥1॥

सरलार्थः
सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वी खाद्यान्न की भंडार है, पदियों का जल अमृत के समान है, पृथ्वी पर लगी फसलें स्वर्ण भूमि के समान सुशोभित है।

त्रिशूलाग्निनागैः पृथिव्यस्त्रघोरैः
अणूनां महाशक्तिभिः पूरितेयम्।
सदा राष्ट्ररक्षारतानां धरेयम्
क्षितौ राजते भारतस्वर्णभूमिः ॥2॥

सरलार्थः
त्रिशुल, अग्नि, नाग, पृथ्वी, और आकाश परमाणु शक्तियों के परिपूर्ण है जो सदा राष्ट्र की रक्षा में तत्तपर है। सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वी पर भारत देश स्वर्ण भूमि के समान सुशोभित है।

इयं वीरभोग्या तथा कर्मसेव्या
जगद्वन्दनीया च भूः देवगेया।
सदा पर्वणामुत्सवानां धरेयं
क्षितौ राजते भारतस्वर्णभूमिः ॥3॥

सरलार्थः
यह भारत देश वीरों एवं कर्म सेवकों की भूमि की पुरे विश्व में देवताओं द्वारा प्रशंसनीय है, सदा पर्वो एवं उत्सवों से परिपूर्ण है। सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वी पर भारत देश स्वर्णभूमि के समान सुशोभित है।

इयं ज्ञानिनां चैव वैज्ञानिकानां
विपश्चिज्जनानामियं संस्कृतानाम्।
बहूनां मतानां जनानां धरेयं
क्षितौ राजते भारतस्वर्णभूमिः ॥4॥

सरलार्थः
यह पृथ्वी ज्ञानियों, वैज्ञानिकों बृद्धिजीवियों, श्रेष्ठ संस्कृतिधारकों और अनेकों मतों वाली लोगों की हैं सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वी पर भारत देश स्वर्ण भूमि के समान सुशोभित है।

इयं शिल्पिनां यन्त्रविद्याधराणां
भिषक्शास्त्रिणां भूः प्रबन्धे युतानाम्।
नटानां नटीनां कवीनां धरेयं
क्षितौ राजतै भारतस्वर्णभूमिः ॥5॥

सरलार्थः
यह पृथ्वी हस्तकलाओं, अभियंताओं, आयुर्वेदाचार्यो, समुदाय कार्यों में लगे, अभिनेतओं कवियों से परिपूर्ण है। सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वी पर भारत देश स्वर्णभूमि के समान सुशोभित है।

वने दिग्गजानां तथा केशरीणां
तटीनामियं वर्तते भूधराणाम्।
शिखीनां शुकानां पिकानां धरेयं
क्षितौ राजते भारतस्वर्णभूमिः ॥6॥

सरलार्थः
यह पृथ्वी वनों, हाथियों, सिंहों, नदियों, पर्वतों, मोरों, तोता, कोयल से परिपूर्ण हैं सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वी पर भारत देश स्वर्णभूमि के समान सुशोभित है।

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for 12 Accountancy Chapter 8 Financial Statements of a Company Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.

Financial Statements of a Company NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 8

Financial Statements of a Company Questions and Answers Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 8

Test your Understanding-I (Page No. 155)

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are True’ or ‘False’.
(a) Financial statements are the end products of accounting process.
(b) Financial statements are primarily directed towards the needs of owners.
(c) Facts and figures presented in financial statements are not at all based on personal judgements.
(d) Recorded facts are based on replacement cost.
(e) Going Concern concept assumes that the enterprise continues for a long-period of time.
Answer:
(a) True, (b) True, (c) False, (d) False, (e) True.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word (s) :
(a) Financial statement’s are the …………. of information to interested parties.
(b) The owners of a company are called ………….
(c) For income measurement basis of accounting is …………. followed.
(d) The statement which shows the assets and liabilities of a company is known as ………….
(e) Profit and loss account is also called statement.
Answer:
(a) Basic sources
(b) shareholders
(c) accrual
(d) Balance Sheet
(e) Income.

Test your Understanding-II (Page No. 163)

Question 1.
What are the items shown under the heading ‘Reserves and Surplus’?
Answer:
Capital Reserves, Capital Redemption Reserves, Balance of Securities Premium Account, General Reserve, Credit Balance of Profit and Loss Account.

Question 2.
What are the items shown under the heading ‘Miscellaneous expenditure’?
Answer:
Preliminary Expenses, Advertisement Expenditure, Discount on issue of Shares and Debentures, Share Issue expenses.

Question 3.
Match the following :
(i) Gross profit – (a) The explanatory notes to financial statements
(ii) Operating profit – (b) Amounts receivable by the company
(iii) Sundry Debtors – (c) Amounts payable by the company
(iv) Sundry Creditors – (d) Sales-Cost of goods sold
(v) Schedules – (e) Gross profit-Operating expenses
(vi) Net Profit – (f) Operating profit-interest and tax
Answer:
(i) – (d)
(ii) – (e)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (c)
(v) – (a)
(vi) – (f)

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is public company?
Answer:
Public Company—According to Section 3(i) (iv) of the Companies Act 1956 “Public Company means a company
(a) which is not a private company and
(b) has a minimum paid up capital of Rs. 5 lakhs or such higher paid-up capital and
(c) is a private company which is a subsidiary of a company which is not a private company.” Companies Amendment Act 2000 states that a public company cannot be registered with a, capital of less than Rs. 5 lakhs.

A public company may be a listed company or unlisted company. A listed company is a public company which has any of its securities listed in any recognised stock exchange. An unlisted company is one whose securities are not listed on any recognised stock exchange for trading.

Question 2.
What is private limited company?
Answer:
Private Company—According to Section (3)(i), (iii), a private company means a company which has a minimum paid up capital of Rs. one lakh or such higher paid-up capital as may be prescribed by its articles—
(i) Restricts the rights of members to transfer its shares,
(ii) Limits the number of its members to 50 excluding :
(a) persons who are in employment of the company, and
(b) persons, who, having been formerly in the employment of the company, were members of the company while in that employment and have continued to be members after the employment ceased.
(iii) Prohibits any invitation to the public to subscribe to any shares in or debentrues of the company.
(iv) Prohibits any invitation or acceptance of deposits from persons other than its members, directors and relatives.

Question 3.
Define Government Company.
Answer:
Government Company—According to Section 617 of the Companies Act 1956, “a Government Company is a company in which not less than 51% of the paid-up capital is held by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments or partly

by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments and includes a company which is a subsidiary of a Government Company.”

Question 4.
What do you mean by a listed company?
Answer:
A public company may be listed or unlisted company. A listed company is that public company which has any of its securities are listed in any recognised stock exchange in India for trading. Listing of securities in any recognised stock exchange gives a guarantee and impression in the minds of potential investors about the goodwill of the company.

Question 5.
What are the uses of securities premium?
Answer:
Security Premium and its Uses—When shares of a company are issued at a price more than the face value, it is said to be an issue of shares at premium. When shares are issued at premium, the premium amount is credited to a separate account called “Securities Premium Account” because it is not a part of Share Capital.

Rather, it represents, a capital gain and being a credit balance, is shown on the liabilities side of the company’s balance sheet under the heading “Reserves and Surplus”.

According to Section 78 of the Companies Act, Securities Premium Account may be used by the company :

• In paying up unissued capital of the company to be issued to the members of the company as fully paid bonus shares.
• To write off preliminary expenses of the company.
• To write off the expenses of, or commission paid, or discount allowed on any of the securities or debentures of the company.
• To pay premium on the redemption of preference shares or debentures of the company.

Question 6.
What is buy-back of shares?
Answer:
Buy-back of shares : The term buy-back of shares denotes the purchasing of its own shares by a company either from free reserves, securities premium or proceeds of any shares or debentures. According to Section 77 A of the Companies Act 1956, a company can buy its own shares in the following forms

• Through existing equity shareholders on a proportionate basis; or.
• Through open market; or
• By odd lot of shareholders; or
• Employees of the company pursuant to a scheme of stock option or sweat equity.

Following procedural rules are to be followed :

• The buy-back should be authorized by the Articles of Association.
• The special resolution is to be passed in the General Meeting of the shareholders.
• The buy-back of the shares cannot exceed 25% of paid-up capital and free reserves in a financial year.
• The debt-equity ratio should not be more than 2 : 1 after such buy-back of shares.
• All the shares for buy-back should be fully paidup.
• The buy-back should be completed within 12 months from the date of passing of the special resolution.
• The company must file solvency declaration with the Registrar and SEBI in the form of an affidavit signed by at least two directors of the company.

The affidavit must state that the board has made full inquiry into the affairs of the company is capable of meeting its liabilities and will not render insolvent within a period of one year from the date of declaration adopted by the board.

A company that buy-back of its own shares shall extinguish and physically destory such shares within seven days of completion of buy-back in the presence of merchant bankers or Registrar or statutory auditor.

No Further Issue : When a company completes the buy-back of its shares, shall not make further issue of shares within a period of 24 month except by way of bonus shares or in the discharge of some obligations like conversion of share warrants, stock option schemes, sweat equity or conversion of preference shares and debentures into equity shares.

SEBI Guidelines: SEBI has made certain regulations in 1988 with regard to buy-back of shares. Following are the important guidelines given by the SEBI:
(i) Buy-back of shares cannot be made by a private person through negotiated deals with stock exchange or through spot transactions or any other private arrangement. A company is required to make public announcement in at least in one National English Daily, and one in Hindi National Daily and one Regional Language Daily all with wide circulation where registered office of the company is situated. Public announcement should specify the following things :

(a) It should specify the date of the despatch of the offer letter. The letter should specifically stated as “specific date” and it shall not be less than earlier than 30 days but not later than 42 days.

(b) The company shall file information to the SEBI within seven working days from the date of public announcement.

(c) The offer for buy-back shall remain open to the members for a period of not less than 15 days but not exceeding 30 days. However, the opening date for the offer shall not be earlier than 7 days or later than 30 days from the specified date.

(d) The company shall complete the verification of offers within 15 days from the date of closure and shares lodged shall be deemed to have been accepted unless communication of rejection is made within 15 days from the date of closure.

Proportionate buy-back of shares.: When the number of shares tendered for buy-back are more than the number of shares to be bought back from each member of shareholder, the rule of proportionate buy-back shall be determined by using the following formula :
Acceptance tendered by a member x Number of Securities to be bought back = Total acceptance tendered

Question 7.
Write a brief note on “Minimum Subscription”.
Answer:
Minimum Subscription: It is die minimum amount which must be raised to meet the need of business operations of the company relating to the followings : ‘
(a) The price of any property purchased, or to be purchased, which has to be met wholly or partly out of the proceeds of the issue.
(b) Preliminary expenses payable by the Company and any commission payable in connection with the issue of share;
(c) The repayment of any money borrowed by the company for the above two matters;
(d) Working capital; and
(e) Any other expenditure required for the usual conduct of business operations.
It is to be noted that ‘minimum subscription’ of capital cannot be less than 90% of the issued amount according to SEBI

(Discolsure and Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000. If the above condition is not satisfied, the company shall forthwith refund the entire subscription amount received. If a delay occurs beyond 8 days from the date of closure of subscription list, the company shall be liable to pay the amount with interest at the rate of 15%.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the nature of the financial statements?
Answer:
Financial statements are the summarized statements of accounting data produced at the end of the accounting process by an enterprise through which it communicates accounting information to the external users as well as internal users. These are the basic and formal means through which the corporate management communicates financial information to various users. External user includes-investors, tax-authorities, government, employees etc.

Nature of Financial Statements :
View points of the Professional Bodies and Researchers about the nature of Financial Statements :
According to American Institute of Certified Public Accountants “financial statements are prepared for the purpose of presenting a periodical review or report on progress made by the management and deal with the status of investment in the business and the results achieved during the period under review. They reflect a combination of recorded facts, accounting principles and personal judgements.”

In the words of American Accounting Association, “Every corporate statement should be based on accounting principles, which are sufficiently uniform, objectives and well understood to justify opinion as to the condition and progress of business enterprise. Its basic assumption was that the purpose of periodic financial statements of a corporation is to furnish information that is necessary or the formation of dependable judgements.”

According to John. N. Mayer, “Thefinancial statements are composed of data which are the result of a combination of

• Recorded facts concerning the business transactions;
• Conventions adopted to facilitate the accounting technique
• Postulates, or assumptions made; and
• Personal judgements used in the application of the conventions and postulates.”

The following points explain the nature of financial statements :
1. Recorded Facts: The basis of recording transaction in financial statements is original cost or historical cost. The assets purchased at different times and at different prices are put together and shown at cost price. The financial statements do not show current financial conditions, as they are based on original cost not on replacement costs.

2. Accounting Conventions: For preparing financial statements, certain accounting conventions are followed. For example, the convention of valuing inventory at cost or at market price, whichever is lower, is followed. Small items like pencils, pens, postage stamps etc. although assets in nature but treated as expenditure in the year in which they are purchased. The Stationery is valued at cost. The use of accounting conventions makes financial statements comperable, simple and realistic.

3. Postulates: Financial Statements are prepared on certain basic assumption known as postulates such going concern postulates, money- measurement postulate, realization postulate etc. Going concern postulates assumes that the enterprise is run for a long time. Money measurement postulate assumes that the value of money will remain the same in different periods.

4. Personal Judgements : Under more than one circumstance, facts and figures presented through financial statements are based on personal opinion, estimates and judgement. Provisions for doubtful debts are made on estimates and personal judgements.

Personal opinions, judgements and estimates are made while preparing the financial statements to avoid any possibility of over statement of assets and liabilities, income and expenditure, keeping in mind the convention of conservation.

Thus, Financial Statements are the summarized reports of recorded facts and are prepared following the accounting concepts, conventions and requirement of law.

Question 2.
Explain in detail about the significance of the financial statements.
Answer:
Significance of the Financial Statements : Financial Statements, which are prepared depicting true relevant, easily understandable, comparable, analytically represented and promptly presented financial position, help the user in their economic decisions.

The significance of the financial statements can be explained with the help of following points :
1. Provide Information to Shereholders: Financial Statements provide information about the managements performance to the shareholders.

Shareholders are the suppliers of the basic capital to run the concern and as such they are very much interested in the well being of the business. They are interested to know the profitability and prospects of future growth of the business. They come to know about the financial position and operating results of the business through these financial statement only.

2. Basis for Fiscal Policies of the Government : Financial Statement provides basis for fiscal policies of the Government. Financial Statement provides useful information to various government department like Income Tax, Sale tax, Excise duty etc to determine tax liability of the concern. So on the basis of financial statements, the Government determine tax policy, import export policy, industry policy etc.

3. Basis for Dividend Policies : The dividend policies of the corporate sector are linked with the government regulation and financial performance of the undertaking. Hence, financial statements form basis for dividend policies of companies.

4. Basis for Granting of Credit: Corporate undertaking have to borrow funds from banks and other financial insitutions for different purposes. All financial institutions which provide loan to the corporate undertaking are interested to know the profit earning capacity of the business and its long term solvency. They take decisions based on the financial performance of the undertaking. Thus financial statements form the basis for granting of credit.

5. Guide to the value of the Investment already made : Shareholders of companies are interested in knowing the status safety and return on their investment. They may also need information to take decisions about continuation or discontinuation of their investment in the business. Financial statements provide information to the shareholder in taking such important decisions.

6. Basis for Prospective Investors : In addition to the existing investor there may be people who may be interested in investing money in company. But before doing that they would be interested to know the long-term and short term solvency as well as the profitability of the concern. Financial statements provide adequate information to such potential investors to enable them to take the necessary decisions.

7. Aids Government in Policy Frame work: Financial Statements helps Government to assess the role of corporate undertaking in the economic development of the country. It also assess the economic stituation of the country from these statements in terms of industrial production, employment etc

These statements enable the government , to know whether business is’following various rules and regulations or not. These statements also form base for framing and amending various laws for the regulation of the business.

8. Aids Trade Associations in helping their Members : Trade Associations can judge, on the basis of financial statements the profitability of the business enterprises. They can compute as to how much bonus and increase in their wages are possible from the profits of the business concern. Trade unions negotiate the wages and salaries with the company, the financial statements reveal the financial soundness of the company and thus provide the basis to the trade unions to go in for negotiations.

9. Helps Stock Exchanges : Financial Statements help the stock exchanges to understand the extent of transperency in reporting on financial performance and enables them to call for required information to protect the interest of investors. The financial statements enable the stock brokers to judge the financial position of different concerns and take decisions about the price to be quoted.

10. Helps Trade Creditors Trade creditors and suppliers of goods are interested in knowing the short term solvency of the business. They are interested to know whether the business firm will be make payment on time or not. Financial Statement provide adequate information to them to take the necessary decisions.

Question 3.
Explain the limitations of financial statements.
Answer:
It is a general impression that financial statements are precise,
exact and final. But sometimes, these statement conceal some very important information. As such, they suffer from certain limitations. These are discussed below.

1. Do not reflect current situation : Financial Statements are prepared on the basis of historical cost and do not throw light on the current and present position of the business. The purchasing power of money is changing, the value of assets and liabilities shown in financial statement do not reflect current market situation. It does not indicate the current position of the business.

2. Dividends out of Capital: Net profit is ascertained on the basis of historical cost. If profits are adjusted to changing price levels, it may lead to loss and consequently dividends may be paid out of capital.

3. Incomplete Information : Financial statements donot include all of the relevant information necessary for evaluating the status, progress and future prospects of a business enterprise. Balance Sheet does not disclose information relating to loss of markets and cessation of agreements which have vital bearing on the enterprise.

4. Assets may not realize: Some of the assets may not realize the stated value, if the liquidation is forced on the company. Assets shown in the balance sheet reflect merely unexpired or unamortized cost.

5. Different accounting policies : Various concepts and conventions of accounting affect the value of assets and liabilities as shown in the Balance Sheet and profit as shown by Profit and Loss Account. For example, different firms may adopt different methods of stock valuation.

6. No Qualitative Information : The financial statements do not reflect complete information about the firm. Only that information, which can be expressed in monetary terms, is given. Qualitative information is however ignored like industrial relations, industrial climate, labour relations etc.

7. No free from Bias : Financial statement are prepared on the basis of certain established concepts and convention, yet they are greatly affected by personal bias and personal judgement of various factors.

8. Agregate Information : Financial statements show aggregate information but not specific information. Hence they may not satisfy the user in decision making unless modified suitably.

9. Interim reports: Financial statements are merely interim reports not a final reports. Profit and Loss Account discloses only interim profits but not final profits. Final profits can be known only when enterprise is liquidated, assets are sold and liabilities are paid off.

10. Affected by window-dressing : Some business firms given too much attention to decorate their financial statements in such a way that they fulfilled all the legal requirement and show sound financial position of the firm. In fact these statements may be far from the truth.

Note : If the company is a manufacturing concern, apart from above components manufacturing account is also required.
Trading Account: Trading Account is the first part of the financial statements. The trading account is designed to show the gross profit on sale of goods.

The trading account contain the transactions of the company relating to the commodities in which it deals, throughout the accounting period. All expenses either related to purchase of raw material or production are charged to the Trading A/c i.e. Debited to Trading A/c.

It is prepared to find out Gross Profit or Gross Loss. If the sales are more than purchases and expenses the result in Gross Profit and vice versa. Its main components are sales, services rendered and cost of such sales or service rendered. Trading account provides the data for comparsion, analysis and planning for future growth.

Profit and Loss Account: Profit and Loss Account is the second part of the financial statement. Company is more interested in knowing it net income or net profit, which increases its equity.

Net profit represents the excess of gross profit plus other revenue income over indirect expenses. These indirect expenses are not shown in Trading Account. In the debit side of Profit and Loss Account the indirect expenses are shown whereas in the credit side revenue incomes. If the L debit side is less than of credit side, it would be net profit and if the credit side is less than of debit side, it would be net loss.

“A Profit and Loss account is an account into which all gains and losses are collected in order to ascertain the excess of gain over the losses or vice-versa.” —Prof. Carter

Form of Profit and Loss Account
Profit and Loss Account of ………. Co. Ltd.
for the year ended ……….

Profit and Loss Appropriation Account : The account which shows the disposition of profit is called the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account. The disposition of profit means the distribution of net profits by way of dividends, transfer of profits to various reserves, adjustment of arrears of depreciation, if any, bonus to shareholders and so on.

Income statements may also be presented in vertical form with detailed data. Verticle form income statements are suitable for further analysis and providing suitable data for decision making.

Notes:
(a) Fixed assets are shown at original cost less total depreciation to date.
(b) Investments should be divided into two parts:
(i) Quoted, and
(ii) unquoted, hi the case of quoted investments market price must be disclosed.
(c) Contingent liabilities are not included in the total of the liability side.

Following are the usual types of contingent liabilities:
(i) Claim against the company not acknowledged as debt.
(ii) Uncalled liability on shares partly paid.
(iii) Arrears of fixed cumulative dividends.

Note : Usually detail under each of the above items is given by way of a separate schedule. The number of the schedule incorporating the information is mentioned against the item in the column.

Explanation to Balance Sheet Items
Statutory Contents of Liabilities Side of Company’s Balance Sheet
1. Share Capital: It is the first item on the liabilities side of the balance sheet and shows details about following:
(i) Authorized Capital
(ii) Issued Capital
(iii) Subscribed Capital
(iv) Called up Capita)
(v) Paid-up Capital
In terms of number of shares of each kind along with nominal value. If forfeited shares are reissued then this amount is added to the paid-up capital.

2. Reserves and Surplus : As per Shedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956, ‘Reserves and Surplus’ includes the following items :
(i) Capital Reserves
(ii) Capital Redemption Reserves
(iii) Share Premium Account or Securities Premium
(iv) Other reserves
(v) Surplus
(vi) Proposed Addition to reserves
(vii) Sinking fund
These reserves may be classified broadly as revenue and capital reserves.

3. Secured Loans : If any company given security for the loan by a mortgage or charge on all or any of its property, the loan will be called as ‘Secured Loans’. It includes :
(i) Debentures
(ii) Loans and Advances from Banks ‘
(iii) Loans and Advances from Subsidiaries
(iv) Other Loans and Advances, if any .
Information regarding the nature of security given for each secured loan should be given along with the respective loans.

4. Unsecured Loans : Loans and advances for which no security is given are shown under this heading. This include
(i) Fixed deposits
(ii) Loans and Advances from Subsidiary Companies
(iii) Loans and Advances from other sources.
(iv) Short-term loans from Bank and other.

5. Current Liabilities and Provisions : Current Liabilities includes :
(i) Acceptances (or Bills Payable)
(ii) Sundry Creditors
(iii) Advance Payments
(iv) Un-expired Discounts
(v) Unclaimed dividends
(vi) Accrued Interest but not paid
(vii) Other liability (if any)

Provisions include :
(i) Provisions for taxation
(ii) Proposed Dividend
(iii) Provisions for Contingencies
(iv) Provision for provident fund
(v) Provision for pension
(vi) Provision for insurance
(vii) Similar staff benefit schemes etc.
(viii) Other provisions

Statutory contents of Assets side of Company’s Balanace Sheet 1. Fixed Assets : These are those assets which are used for long time in business to earn profit. They are acquired with an intention of using them in the main activity of the concern but not for resale. It include :
(i) Goodwill
(ii) Land and Building
(iii) Leaseholds
(iv) Plant and Machinery
(v) Furniture
(vi) Railway Lines
(vii) Patents etc.
These assets are shown at cost less depreciation till the date.

2. Investments : It includes
(i) Investment in Government Securities
(ii) Investment in Trust securities
(iii) In shares, debentures, bonds
(iv) Investment in immovable property etc.

3. Current Assets, Loans and Advances: Current Assets includes:
(i) Inventories
(ii) Sundry Debtors
(iii) Cash and Bank Balances
(iv) Loose Tools
(v) Accured Interest

Loans and Advances includes :
(i) Loans and Advances to Subsidiary Company
(ii) Bills of exchange
(iii) Balance with customs, port trust etc.

4. Miscellaneous Expenditure: Expenditure, which is not debited to Profit and Loss Account fully and deferred for some years, is shown under this heading. It includes :
(i) Preliminary Expenses
(ii) Advertisement Expenditure
(iii) Discount on issue of shares and debenture etc.

5. Profit and Loss Account: If there is any debit balance in Profit and Loss Account, it will be shown as the assets side of Balance sheet.

Question 6.
Explain how financial statement are useful to the various parties who are interested in the affairs of an undertaking?
Answer:
Meaning of Financial Statements : Financial Statements are those statements which report the profitablity and the financial position of the business at the end of accounting period. At the end of the accounting period, financial statements are prepared to determine profit or loss and to know the financial position of the business. The statements are presented to user of accounting information for decision making. The term financial statements includes at least two basic statements which are as under :

(i) Income statement (or Trading and Profit and Loss Account) which shows results of business operation during the accounting period and

(ii) Statement of Financial position (or Balance Sheet) which shows financial position of an enterprise at a specified point of time.

Preparation of financial statements is the last phase of the accounting process.
“The Finacial Statements provides a summary of accounts of a business enterprise, the balance sheet reflecting the assets, liabilities and capital as on a certain date and the income statement, shotving the results of operations during a certain period.” v —John N. Myer

When the business enterprise satisfy itself with the agreement of T rial Balance, then they proceeds to prepare the financial statements for their business. The main objective of financial statement is to communicate financial position and performance of the business entities to tine user of accounts. Financial position of a business entity is indicated through Balance Sheet and performance is indicated through Trading and Profit and Loss Account. They help to ascertain the profit and loss occur during the accounting period and the financial position of the business.

Information provided by the Financial Statement to the different users:
1. Management: The Financial Statements help the management in assessing the profitability of various activities and various depanmeiits. On their basis, the management can review the progress of the business and take decisions for controlling the non-profitable activities.

2. Investors : Shareholders or proprietors of the business are not generally involved in day-to-day working, they come to know the results of operations and financial position of the business only through the financial statements. They can assess the short term and long-term financial soundness and earning capacity of the business with the help of financial
statements.

3. Potential Investors: Financial Statements helps them to know financial position, earning capacity and its prospects for growth of the business. Financial statements help them in making an assessment about have safe theirinvestments will be.

4. A Short-term Creditors!Financial statements help them to assess whether the enterprises will be able to pay debts when they fall due and may decide to extend, maintain or restrict the credit allowed to the enterprise.

5. Long-term Creditors: Financial statements provide information to them about
(i) whether enterprise will be able to pay the interests consistently and
(ii) whether the company will be able to pay their debts when due. On this basis they may also decide to extend, maintain or restrict the loans extended to the enterprise.

6. Government—Financial statements provide information to Government to study the profit margins of various industries to announce or withdraw various concessions and to increase or decrease the excise duty. It also give information to regulate the activities of the enterprise, determine policy, compilation of national income statics.

7. Employees—Financial statements gives information about the profit earned by the enterprises so that they can judges as to how much bonus and increase in their wages.

8. Tax Authorities—Financial statements provides information to the Income Tax Authorities and Sales Tax Authorities about the income earned and sale of the enterprises respectively’ It helps them to assessment of the Income Tax and Sale Tax.

Question 7.
‘Financial statements reflect a combination of recorded facts, accounting conventions and personal judgements,’ discuss.
Answer:
Yes, it is true that Financial Statements reflect a combination of recorded facts, accounting conventions and personal judgements. In the words of John. N. Mayer, “The financial statements are composed of data which are the result of a combination of
(i) recorded facts concerning the business transactions
(ii) conventions adopted Jo facilitate the accounting technique
(iii) postualtes, or assumption made and
(iv) personal judgements used in the application of the conventions and postulates.

The above points can be discussed below:
1. Recorded Facts—The basis of recording transaction in financial statement is original cost or historical cost. The assets purchased at different times and at different prices are put together and shown at cost price. The financial statements do not show current financial conditions, as they are based on original cost not on replacement costs.

2. Accounting Conventions—For preparing financial statements certain accounting conventions are followed. For example, the convention of valuling inventory at cost or market price whichever is lower, is followed. Small items like pencils, pens, postage stamps etc., although assets in nature but treated as expenditure in the year in which they are purchased. The Stationery is valued at cost. The use of accounting convention makes financial statements comparable, simple and realistic.

3. Postulate—Financial statement are prepared on certain basic assumption known as postulate, such as going concern postulate, money measurement postulate, realization postulate etc. Going concern postulates assumes that the enterprise is run for a long time. Money measurement postulate assumes that the value of money will remain the same in different period.

4. Personal Judgements—Under more than one circumstance, facts and figures presented through financial statements are based on personal opinions, estimates and judgement. For example depreciation is calculated with written down method or at original cost.

Provisions for doubtful debts are made on estimates and personal judgements. Personal opinion, judgement and estimates are made while preparing the financial statements to avoid any possibility of over statements of assets and liabilities, income and expenditure, keeping in mind the convention of conservertion.

Thus, Financial statements are the summarized reports of recorded facts and are prepared following the accounting concepts conventions and requirements of law.

Question 8.
Explain the process of preparing income statement and balance sheet.
Answer:
Process for preparing Income Statement—
The following process is to be followed for preparation of income statement (in T form):
(i) Preparation of trial balance on the basis of balances of all the accounts available in the ledgers of the concern.
(ii) Recording all the revenue receipts appearing on the credit side of the trial balance on the credit side of income statement after making suitable adjustments for revenues received in advance or revenues realized but not received etc.
(iii) Recording all the revenue expenditure items appeared on
the debit side of trial balance on the debit side of income statement after making adjustments for outstanding, prepaid expenses, depreciation, provisions for bad debts, taxes, etc.
(iv) Recording non-operating incomes and gains on the credit side of income statement.
(v) Recording non-operating losses on the debit side of the income statement.
(vi) Finding the difference between totals of credit items and totals of debit items.
(vii) If the credit items are more than the debit items, it is known as net profit and vice versa.
(viii) In India, the accounting year for preparing financial statements for companies is 1st April to 31st March (same as that of financial year of Government).

Process for Preparing Balance Sheet—The following process is to be followed for preparation of Balance Sheet (in T form Horizontal Type)
(i) Preparation of trial balance on the basis of balances of all the accounts available in the ledgers of the concern.
(ii) Recording Debit balances of all Personal and Real Account on the Assets side of Balance Sheet after making adjustments for outstanding, Prepaid expenses, depreciation, provision for bad debts, tax etc.
(iii) Recording Credit balances all Personal and Real Account on the liabilities side of Balance Sheet after making adjustments for outstanding expenses, interest on loan etc.
(iv) Find the total of two side. The total of the two sides of the Balance Sheet must be equal.

Numerical Questions

Question 1.
The following is the trial balance on June 30, 2006 of the Modem Manufacturing Company Ltd.

Stock, on 30 th June, 2006 Rs. 8,200. You are required to make out the trading account, and profit and loss account for the year ended 30th June, 2006 and the balance sheet as on the date. You are also to make provision in respect of the following :
(i) Depreciate machinery @ 10% per annum
(ii) Reserve 5% for discount on debtors;
(iii) One month rent Rs. 45 was due on 30th June; and
(iv) Six months insurance, included in general expenses, was unexpired at Rs. 75.
(Gross Profit Rs. 6,200, Net Profit Rs. 2044.50; Balance Sheet total Rs. 16,392.50)
Answer:

Question 2.
The following is the trial balance of Alfa Ltd., for the year ended 30th June, 2005.

Prepare the Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet of the company after taking the following particulars into consideration:
(a) The original cost of land and building, plant and machinery and furniture and fittings was Rs. 2,50,000, Rs. 6,00,000 and Rs. 60,000 respectively. Additions during the year were, : building Rs. 50,000 and plant Rs. 20,000.
(b) Depreciation is to be charged on plant and machinery and furniture and fitting at 10 percent on original cost.
(c) Of the sundry debtors, Rs. 10,000 are outstanding for a period exceeding 6 months, Rs. 5,000 are considered doubtful, while the others are considered good.
(d) The directors are entitled to a commission at 1 percent of the net profits before charging such commission.
(e) Stock on 30 th June, 2005 is Rs. 1,30,000.
(f) Provide Rs. 34,800 for income-tax.
Answer:

Question 3.
The following balances appeared in the books of Parasuram Flour Mills Ltd., as on 31st December 2005 :

Prepare the company’s trading and profit and loss account for the year and balance sheet as on 31st December 2005 after taking the following adjustments into account:
(a) Stocks on 31st December 2005 were : Wheat at cost, Rs. 14,900 Flour at market price Rs. 21,700;
(b) Outstanding expenses: Manufacturing expenses Rs. 23,500 and salaries and wages, Rs. 1,200.
(c) Provide depreciation: Building at 2%; Plant and machinery at 10% : Furniture at 10%; and Vehicle 20%.
(d) Interest accrued on Government Securities, Rs. 100 :
(e) A tax provision of Rs. 8,000 is considered necessary.
(f) The directors propose a dividend of 20%.
(g) The authorised capital consists of 12,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each of which 7,200 shares were issued and fully paid up.
(Gross Profit Rs. 47,600; Net Profit Rs. 21,310; Profit and Loss Appropriation balance Rs. 13,410; Balance Sheet total Rs. 2,92,010).
Answer:

Question 4.
An unexperienced accountant prepared the following trial balance of Bang Vikas Ltd., for the year ending31-12-2005. The cash in hand on 31-12-2005 was Rs. 750.


After locating the mistakes and making the following adjustments prepare trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet in the prescribed form.

Adjustments :
(i) Stock on 31-12-2005 Rs. 95,000 and
(ii) Write off preliminary expenses.
Note : Rectified trial balance need not be prepared.
(Gross Profit Rs. 2,36,800; Net Profit Rs. 60,475; Balance of Profit and Loss appropriation A/c Rs. 36,600; balance Sheet Rs. 9,01,100; Difference in trial balance Rs. 750)
Answer:

Question 5.
The Silver Ore Co. Ltd. was formed on April 1,2005 with an authorized capital of Rs. 6,00,000 in shares of Rs. 10 each. Of these 52,000 shares has been issued and subscribed but there were calls in arrear on 100 shares @ Rs. 2.50. From the following trial balance as on March 31,2006 prepare the trading and profit and loss account and the balance sheet :

(i) Depreciate plant and railways by 10%; furniture and building by 5%;
(ii) Write off a third of the promotion expenses;
(iii) Value of silver ore on March 31, 1969 Rs. 15,000, the directors forfeited on Dec. 20, 1968, 100 shares on which only Rs. 7.50 had been paid.
Answer:

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 9 अहमपि विद्यालयं गमिष्यामि Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 9 अहमपि विद्यालयं गमिष्यामि

अभ्यासः

प्रश्न: 1.
उच्चारणं कुरुत
अग्रिमदिने, षड्वादने, अष्टवर्षदेशीया, अनुगृह्णातु, भवत्सदृशानाम्, गृहसञ्चालनाय, व्यवस्थाये, महार्घताकाले, अद्यै वास्या:, करतलवादसहितम्।
उत्तर:
अध्यापककस्य । अध्यापिकायाः सहायतया उच्चारण

प्रश्न: 2.
एकपदेन उत्तराणि लिखत-
(क) गिरिजायाः गृहसेविकायाः नाम किमासीत्?
(ख) दर्शनायाः पुत्री कति वर्षीया आसीत्?
(ग) अद्यत्वे शिक्षा अस्माकं कीदृशः अधिकारः?
(घ) दर्शनायाः पुत्री कथं नृत्यति?
उत्तर:
(क) दर्शना।
(ख) अष्टवर्गीया।
(ग) मौलिकः।
(घ) करतलवादनसहितम्।

प्रश्न: 3.
पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत
(क) अष्टवर्षदेशीया दर्शनायाः पुत्री कि समर्थाऽसीत्?
(ख) दर्शना कति गृहाणां कार्य करोति स्म?
(ग) मालिनी स्वप्रतिवेशिनी प्रति किं कथयति?
(घ) अद्यत्वे छात्राः विद्यालये किं कि निःशुल्क प्राप्नुवन्ति?
उत्तर:
(क) अष्टवर्षदेशीय दर्शनायाः पुत्री सर्वकार्येषु समर्था आसीत्।
(ख) दर्शना पञ्च-षड्गृहाणां कार्य करोति स्म।
(ग) मालिनी स्वप्रतिवेशिनी प्रति कथयति स्म यत्-“गिरिजे! मम पुत्रः मातुल गृहं प्रस्थितः, काचिद् अन्यां कामपि महिला कार्यार्थं जानासि तर्हि प्रेषय” इति।
(घ) अद्यत्वे छात्राः विद्यालये निःशुल्क शिक्षा, गणवेशं, पुस्तकानि, पुस्तकस्यूतं, पादत्राणं, मध्याह्नभोजन, छात्रवृत्तिम् इत्यादिकं प्राप्नुवन्ति।

प्रश्न: 4.
रेखांकितपदमाधृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत
(क) मालिनी द्वारमुद्घाटयति?
(ख) शिक्षा सर्वेषां बालानां मौलिकः अधिकारः।
(ग) दर्शना आश्चर्येण मालिनी पश्यति।
(घ) दर्शना तस्याः पुत्री च मिलित्वा परिवारस्य भरणपोषणं कुरुतः स्मा
उत्तर:
(क) का द्वारमुद्घाटयति?
(ख) शिक्षा केषां मौलिकः अधिकारः?
(ग) दर्शना आश्चर्येण काम् पश्यति?
(घ) दर्शना तस्याः पुत्री च मिलित्वा कस्य भरणपोषणं कुरुतः स्म?

प्रश्नः 5.
सन्धि विच्छेवं पूरयत

उत्तर:

प्रश्नः 6.
(अ) समानार्थकपदानि मेलयत

(आ) विलोमपदानि मेलयत

प्रश्न: 7.
विशेषणपदैः सह विशेष्यपदानि योजयत

ध्यातव्यम् (ध्यान दें)

‘सर्व पठन्तु अग्रे सरन्तु’ च इति भावनामङ्गीकृत्य विकसितोऽयं एकः संवादात्मकः पाठः। प्रायेण आर्थिकदृष्ट्या दरिद्रपरिवारेषु लघु लघु बालकाः चायादिविपणिसु अन्येषु च गृहेषु कार्य नियोजिताः क्रियन्ते येन धनस्य अर्जनं भवेत् तेषां गृहस्य कार्य चलेत्। एवं कृते ते जनाः स्वसंतती: शिक्षायाः मौलिकाधिकारात् वञ्चयन्ति। प्रारम्भे शिक्षा यः केवलं संवैधानिकोऽधिकार आसीत् स इदानी मौलिकाधिकारः जातः। इमामेव भावनां बोधयितुं पाठेऽस्मिन् प्रयत्नो विहितः।

हिन्दी अनुवाद-‘सब पढ़े, सब बढ़े’ इस भावना को स्वीकार करके विकसित यह एक संवादात्मक पाठ है। प्रायः आर्थिक दृष्टि से गरीब परिवारों में छोटे-छोटे लड़के चाय आदि की दुकानों में या दूसरे घरों में काम पर लगाए जाते हैं जिससे पैसा कमाया जा सके और उनके घर का कार्य चले। इसके लिए वे लोग अपनी औलाद को शिक्षा के मूल अधिकार से वंचित करते हैं। शुरू में जो सिर्फ संवैधानिक अधिकार था, अब वह मौलिक अधिकार हो गया है। इस पाठ में इसी भावना को बताने के लिए प्रयास किया गया है।

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 9 अहमपि विद्यालयं गमिष्यामि Summary

अहमपि विद्यालयं गमिष्यामि मूलपाठः

मालिनी – (प्रतिवेशिनी प्रति) गिरिजे! मम पुत्रः मातुतलगृह प्रति प्रस्थितः काचिद् अन्यां कामपि महिलां जानासि तहिं प्रेषय।

गिरिजा – आम् सखि! अद्य प्रातः एव मम सहायिका स्वसुतायाः कृते कर्मार्थं पृच्छति स्म। श्वः प्रातः एव तया सह वातां करिष्यामि।

(अग्रिमदिने प्रात:काले षट्वादने एव मालिन्याः गृहघण्टिका आगन्तारं कमपि सूचयति मालिनी द्वारमुदघाटयति पश्यति यत् गिरिजायाः सेविकया दर्शनया सह एका अष्टवर्षदेशीय, बालिका तिष्ठति।)

दर्शना – महोदये! भवती कार्यार्थ गिरिजामहोदयां पृच्छति स्म कृपया मम सुतायै अवसरं प्रदाय अनुगृहातु भवती।

मालिनी – परमेषा तु अल्पवयस्का प्रतीयते। किं कार्य करिष्यत्येषा? अयं तु अस्याः अध्ययनस्य क्रीडनस्य च कालः।

वर्शना – एषा एकस्य गृहस्य संपूर्ण कार्य करोति स्म। सः परिवारः अधुना विदेशं प्रति प्रस्थितः। कार्याभावे अहमेतस्यै कार्यमेवान्वेषयामि स्म येन भवत्सदृशानां कार्य प्रचलेत् अस्मद्सदृशानां गृहसञ्चालनाय च धनस्य व्यवस्था भवेत्।

मालिनी – परमेतत्तु सर्वथाऽनुचितम्। किं न जानासि यत् शिक्षा तु.सर्वेषां बालकाना सर्वासां बालिकानां च मौलिक: अधिकारः।

वर्शना – महोदये! अस्मद् सदृशानां तु मौलिकाः अधिकाराः केवलं स्वोदरपूर्ति-रेवास्ति। एतस्य व्यवस्थायै एव अहं सर्वस्मिन् दिने पञ्च-षगृहाणां कार्य करोमि। मम रुग्णः पतिः तु किञ्चिदपि कार्य न करोति। अतः अहं मम पुत्री च मिलित्वा परिवारस्य भरण-पोषणं कुर्वः। अस्मिन् महार्घताकाले मूलभूतावश्यकतानां कृते एव धनं पर्याप्त न भवति तर्हि कथं विद्यालयशुल्क, गणवेषं पुस्तकान्यादीनि क्रेतुं धनमानेष्यामि।

मालिनी – अहो! अज्ञानं भवत्याः। कि न जानासि यत् नवोत्तर-द्वि-सहस्र (2009) तमे वर्षे सर्वकारेण सर्वेषां बालकानां, सर्वासां बालानां कृते शिक्षायाः मौलिकाधिकारस्य घोषणा कृता। यदनुसारं षड्वर्षेभ्यः आरभ्य चतुर्दशवर्षपर्यन्तं सर्वे बालाः समीपस्थं सर्वकारीयं विद्यालयं प्राप्य न केवलं निःशुल्क शिक्षामेव प्राप्स्यन्ति अपितु निःशुल्कं गणवेषं पुस्तकानि, पुस्तकस्यूतम्, पादत्राणम्, माध्याह्नभोजनम्, छात्रवृत्तिम् इत्यादिकं सर्वमेव प्राप्स्यन्ति।

वर्शना – अप्येवम् (आश्चर्येण मालिनी पश्यति)

मालिनी – आम्। वस्तुतः एवमेव।

वर्शना – (कृतार्थतां प्रकटयन्ती) अनुगृहीताऽस्मि महोदये! एतद् बोधनाय। अहम् अद्यैवास्याः प्रवेशं समीपस्थे विद्यालये कारयिष्यामि।

दर्शनाया:-पुत्री-(उल्लासेन सह) अहं विद्यालयं गमिष्यामि! अहमपि पठिष्यामि! (इत्युक्त्वा करतलवादनसहितं नृत्यति मालिनी प्रति च कृतज्ञतां ज्ञापयति)

अहमपि विद्यालयं गमिष्यामि शब्दार्थाः

सन्धिच्छेदाः – कार्यार्थम् = कार्य + अर्थम्।
करिष्यत्येषा – करिष्यति + एषा।
अयं तु = अयम् + तु।
कार्याभावे – काम की कमी में।
एवान्वेषयामि = एव + अन्वेषयामि।
सर्वथाऽनुचितम् = सर्वथा + अनुचितम्।
स्वोदरपूर्ति-रेवास्ति = स्व + उदरपूर्ति + एव + अस्ति।
महार्घता = महा + अर्घता।
मूलभूतावश्यकतानाम् = मूलभूत + आवश्यकतानाम्।
पुस्तकान्यादीनि = पुस्तकानि + आदीनि।
नवोत्तर = नव + उत्तर।
मौलिकाधिकारस्य – मौलिक + अधिकारस्य।
इत्यादिकम् – इति + आदिकम्।
कृतार्थताम् = कृत + अर्थताम्।
अनुगृहीताऽस्मि – अनुगृहीता + अस्मि।
अद्यैवास्याः – अद्य + एव + अस्या।
विद्यालये – विद्या + आलये।
उल्लासेन – उत् + लासेन।
इत्युक्त्वा = इति + उक्त्वा।

अहमपि विद्यालयं गमिष्यामि हिन्दी – अनुवाद:

मालिनी – (पड़ोसन से) अरे गिरिजा! मेरा बेटा मामा के घर गया है। किसी दूसरी कामवाली महिला को जानती हो तो भेजो।

गिरिजा – हाँ सखी! आज सुबह ही मेरी सहायिका अपनी बेटी के लिए काम हेतु पूछ रही थी। कल सुबह ही उससे बात करूंगी। (अगले दिन सुबह छः बजे ही मालिनी के घर की घंटी आने वाले किसी की सूचना देती है, मालिनी दरवाजा खोलती, देखती है कि गिरिजा की नौकरानी दर्शना के साथ एक आठ साल की लड़की खड़ी है।)

दर्शना – मैडम! आप काम के लिए गिरिजा मैडम से पूछ रही थीं, कृपा करके मेरी बेटी को यह अवसर देकर हमें अनुगृहीत करें।

मालिनी – लेकिन यह तो छोटी उम्र की लगती है। यह क्या काम करेगी? यह तो इसके पढ़ने-लिखने और खेलने का समय है।

दर्शना – यह एक घर के सब काम करती थी। वह परिवार अभी विदेश गया हुआ है। काम न होने के कारण मैं इसके लिए काम ढूँढ रही थी जिससे आप जैसे लोगों का काम चलता रहे और हम जैसों की घर चलाने के लिए रुपयों की व्यवस्था होती रहे।

मालिनी – लेकिन यह तो सरासर गलत है। क्या तुम नहीं जानती कि सभी लड़के-लड़कियों के लिए शिक्षा मौलिक अधिकार है।

वर्शना – मैडम! हमारा मौलिक अधिकार तो अपना पेट भरना ही है। इसकी व्यवस्था के लिए ही मैं पूरे दिन पाँच-छ: घरों का काम करती हूँ। मेरा पति बीमार है और कुछ काम नहीं करता है। इसलिए मैं और मेरी बेटी मिलकर परिवार चलाती हैं। इस महंगाई के समय में रोजमर्रा की जरूरतों के लिए भी रुपया पर्याप्त नहीं होता तो मैं कैसे स्कूल की फीस, वर्दी, किताबें आदि खरीदने के लिए पैसा लाऊँगी। ओह! तुम जानती नहीं कि साल 2009 में सरकार ने सभी लड़के-लड़कियों के लिए शिक्षा के मौलिक अधिकार की घोषणा की थी जिसके अनुसार छः साल से चौदह साल तक के सभी बच्चे घर के पास ही सरकारी स्कूल में न सिर्फ मुफ्त शिक्षा ही प्राप्त करेंगे, बल्कि मुफ्त वर्दी, किताबें, बैग, जूते, दोपहर का खाना, छात्रवृत्ति (वजीफा) आदि सब मुफ्त पायेंगे।

वर्शना – अच्छा जी! ऐसा है। (आश्चर्य से मालिनी को देखती है)

मालिनी – हाँ! ऐसा ही है।

दर्शना – (कृतज्ञता दिखाती हुई)। मैडम! मैं शुक्रगुजार हूँ। यह जानकारी देने के लिए। मैं आज ही इसका दाखिला पास के स्कूल में कराऊँगी। दर्शना की बेटी-(खुशी के साथ) मैं स्कूल जाऊँगी। मैं भी पढूँगी! (ऐसा बोलकर ताली बजाती है नाचती है और मालिनी को अपनी कृतज्ञता ज्ञापित करती है, शुक्रगुजार होती है।)

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 12 कः रक्षति कः रक्षितः Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 12 कः रक्षति कः रक्षितः

अभ्यासः

प्रश्न 1.
प्रश्नानामुत्तराणि एकपदेन लिखत-
(क) केन पीडितः वैभवः बहिरागतः?
उत्तरम्:
विद्युद्भावेन!

(ख) भवनेत्यादीनां निर्माणाय के कर्त्यन्ते?
उत्तरम्:
भवनेत्यादीनां निर्माणाय वृक्षाः कर्त्यन्ते।

(ग) मार्गे किं दृष्ट्वा बालाः परस्परं वार्तालाप कुर्वन्ति?
उत्तरम्:
यत्र-तत्र अवकार भाण्डारं।

(घ) वयं शिक्षिताः अपि कथमाचरामः?
उत्तरम्:
अशिक्षिता इवाचरामः।

(ङ) प्लास्टिकस्य मृत्तिकायां लयाभावात् कस्य कृते महती क्षतिः भवति?
उत्तरम्:
पर्यावरणस्य।

(च) अद्य निदाघतापतप्तस्य किं शुष्कतां याति?
उत्तरम्:
तालुहि।

प्रश्न 2.
पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तराणि लिखत-
(क) परमिन्दर् गृहात् बहिरागत्य किं पश्यति?
उत्तरम्:
परमिन्दर् गृहात् बहिरागत्य यत् वायुवेगः तु सर्वथाऽवरुद्ध पश्यति।

(ख) अस्माभिः केषां निर्माणाय वृक्षाः कर्त्यन्ते?
उत्तरम्:
भवनानां, मैट्रोभार्गाणां, उपरिगामि सेतूनाम् मार्गेत्यादीनां निर्माणाय वृक्षाः कर्त्यन्ते।

(ग) विनयः संगीतामाहूय किं वदति?
उत्तरम्:
विनयः संगीतामाहूय पश्य-पश्य उपरितः इदानीमपि अवकरः मार्गे क्षिप्यते।

(घ) रोजलिन् आगत्य किं करोति?
उत्तरम्:
रोजलिन् आगत्य स्वक्षिप्तमवकरम् मार्गे विकीर्णमन्यदवकरं चापि संग्रह अवकरकण्डो ले पातयति।

(ङ) अन्ते जोसेफः पर्यावरणक्षायै कः उपायः बोधयति?
उत्तरम्:
अन्ते जोसेफ: पर्यावरणक्षायै प्लास्टिकस्य अवरोधः, नदी जले निमज्जिताः पशवः अपित रक्षणीयाः उपाय: बोधयति।

प्रश्न 3.
रेखांकितपदमाधृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत-
(क) जागरूकतया एव स्वच्छताऽभियानमपि गतिं प्राप्यति?
उत्तरम्:
कस्या एव स्वच्छताऽभियानमपि गतिं प्राप्स्यति।?

(ख) धेनुः शाकफलानामावरणैः सह प्लास्टिकस्यूतमपि खादति स्म?
उत्तरम्:
धेनुः कस्मै सह प्लास्टिकस्यूतमपि खादति स्म?

(ग) वायुवेगः सर्वथाऽवरुद्धः आसीत्?
उत्तरम्:
कः सर्वथाऽवरुद्धः आसीत्?

(घ) सर्वे अवकरं संगृह्य अवकरकण्डोले पातयन्ति?
उत्तरम्:
सर्वे अवकरं संगृह्य केन पातयन्ति?

(ङ) अधुना प्लास्टिकनिर्मितानि वस्तूनि प्रायः प्राप्यन्ते?
उत्तरम्:
अधुना प्लास्टिकनिर्मितानि कानि प्रायः प्राप्यन्ते?

(च) सर्वे नदीतीरं प्राप्ताः प्रसन्नाः भवति?
उत्तरम्:
सर्वे कुत्र प्राप्ताः प्रसन्नाः भवति?

प्रश्न 4.
सन्धिविच्छेदं पूरयत-
(क) ग्रीष्मतौं – ________ + ऋतौ
(ख) बहिरागत्य – बहिः + ________
(ग) काञ्चित् – ________ + चित्
(घ) तद्वनम् – ________ + वनम्
(ङ) कलमेत्यादीनि – कलम + ________
(च) अतीवानन्दप्रदोऽयम् – ________ + आनन्दप्रदः + ________
उत्तरम्:
(क) ग्रीष्मतौं – ग्रीष्म + ऋतौ
(ख) बहिरागत्य – बहिः + आगत्य
(ग) काञ्चित् – कश्यित् + चित्
(घ) तद्वनम् – तत् + वनम्
(ङ) कलमेत्यादीनि – कलम. + इत्या
(च) अतीवानन्दप्रदोऽयम् – अति + आनन्दप्रदः + अयम्

प्रश्न 5.
विशेषणपदैः सह विशेष्यपदानि योजयत-

उत्तरम्:

प्रश्न 6.
शुद्धकथनानां समक्षम् आम् अशुद्धकथनानां समक्षं च न इति लिखत-
(क) प्रचण्डोष्मणा पीडिताः बालाः सायंकाले एकैकं कृत्वा गृहाभ्यन्तरं गताः।
उत्तरम्:
आम्

(ख) मार्गे मित्राणि अवकरभाण्डारं यत्र-तत्र विकीर्ण दृष्ट्वा वार्तालापं कुर्वन्ति।
उत्तरम्:
आम्

(ग) अस्माभिः पर्यावरणस्वच्छतां प्रति प्रायः ध्यानं न दीयते।
उत्तरम्:
आम्

(घ) वायुं विना क्षणमपि जीवितुं न शक्यते।
उत्तरम्:
आम्

(ङ) रोजलिन् अवकरम् इतस्ततः प्रक्षेपणात् अवरोधयति बालकान्।
उत्तरम्:
आम्

(च) एकेन शुष्कवृक्षेण दह्यमानेन वनं सुपुत्रेण कुलमिव दह्यते।
उत्तरम्:
न

(छ) बालकाः धेनुं कदलीफलानि भोजयन्ति।
उत्तरम्:
आम्

(ज) नदीजले निमज्जिताः बालाः प्रसन्नाः भवन्ति।
उत्तरम्:
आम्

प्रश्न 7.
घटनाक्रमामनुसारं लिखत-
(क) उपरितः अवकरं क्षेप्तुम् उद्यतां रोजलिन् बालाः प्रबोधयन्ति।
(ख) प्लास्टिकस्य विविधापक्षान् विचारयितुं पर्यावरणसंरक्षणन पशूनेत्यादीन् रक्षितुं बालाः कृतनिश्चयाः भवन्ति।
(ग) गृहे प्रचण्डोष्मणा पीडितानि मित्राणि एकैकं कृत्वा गृहात् बहिरागच्छन्ति।
(घ) अन्ते बालाः जलविहारं कृत्वा प्रसीदन्ति।
(ङ) शाकफलानामावरणैः सह प्लास्टिकस्यूतमपि खादन्तीं धेनुं बालकाः कदलीफलानि भोजयन्ति।
(च) वृक्षाणां निरन्तरं कर्तनेन, ऊष्मावर्धनेन च दुःखिताः बालाः नदीतीरं गन्तुं प्रवृत्ताः भवन्ति।
(छ) बालैः सह रोजलिन् अपि मार्गे विकीर्णमवकरं यथास्थानं प्रक्षिपति।
(ज) मार्गे यत्र-तत्र विकीर्णमवकरं दृष्ट्वा पर्यावरणविषये चिन्तिताः बालाः परस्परं विचारयन्ति।
उत्तरम्:
(ग) गृहे प्रचण्डोष्मणा पीडितानि मित्राणि एकैकं कृत्वा गृहात् बहिरागच्छन्ति।
(ज) मार्गे यत्र-तत्र विकीर्णमवकरं दृष्ट्वा पर्यावरणविषये चिन्तिताः बालाः परस्परं विचारयन्ति।
(क) उपरितः अवकरं क्षेप्तुम् उद्यतां रोजलिन् बालाः प्रबोधयन्ति।
(घ) अन्ते बालाः जलविहारं कृत्वा प्रसीदन्ति।
(ङ) शाकफलानामावरणैः सह प्लास्टिकस्यूतमपि खादन्तीं धेनुं बालकाः कदलीफलानि भोजयन्ति।
(ख) प्लास्टिकस्य विविधापक्षान् विचारयितुं पर्यावरणसंरक्षणन पशूनेत्यादीन् रक्षितुं बालाः कृतनिश्चयाः भवन्ति।
(च) वृक्षाणां निरन्तरं कर्तनेन, ऊष्मावर्धनेन च दुःखिताः बालाः नदीतीरं गन्तुं प्रवृत्ताः भवन्ति।
(छ) बालैः सह रोजलिन् अपि मार्गे विकीर्णमवकरं यथास्थानं प्रक्षिपति।

Class 8 Sanskrit Chapter 12 कः रक्षति कः रक्षितः Summary

पाठ परिचय
प्रस्तुत पाठ स्वच्छता तथा पर्यावरण सुधार को ध्यान में रखकर सरल संस्कृत में लिखा गया एक संवादात्मक पाठ है। हम अपने आस-पास के वातावरण को किस प्रकार स्वच्छ रखें तथा यह भी ध्यान रखें कि नदियों को प्रदूषित न करें, वृक्षों को न काटें, अपितु अधिकाधिक वृक्षारोपण करें और धरा को शस्यश्यामला बनाएँ। प्लास्टिक का प्रयोग कम करके पर्यावरण संरक्षण में योगदान करें। इन सभी बिन्दुओं पर इस पाठ में चर्चा की गई है। पाठ का प्रारंभ कुछ मित्रों की बातचीत से होता है, जो सायंकाल में दिन भर की गर्मी से व्याकुल होकर घर से बाहर निकले हैं-

शब्दार्थ:
विद्युदभावे – बिजली चले जाने पर, प्रचण्डोष्मणा – बहुत गर्मी से, (प्रचण्ड + ऊष्मणा), निष्क्रामति – निकलता है, अवरुद्धः – रुका हुआ है, स्वेदबिन्दवः – पसीने की बूंदें, स्वेदधाराः इव – पसीने की नदियाँ सी, प्रस्रवन्ति – बह रही हैं, निदाघतापतप्तस्य – ग्रीष्म के ताप से दुःखी मनुष्य का, पुंसो भयार्दितस्येव – भयभीत मनुष्य के समान, उपरिगामिसेतूनाम् – ऊर्ध्वगामी पुलों के, कर्त्यन्ते – काटे जा रहे हैं, वह्निना – आग से, दह्यते – जलाया जाता है, चेत् – शायद, अवकरभाण्डारम् – कूड़े के ढेर, प्लास्टिकस्यूतानि – प्लास्टिक के लिफाफे, इवाचरामः (इव+आचराम:) – के समान व्यवहार करते हैं, क्षिप्यते – फेंका जा रहा है, आहूय – बुलाकर (आवाज़ लगा कर), मार्गे भ्रमत्सु – रास्ते में चलने वालों पर, देयाः – देने योग्य, विकीर्णम् – बिखरा हुआ, संगृह्य – इकट्ठा कर के, शाकफलानामावरणैः सह – सब्जियों और फलों के छिलकों के साथ, पिहिते अवकरकण्डोले – ढके हुए कूड़ेदान में, कार्पासेन – कपास से, चर्मणा – चमड़े से, आलपन्तः – बात करते हुए।

मूलपाठः
गद्यांश – वैभवः – अरे परमिन्दर! अपि त्वमपि विद्युदभावेन पीडितः बहिरागतः?

सरलार्थः
वैभवः – अरे परमिन्दर क्या बिजली नहीं रहने के कारण बाहर आए हो?

गद्यांश – परमिन्दर् : आम् मित्र! ……… पवनः।

सरलार्थ:
हाँ मित्र! एक तो बहुत गर्मी दूसरी और बिजली का अभाव बाहर पर भी हवा रूका हुआ सा है। सही कहा गया है कि – ‘हवा के बिना संसार नहीं, यदि हवा एक क्षण के लिए भी पृथ्वी पर नहीं हो तो पृथ्वी के सभी जीव नष्ट हो जायेगे।

गद्यांश – विनयः – अरे मित्र…………… नैव दृश्यन्ते॥

सरलार्थः
अरे मित्र पसीने की बँदे से शरीर पसीने की नदियाँ के समान बह रही है। शुक्ल महादेय ने श्लोक में लिखा है – तेज गर्मी के कारण जल की बुन्दे आकाश से विलुप्त ठीक वैसे ही जैसे सामान्य लोग आरक्षित की जगह नहीं होते।

गद्यांश – परमिन्दर – आम् …………….. जायते वपुः।

सरलार्थः
हाँ, यह तो बिल्कुल है – ‘तेज गर्मी के कारण दुःखी मनुष्य का ओंठ सुख जाता हैं जैसे डर के कारण मनुष्य के शरीर में पसीना सुख जाता है।

गद्यांश – जोसेफः मित्राणि ……………………… कुलं यथा।

सरलार्थः
दोस्तों, यहाँ-वहाँ बहुत धरती पर भवन भूमि के अन्दर के रास्ता, विशेषरूप से मैट्रो मार्ग, उर्ध्वगामी पुलों के, मार्गों के निर्माण में बहुत से वृक्ष काटे गए है जिससे पर्यावरण की उपेक्षा हुई है। हम लोग तो बहुत भुल गए हैं – जैसे एक सुखे पेड़ के टकराने से उत्पन्न अग्नि से पुरा जंगल जल जाता हैं ठीक इसी प्रकार एक कुपुत्र से पूरा वंश नष्ट हो जाता है।

गद्यांश – परमिन्दर – आम् ………….. शक्ष्येम।

सरलार्थः
हाँ ये सभी सत्य हैं आओ नदी के किनारे जाते हैं। वहाँ कहीं शान्ति प्राप्त होगी।

गद्यांश – जोसेफ: – पश्यन्तु मित्राणि ……… अनने प्रकारेण ……..

सरलार्थः
देखों मित्रों यहाँ-वहाँ प्लास्टिक के वस्तुएँ फेंकी हुई है। कहते हैं स्वास्थ्य के लिए स्वच्छता आवश्यक लेकिन हम लोग शिक्षित होकर भी अशिक्षित का आचरण कर रहे हैं।

गद्यांश – वैभवः – गृहाणि तु ……… न दीयते।

सरलार्थः
घर की सफाई पर हम लोग प्रतिदिन ध्यान देते हैं लेकिन पर्यावरण एवं स्वच्छता पर ध्यान न देते

गद्यांश – विनयः – पश्य-पश्य ………………. एवं संस्कारा देयाः।

सरलार्थः – देखो-देखों ऊपर सड़क पर बेकार चीजें फेंकी जा रही है कृपाकर ऐसा न करें। यह तो अशोभनीय है हम लोगों की भाँति बच्चों में भी ऐसा संस्कार होगा।

गद्यांश – रोजलिन् – आम् पुत्र! ……………… गति प्राप्यति।

सरलार्थः
हाँ पुत्र! सदा सत्य बोलते हो। क्षमा करो मैं बगीचा जाता हूँ। हम लोगों में जागरूकता होनी चाहिए और प्रधानमंत्री महोदय् के स्वच्छता अभिमान को गति प्रदान करनी चाहिए।

गद्यांश – विनयः – पश्य तत्र धेनुः …………. अवकरकण्डोले क्षिपन्ति।

सरलार्थः
देखो-देखों गाये फल और सब्जी के बाह्य छिलके के साथ प्लास्टिक की थैली भी खा जा रही है। ऐसा करने से रोकना है, रास्ते में केला बेचने वाला से लड़का केला खरीदकर गाय को खाने के लिए देता है और प्लास्टिक की थैली ढके हुए कुडेदान में डालने की सलाह दो।

गद्यांश – परमिन्दर – प्लास्टिकस्य मृत्तिकायां ………. प्राप्यन्ते।

सरलार्थः
परमिन्दर प्लास्टिक से बनी मुत्तियों से हमारे पर्यावरण की अपार क्षति होती है। पहले तो कपास से, चमड़ा से, लोहा से, लाख से, मिट्टी से, लकड़ी से वस्तुएँ बनायी जाती थीं अब इसके स्थान पर प्लास्टिक से बनी वस्तुएँ प्रयोग होती है।

गद्यांश – वैभवः – आम् घटिपट्टिका ……………. भवन्ति।
सरलार्थः
हाँ, घड़ी की पट्टी और अनेकों प्रकार की वस्तुएँ, कलम आदि वस्तुएँ तो प्लास्टिक से बनी हुई है।

गद्यांश – जोसेफः – आम् अस्माभिः ………….. सम्भवो भुवि।

सरलार्थः
हाँ। हम लोगों को अभिभावकों एवं शिक्षकों के सहयोग से प्लास्टिक के ऊपर अलग-अलग प्रकार से विचार करनी चाहिए। पर्यावरण से ही पशुओं की भी रक्षा होती है। इसके बाद सभी नदी के किनारे गए, नदी के जल में स्नान करते हुए गाने लगे – ‘यदि मित्रो पर्यावरण सही नहीं हैं तो कुछ भी नही है। सारा संसार पर्यावरण से ही संभव है।

गद्यांश – सर्वे – अतीवानन्दप्रदोऽयं जलविहारः।

सरलार्थः
सभी काफी खुशी के साथ जल विहार करने लगे।

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 8 त्रिवर्णः ध्वजः Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 8 त्रिवर्णः ध्वजः

पाठ्यपुस्तक के प्रश्न-अभ्यास

प्रश्न 1.
शुद्धकथनस्य समक्षम् ‘आम्’ अशुद्धकथनस्य समक्षं ‘न’ इति लिखत
(क) अस्माकं राष्ट्रस्य ध्वजे त्रयः वर्णाः सन्ति।
(ख) ध्वजे हरितवर्णः शान्तेः प्रतीकः अस्ति।
(ग) ध्वजे केशरवर्णः शक्त्याः सूचकः अस्ति।
(घ) स्वतन्त्रतायाः आन्दोलने लक्षाधिकाः जनाः स्वप्राणान् अत्यजन्।
(ङ) अस्माकं ध्वजः अनेकत्वे एकत्वस्य सूचकः।
उत्तर:
(क) आम्
(ख) न
(ग) आम्
(घ) आम्
(ङ) आम्।

प्रश्न 2.
अधोलिखितेषु पदेषु प्रयुक्तां विभक्तिं वचनंच लिखत-

प्रश्न 3.
एकपदेन उत्तरत
(क) अस्माकं ध्वजे कति वर्णाः सन्ति?
(ख) त्रिवर्णे ध्वजे शक्त्याः सूचकः कः वर्णः?
(ग) अशोकचक्रं कस्य द्योतकम् अस्ति?
(घ) त्रिवर्णः ध्वजः कस्य प्रतीकः?
उत्तर:
(क) त्रयः
(ख) केशरः
(ग) सत्यस्य धर्मस्य अहिंसायाः च
(घ) स्वाभिमानस्य।

प्रश्न 4.
एकवाक्येन उत्तरत
(क) अस्माकं ध्वजस्य श्वेतवर्णः कस्य सूचकः अस्ति?
(ख) स्वतन्त्रतायाः आन्दोलने कस्य महती भूमिका आसीत्?
(ग) अस्माभिः कस्य मानसम्मानरक्षा करणीया?
(घ) ध्वजस्य श्वेतपट्टिका कस्याः सूचिका अस्ति?
उत्तर:
(क) अस्माकं ध्वजस्य श्वेतवर्णः शान्तेः सूचकः अस्ति।
(ख) स्वतन्त्रतायाः आंदोलने ध्वजस्य महती भूमिका आसीत्।
(ग) अस्माभिः ध्वजस्य मानसम्मानरक्षा करणीया।
(घ) ध्वजस्य श्वेतपट्टिका सात्त्विकतायाः निर्मलतायाः च सूचिका अस्ति।

प्रश्न 5.
अधोलिखितवाक्येषु रेखाङ्कितपदानि आधृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत
(क) अस्माकं त्रिवर्णध्वजः विश्वविजयी भवेत्।
(ख) स्वधर्मात् प्रमादं वयं न कुर्याम।
(ग) एतत् सर्वम् अस्माकं नेतृणां सबुद्धेः सत्फलम्।
(घ) शत्रूणां समक्षं विजयः सुनिश्चितः भवेत्।
उत्तर:
(क) अस्माकं कः विश्वविजयी भवेत्?
(ख) स्वधर्मात् किं वयं न कुर्याम?
(ग) एतत् सर्वम् अस्माकं नेतृणां कस्याः सत्फलम्?
(घ) केषाम् समक्षं विजयः सुनिश्चितः भवेत्?

प्रश्न 6.
उदाहरणानुसारं समुचितैः पदैः रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत

प्रश्न 7.
समुचितमेलनं कृत्वा लिखत

उत्तर:

बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न

प्रश्न-निम्नलिखितानां प्रश्नानाम् शुद्धम् उत्तरं चित्वा लिखत

प्रश्न 1.
विद्यालये कः ध्वजारोहणं करिष्यति?
(क) प्राचार्यः
(ख) मन्त्री
(ग) नेता
(घ) शिक्षकः।
उत्तर:
(क) प्राचार्यः

प्रश्न 2.
अस्माकं ध्वजे हरितवर्णः कस्य सूचकः अस्ति?
(क) शान्तेः
(ख) समृद्धेः
(ग) शौर्यस्य
(घ) धैर्यस्य।
उत्तर:
(ख) समृद्धेः

प्रश्न 3.
अस्माकं ध्वजे श्वेतवर्णः कस्य सूचकः अस्ति?
(क) वीरतायाः
(ख) असत्यस्य
(ग) धर्मस्य
(घ) शान्तेः।
उत्तर:
(घ) शान्तेः

प्रश्न 4.
‘अत्यजन्’ पदे कः पुरुषः?
(क) प्रथमः पुरुषः
(ख) मध्यमः पुरुषः
(ग) उत्तम पुरुषः
(घ) परः पुरुषः।
उत्तर:
(क) प्रथमः पुरुषः

प्रश्न 5.
‘स्वतन्त्रतायाः’ पदे का विभक्तिः?
(क) षष्ठी
(ख) सप्तमी
(ग) प्रथमा
(घ) चतर्थी।
उत्तर:
(क) षष्ठी।

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 8 त्रिवर्णः ध्वजः Summary

केचन बालकाः …………………………….. संलपन्ति।
हिन्दी सरलार्थ-कुछ बालक और बालिकाएँ स्वतंत्रता दिवस के ध्वजारोहण समारोह में उत्साहपूर्वक जाते हुए आपस में बात कर रहे हैं।

1. देवेश:- …………………………….. त्रिवर्णः इति। (पृष्ठ 44)
हिन्दी सरलार्थ-देवेश-आज स्वतंत्रता दिवस है। हमारे विद्यालय के प्रधानाचार्य झंडा फहराएंगे और छात्र सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रम प्रस्तुत करेंगे। अंत में लड्डू मिलेंगे।

डेविड-शुचि ! क्या तुम जानती हो? हमारे झंडे का क्या नाम है? शचि-अरे, कौन ऐसा भारतीय है जो इस झण्डे के विषय में नहीं जानता है? हमारे देश का झण्डा तिरंगा है।

2. सलीमः …………………………….. गृहीताः? (पृष्ठ 44)
हिन्दी सरलार्थ-सलीम-रुचि ! इसका नाम तिरंगा क्यों है? रुचि-इस झंडे में तीन रंग हैं इसलिए यह तिरंगा (कहलाता) है। क्या तुम इन रंगों के नाम जानती हो?

सलीम-अरे, केसरिया, सफेद और हरा ये तीन रंग हैं। देवेश-हमारे झंडे में ये तीन ही रंग क्यों लिए गए हैं?

3. सलीमः- एतेषां …………………………….. सङ्केतिका। (पृष्ठ 45)
हिन्दी सरलार्थ-सलीम-इन तीनों रंगों का यहाँ विशेष अभिप्राय है। देवेश-क्या विशेष है?

सलीम-सुनो, केसरिया रंग वीरता का, सफेद रंग शांति का और हरा रंग समृद्धि का सूचक है। और यह झंडा स्वयम् अनेकता में एकता का प्रतीक है।

शुचि-क्या इन पट्टियों का अन्य महत्त्व भी है?

डेविड-हाँ ! क्यों नहीं? झण्डे के ऊपर स्थित केसरिया पट्टी आग की लपटों के समान ऊर्जा की और उत्साह की सूचक है। बीच में स्थित सफेद पट्टी सात्विकता और निर्मलता की द्योतक है। नीचे स्थित हरी पट्टी समृद्धि और प्रगति की संकेतिका है।

4. तेजिन्दरः-शचे! …………………………….. अभवत्। (पृष्ठ 45)
हिन्दी सरलार्थ-तेजिन्दर-शुचि ! क्या झंडे के बीच में स्थित चक्र का भी कुछ महत्त्व है?

शुचि-हाँ और क्या, यह अशोक चक्र सत्य, धर्म और अहिंसा का द्योतक है। प्रणव-क्या तुम नहीं जानती हो? स्वतंत्रता के आंदोलन में इस झंडे की बहुत बड़ी भूमिका थी। शुचि-झंडे की क्या भूमिका थी? देवेश-इस झंडे का आश्रय लेकर ही स्वतंत्रता का आंदोलन हुआ।

5. डेविड: …………………………….. जयतु भारतम्। (पृष्ठ)
हिन्दी सरलार्थ-डेविड-देश की स्वतंत्रता के लिए लक्ष्मीबाई, महात्मा गांधी, पं.जवाहर लाल नेहरू,सुभाषचंद्र बोस, चन्द्रशेखर आजाद, भगतसिंह, सरोजिनी नायडू, अरुणा आसफ अली आदि ने पूरा जीवन संघर्ष किया और लाखों लोगों ने अपने प्राण त्यागे।

तेजिन्दर–हमारा तिरंगा झंडा स्वाभिमान का प्रतीक है। सभी भारतीयों को इसका सम्मान करना चाहिए। इसलिए हमारा संकल्प होना चाहिए कि इस राष्ट्रध्वज के सम्मान की रक्षा के लिए हम सब अपने-अपने कर्तव्य में तत्पर रहें।

(तिरंगे झंडे की जय हो, भारत की जय हो।)

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 11 सावित्री बाई फुले Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 11 सावित्री बाई फुले

अभ्यासः

प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरत-
(क) कीदृशीनां कुरीतीनां सावित्री मुखरं विरोधम् अकरोत्?
उत्तरम्:
सामाजिक।

(ख) के कूपात् जलोद्धरणम् अवारयन्?
उत्तरम्:
उच्च वर्गीयाः।

(ग) का स्वदृढनिश्चयात् न विचलति?
उत्तरम्:
सावित्री बाईफुले।

(घ) विधवानां शिरोमुण्डनस्य निराकरणाय सा कैः मिलिता?
उत्तरम्:
साक्षात् नापितैः।

(ङ) सा कासां कृते प्रदेशस्य प्रथम विद्यालयम् आरभत?
उत्तरम्:
महाराष्ट्रस्य पुणे नगरे।

प्रश्न 2.
पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत-
(क) किं किं सहमाना सावित्रीबाई स्वदृढनिश्चयात् न विचलति?
उत्तरम्:
धूलिं प्रस्तरखण्डं सहमाना सावित्रीबाई स्वदृढनिश्चयात् च विचलति।

(ख) सावित्रीबाईफुलेमहोदयायाः पित्रोः नाम किमासीत्?
उत्तरम्:
सावित्रीबाईफुलेमहोदयायाः पित्रोः नाम खंडोजी आसीत्।

(ग) विवाहानन्तरमपि सावित्र्याः मनसि अध्ययनाभिलाषा कथम् उत्साहं प्राप्तवती?
उत्तरम्:
विवाहानन्तरमपि सावित्र्याः मनसि अध्ययनाभिलाषा स्त्री शिक्षा पर्बल समर्थकः उत्साह प्राप्तवती।

(घ) जलं पातुं निवार्यमाणाः नारी: सा कुत्र नीतवती किञ्चाकथयत्?
उत्तरम्:
जलं पातुं निवार्यमाणाः नारी: सा निजगृहं नीतवती अकथयत्।

(ङ) कासां संस्थानां स्थापनायां फुलेदम्पत्योः अवदानं महत्त्वपूर्णम्?
उत्तरम्:
महिला सेवामण्डल, शिशुप्रतिबन्ध गृहं संस्थानां स्थापनायां फुलेदम्पत्योः अवदानं महत्त्वपूर्णम्।

(च) सत्यशोधकमण्डलस्य उद्देश्यं किमासीत्?
उत्तरम्:
सत्यशोधकमण्डलस्य उत्त्पीड़ितानां, समुदायानां स्वाधिकारान् प्रति जागरणम् उद्देश्यं आसीत्।

(छ) तस्याः द्वयोः काव्यसङ्कलनयोः नामनी के?
उत्तरम्:
काव्यफूले, सुबोधरत्नाकर द्वयोः काव्यसङ्कलनयोः नामनी।

प्रश्न 3.
रेखांकितपदानि अधिकृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणम् कुरुत-
(क) सावित्रीबाई, कन्याभिः सविनोदम् आलपन्ती अध्यापने संलग्ना भवति स्म?
उत्तरम्:
सावित्रीबाई, कामिः सविनोदम् आलपन्ती अध्यापने संलग्ना भवति स्म।

(ख) सा महाराष्ट्रस्य प्रथमा महिला शिक्षिका आसीत्?
उत्तरम्:
सा कस्य प्रथमा महिला शिक्षिका आसीत्।

(ग) सा स्वपतिना सह कन्यानां कृते प्रदेशस्य प्रथम विद्यालयम् आरभत?
उत्तरम्:
सा स्वपतिना सह काम् कृते प्रदेशस्य प्रथम विद्यालयम् आरभत।

(घ) तया मनुष्याणां समानतायाः स्वतन्त्रतायाश्च पक्षः सर्वदा समर्थितः?
उत्तरम्:
तया काम् समानतायाः स्वतन्त्रतायाश्च पक्षः सर्वदा समर्थितः।

(ङ) साहित्यरचनया अपि सावित्री महीयते?
उत्तरम्:
साहित्यरचनया अपि का महीयते।

प्रश्न 4.
यथानिर्देशमुत्तरत-
(क) इदं चित्रं पाठशालायाः वर्तते- अत्र ‘वर्तते’ इति क्रियापदस्य कर्तृपदं किम्?
उत्तरम्:
पाठशालायाः।

(ख) तस्याः स्वकीयम् अध्ययनमपि सहैव प्रचलति – अस्मिन् वाक्ये विशेष्यपदं किम्?
उत्तरम्:
स्वकीयम् अध्ययनमपि।

(ग) अपि यूयमिमा महिलां जानीथ- अस्मिन् वाक्ये ‘यूयम्’ इति पदं केभ्यः प्रयुक्तम्?
उत्तरम्:
छात्राणां

(घ) सा ताः स्त्रियः निजगृहं नीतवती – अस्मिन् वाक्ये ‘सा’ इति सर्वनामपदं कस्यै प्रयुक्तम्?
उत्तरम्:
सावित्रीबाईफूले।

(ङ) शीर्णवस्त्रावृताः तथाकथिताः निम्नजातीयाः काश्चित् नार्यः जलं पातुं याचन्ते स्म – अत्र ‘नार्यः’ इति पदस्य विशेषणपदानि कति सन्ति, कानि च इति लिखत?
उत्तरम्:
शीर्णवस्त्रावृता, निम्नजातीयाः।

प्रश्न 5.
अधोलिखितानि पदानि आधृत्य वाक्यानि रचयतः-
स्वकीयम् – __________
सविनोदम् – __________
सक्रिया – __________
प्रदेशस्य – __________
मुखम् – __________
सर्वथा – __________
उत्तरम्:

प्रश्न 6(अ).
अधोलिखितानि पदानि आधुत्य वाक्यानि रचयत-
(क) उपरि – __________
(ख) आदानम् – __________
(ग) परकीयम् – __________
(घ) विषमता – __________
(ङ) व्यक्तिगतम् – __________
(च) आरोहः – __________
उत्तरम्:
(क) उपरि – उपरि निर्मितं चित्रं पश्यत।
(ख) आदानम् – विद्यायाः आदानं क्रियेत।
(ग) परकीयम् – परकीयम् वस्तुं न स्वीक्रियात्।
(घ) विषमता – अस्नाकं जीवने बहुनि विषमंग भवति।
(ङ) व्यक्तिगतम् – कस्यापि व्याक्तिगतं स्वतन्त्रता न तननीना।
(च) आरोहः – बसमानम् अरोहेत शनैः।

प्रश्न 6(आ).
अधोलिखितपदानां समानार्थकपदानि पाठात् चित्वा लिखत-
मार्गे, अविरतम, अध्यापने, अवदानम्, यथेष्टम्, मनसि
(क) शिक्षणे – __________
(ख) पथि – __________
(ग) हृदय – __________
(घ) इच्छानुसारम् – __________
(ङ) योगदानम् – __________
(च) निरन्तरम् – __________
उत्तरम्:
(क) शिक्षणे – अध्यापने
(ख) पथि – मार्गे
(ग) हृदय – यथेष्टम्
(घ) इच्छानुसारम् – मनसि
(ङ) योगदानम् – अवदानम्
(च) निरन्तरम् – अविरतम

प्रश्न 7(अ).
अधोलिखितानां पदानां लिङ्ग, विभक्तिं, वचनं च लिखतः-

उत्तरम्:

प्रश्न 7(आ).
उदाहरणमनुसृत्य लकारपरिवर्तनं कुरुतः।
वर्तमान कालः अतीतकाल:
यथा – सा शिक्षिका अस्ति। (लङ्लकारः) सा शिक्षिका आसीत्।
1. सा अध्यापने संलग्ना भवति। (लटलकार:)
2. सः त्रयोदशवर्षकल्पः अस्ति। (लङ्लकार:)
3. महिलाः तडागात् जलं नयन्ति। (लोट्लकारः)
4. वयं प्रतिदिनं पाठं पठामः। (विधिलिङ्ग)
5. यूयं किं विद्यालयं गच्छथ? (लटलकार:)
6. ते बालकाः विद्यालयात् गृहं गच्छन्ति। (लङ्लकार:)
उत्तरम्:

Class 8 Sanskrit Chapter 11 सावित्री बाई फुले Summary

पाठ परिचय
भारतवर्ष में प्राचीन काल में विदुषियों का उल्लेख मिलता है। कलान्तर में एक ऐसा कलंकित काल आया तब स्त्री शिक्षा लगभग समाप्त हो गई। शिक्षा हमारा अधिकार है। हमारे समाज में कई समुदाय इससे लम्बे समय तक वंचित रहे हैं। उन्हें इस अधिकार को पाने के लिए लम्बा संघर्ष करना पड़ा है। लड़कियों को तो ओर ज्यादा अवरोध झेलना पड़ता रहा है। प्रस्तुत पाठ इस संघर्ष का नेतृत्व करने वाली सावित्री बाई फुले के योगदान पर केन्द्रित है। जब-जब स्त्री शिक्षा के इतिहास की बात होगी, तब-तब फुले जैसी नारियों को चिर काल तक स्मरण किया जाएगा।

शब्दार्थ-
वर्तते-है; आदाय – लेकर; प्रस्तरखण्डान – पत्थर के टुकड़ों को; अजायन – पैदा हुई; अभिहितौ – कहे गए है; परिणीता – ब्याही गई; यतोहि- क्योंकि प्रारब्ध – आरम्भ किया; निराकरणाय – दूर करने के लिए; नापित – नाई; रूढौ – रुढि में; निकषा – निकट; सोढुम – सहने में; उत्पीडितानाम् – सताए हुओं का; अश्रान्तम – बिना थके हुए; महीयते – बढ़ चढ़कर है। पद्यबद्धम् – कविता के रूप में; गहनावबोधाय – गहराई से समझने के लिए; निधनम् – मृत्यु को; अध्येतव्यम् – पढ़ना चाहिए।

मूलपाठः
उपरि निर्मितः………….फूले नामधेया।

सरलार्थः
ऊपर बने हुए चित्र को देखो। यह चित्र किसी पाठशाला का है। यह साधारण पाठशाला नहीं है यह है महाराष्ट्र की पहली कन्या पाठशाला। एक शिक्षिका घर से पुस्तकें लेकर चलती है। मार्ग में कोई उस पर धूल फेंकता है। और कोई पत्थर के टुकड़े परन्तु वह अपने दृढ़ निश्चय से नहीं हटती। अपने विद्यालय में बालिकाओं से हँसी-मजाक से बातें करती हुई वह (उन्हें) पढ़ाने में लगी रहती है। उसका अपना अध्ययन भी साथ ही चलता है। कौन है यह महिला? क्या तुम सब इस महिला को जानते हैं? यह ही महाराष्ट्र की प्रथम महिला शिक्षिका है जिसका नाम ‘सावित्री बाई फुले’ है।

जनवरी मासस्य……………………अध्ययनं कृतवती।

सरलार्थः
जनवरी महीने तीसरे दिन सन् 1831 ईस्वी में महाराष्ट्र के नायगाँव नामक स्थान पर सावित्री जन्मी। उसकी माता का नाम लक्ष्मीबाई तथा पिता खंडोजी थे। नौ वर्ष वाली वह ज्योतिबा फुले महोदय से ब्याही गई। वे भी तब तेरह वर्ष के ही थे। क्योंकि वह स्त्री शिक्षा के प्रबल समर्थक थे इसलिए सावित्री के मन में स्थित अध्ययन की अभिलाषा स्रोत को पा गई। इससे पहले उसने आग्रहपूर्वक आङ्गल भाषा का अध्ययन भी किया। सन् 1948 ई. में पुणे नगर में सावित्री ने ज्योतिबा महोदय के साथ कन्याओं के लिए प्रदेश का पहला विद्यालय प्रारम्भ किया। जब वह केवल सत्रह वर्ष की थी। 1951 ई. में छुआछूत से तिरस्कृत की बालिकाओं के लिए उसने अलग से विद्यालय आरम्भ किया।

सामाजिककुरीतीनां सावित्री…………………….सर्वथा समर्थितः।

सरलार्थः
सामाजिक कुरीतियों का सावित्री ने मुखर विरोधी किया। विधवाओं के लिए मुंडाने का निराकरण करने के लिए वह साक्षात् नाइयों से मिली। परिणामत : कुछ नाइयों, ने इस रूढ़ि का साथ छोड़ दिया। एक बार सावित्री ने मार्ग में देखा कि कुएँ के पास फटे-पुराने कपड़े में लिपटी तथा कथित निम्न जाति की कुछ नारियाँ जल पीने के लिए माँग रही थीं। उच्च वर्ग वालों कने उपहास करते हुए कुएँ से जल निकालने के लिए रोक दिया। सावित्री यह अपमान नहीं सह सकी। वह उन स्त्रियों को अपने घर ले गई और तालाब दिखाकर कहा कि जितना चाहो उतना जल ले लो। यह तालाब सार्वजतिनक है। इससे जल लेने में जाति का बन्धन नहीं है। उसने मनुष्यों की समानता व स्वतन्त्रता के पक्ष का पूरी तरह से हमेशा समर्थन किया।

‘महिला सेवामण्डल’…………अवश्यम् अध्येतव्यम्।

सरलार्थः
‘महिला सेवा मण्डल’,’शिशु हत्या प्रतिबन्धक गृह इत्यादि संस्थाओं की स्थापना में फुले दम्पत्ति का महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान है। सत्यशोधक मण्डल की गतिविधियों पर भी सावित्री अत्यधिक सक्रिय थी इस मण्डल का उद्देश्य था सताए हुए समुदायों को अपने अधिकारी के लिए जाग्रत करना।’ सावित्री ने अपने प्रशासनकौशल से अनेक संस्थाओं का संचालन किया। अकाल और प्लेग के समय उसने पीड़ित लोगों को बिना थके सेव की सहायता सामग्री की व्यवस्था के लिए भरस्क प्रयास किया महामारी फैलने के समय सेवा में लगी हुई वह स्वयं असाध्य रोग से ग्रस्त होकर सन् 1867 ई. में स्वर्गवासी हो गई। साहित्य रचना में भी सावित्री आगे है उसके दो काव्य सकलन है। काव्यफुले और सुबोध रत्नाकर, भारत देश में महिलाओं के उत्थान की गहन जानकारी के लिए सवित्री के जीवन चरित्र का अध्ययन अवश्य करना चाहिए?