Author name: Prasanna

Buildings, Paintings, and Books Class 6 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 12 Buildings, Paintings, and Books familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Buildings, Paintings, and Books Class 6 Questions and Answers History Chapter 12

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 6 SST History Chapter 12 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 12 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 6 History Chapter 12 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Match the following.

Answer:
1. (b)
2. (e)
3. (d)
4. (a)
5. (c)

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks.
(a) ____________ was a great astronomer.
(b) Stories about gods and goddesses are found in the___________ .
(c) ________________ is recognized as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana.
(d) __________ and __________ are two Tamil epics.

Answer:
(a) Aryabhata
(b) Puranas
(c) Valmiki
(d) Silappadikaram, Manimekalai

Let’s Discuss

Question 3.
Make a list of the chapters in which you find mention of metal working. What are the metals objects mentioned or shown in those chapters?
Answer:
In most chapters of the textbook, use of metals has been described. The chapters can be enlisted as un­der:

1. In chapter No. 4- “In the Earliest Cities”
2. In chaper No. 5- “What Books and Burials Tell Us”.
3. In chapter No. 6- “Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic”.
4. In chapter No. 9- “Vital Villages, Thriving Towns”
5. In chapter No. 10- “ Traders, Kings and Pilgrims”.
6. In chapter No.11- “New Empires and Kingdoms”
7. In chapter No. 12- “Building, Paintings and Books”.

Metal objects of Tin, Copper, Bronze, Silver, Gold, Iron etc., have been mentioned.

Question 4.
Read the story on page 130. In what ways is the monkey king similar to or different from the kings you read about in Chapter 6 and 11?
Answer:
Students read the story given at page No. 130 under the textbook. The story is telling us how a monkey king saves the life of its 80,000 followers. This is the message for King that he should protect his countrymen in all the conditions whether he loses his own life in the process. This is the supreme virtue of a king. Therefore, it can be said that monkey king was similar to other human kings.

Question 5.
Find out more and tell a story from one of the epics.
Answer:
Students must have heard many epic stories. These stories guide us and teach us the ideals of life. These also tell us how we can establish equality and freedom in the society which steer us that a man’s work is not despicable. Apart from this, many of these tell us how we can come out from the hardships.

Truth, brotherhood, dedication, bravery, courage, respect, love, worship etc., may be as an integral part of the epic stories. Some epics describe beautiful stories of love whereas some describe a detailed war. Students discuss with the teacher and can write story of the Ramayana, the Mahabharata.

Let’s Do

Question 6.
List some steps that can be taken to make buildings and monuments accessible to differently abled people.
Answer:
The buildings and monument can be made friendly for the differently abled people in view of accessibility of these people; in the following ways:

• Provisions for wheel chairs should be made at the gate of buildings and monuments.
• Instead of stairs, a separate provision of slope for wheel chairs should be made and
• Separate staff should be appointed for help and guidance for differently abled people etc.

Question 7.
Try and list as many uses of paper as you can.
Answer:
In the modem society the use of papers has become very important in many fields. We use the papers in:

1. Reading: All books, magazines, periodicals, newspapers, publicity material in form of paper etc.
2. Writing: Copies, registers, entry books, log books, note pads, note slips, diary, letter heads, noting etc.
3. Packaging: Making of different type of cartons etc.
4. Making decorative items: Such as flowers, bouquets etc.
5. Playing items: Printed ludo, chess, kite etc.
6. Hygienic items: Such as tissue papers, napkins etc.

Question 8.
If you could visit any one of the places described in this chapter, which would you choose and why?
Answer:
There are descriptions about Mehrauli (Delhi), Sanchi Stupa (MP), Amravati, Mahabalipuram, Aihole, Jaina monastery from Odisha, National Museum, Delhi, Ajanta, Puhar etc. Students discuss with teachers and choose the place and also write the reasons for choosing the place.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 12 Buildings, Paintings, and Books PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Class 9 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 5

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Geography Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 5 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why are the southern slopes in Himalayan region covered with thick vegetation cover as compared to northern slopes of the same hills?
Answer:
The northern slopes of the hills in the Himalayan region are at high altitude and have very low temperature or are snow covered. This does not allow much vegetation. On the other hand, in the southern slopes of the hills there are plains and valleys endowed with rivers, fertile soil and pleasant temperature. As a result, these regions have dense growth of vegetation.

Question 2.
Why have the western slopes of the Western Ghats covered with thick forests and not the eastern slopes?
Answer:
The western slopes of the Western Ghats receive much more rain than the eastern slopes and the Western Ghats are considerably wetter than the dry Deccan to the east.

Geography Class 9 Chapter 5 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra
(b) Tidal
(c) Himalayan
(d) Tropical Evergreen
Answer:
(d) Tropical Evergreen

(ii) Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than
(a) 100 cm
(b) 50 cm
(c) 70 cm
(d) less than 50 cm
Answer:
(b) 50 cm

(iii) In which of the following state is the Simlipal bio-reserve located?
(a) Punjab
(b) Delhi
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
Answer:
(c) Odisha

(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bio-reserve?
(a) Manas
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Gulf of Mannar
(d) Nanda Devi
Answer:
(a) Manas

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly:

(i) Define an ecosystem.
Answer:
All the plants and animals in an area are interdependent and inter-related to each other in their physical environment, thus forming an ecosystem. In short we can say that interrelation between plants and animals in the natural environment is called ecosystem.

(ii) What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India?
Answer:
The factors responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India are:

• Relief – It includes land and soil.
• Climate – It includes temperature, photoperiod and precipitation.

(iii) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
Answer:
Bio-reserves are the large areas where vegetation, wild life and the environment are conserved to preserve the biological diversity. There are altogether 14 bio-reserves in India. Sundarbans, Gulf of Mannar, the Nilgiris, etc. are some of them.

(iv) Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation.
Answer:

• Two animals having habitat in tropical type of vegetation are – lion and tiger.
• Two animals having habitat in montane type of vegetation are – Kashmir stag and spotted deer.

Question 3.
Distinguish between
(i) Flora and Fauna
(ii) Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests.
Answer:
(i) The plant species of particular region or period are called flora .on the other hand, the animal species of particular region or period are called fauna.

Question 4.
Name different types of Vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes.
Answer:
Different types of vegetation found in India are:

• Tropical Evergreen Forests
• Tropical Deciduous Forests
• Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
• Montane Forests
• Mangrove Forests Vegetation of high altitudes

At high altitudes, generally more than 3,600 metres above sea-level, temperate forests and grasslands give way to the Alpine vegetation. Common trees found in these forests are silver fir, junipers, pines and birches. However, they get progressively stunted as they approach the snow-line. Ultimately through shrubs and scrubs, they merge into the Alpine grasslands. These are used extensively for grazing by nomadic tribes. At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of tundra vegetation.

Question 5.
Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?
Answer:
Few species of plants and animals are endangered in India because of the following reasons:

• Increase in population
• Large scale deforestation to bring land under cultivation and habitation
• Hunting by greedy hunters for commercial purposes
• Pollution due to chemical and industrial waste, acid deposits
• Urbanisation and industrialisation.

Question 6.
Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna?
Answer:
(i) India is a diverse country with different relief features, for example, mountains, plateaus, plains, etc. Different types of vegetation are found in these regions and the vegetation give shelter to variety of wild life.

(ii) Different types of soils provide basis for different types of vegetation. The sandy soils of the desert support cactus and thorny bushes while wet, marshy, deltaic soils support mangroves and deltaic vegetation. The hill slopes with some depth of soil have conical trees.

(iii) The climate of India differs from north to south and east to west. Such climate supports a great variety of flora and fauna.

(iv) The variation in duration of sunlight at different places due to differences in latitude and altitude is also contributes to India’s flora and fauna. Due to longer sunlight, trees grow faster in summer.

(v) In India almost the entire rainfall is brought in by the advancing southwest monsoon and retreating northeast monsoons. Areas of heavy rainfall have more dense vegetation as compared to other areas of less rainfall. Needless to say that dense vegetation supports a great variety of animals.

Map Skills

On an outline map of India, label the following:
(i) Areas of Evergreen Forests
(ii) Areas of Dry deciduous Forests
(iii) Two national parks each in northern, southern, eastern and western parts of the country.

Project/Activity

(i) Find some trees in your neighbourhood having medicinal values.
(ii) Find ten occupations getting raw materials from forests and wild life.
(iii) Write a poem or paragraph showing the importance of wild life.
(iv) Write the script of a street play giving the importance of tree plantation and try to exact it in your locality.
(v) Plant a tree either on your birthday or one of your family member’s birthday. Note the growth of the tree and notice in which season it grows faster.
Answer:
(i) Some trees in my neighbourhood having medicinal values are neem, kachnar.

(ii) Ten occupations getting raw material from forests and wild life are:

• Rubber industry
• Carpentry
• Cotton textile industry
• Food production
• Hunting
• Paper industry
• Glue industry
• Leather industry
• Medicines
• Charcoal for heating

(iii) Importance of Wild life: Wild life plays an important role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of nature. Wild life serves as an abundant resource of food and livelihood. Wild life also promotes tourism industry. National parks around the world earn massive incomes every year by opening wild life observatories and creating safari parks where visitors can observe wild animals in their natural habitats.

(iv) Importance of tree plantation: Trees are of immense importance. They play a major role in enhancing the quality of environment. They modify local climate, control soil erosion, regulate stream flow, support a variety of industries, provide livelihood for many communities and offer panoramic view for recreation. They control wind force and temperature and causes rainfall. They provide humus to the soil and shelter to the wild life. Owing to these reasons tree plantation is given so much importance.

(v) Do it yourself.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Climate Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Climate Class 9 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 4

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Geography Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Climate NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why the houses in Rajasthan have thick walls and flat roofs?
Answer:
Rajasthan being a very hot place, people build houses with thick wall that are hard for heat to penetrate. Such walls also help in heat loss during the night, when Rajasthan climate suddenly becomes cold.

Question 2.
Why it is that houses in the Tarai region and in Goa and Mangalore have sloping roofs?
Answer:
The houses in the Tarai region and in Goa and Mangalore have sloping roofs because they get heavy downpour during the rainy season. Sloping roofs make it easy for the rainwater to flow off towards the ground or to a receptive until where water is collected instead of collecting on the rooftop.

Question 3.
Why houses in Assam are built in stilts?
Answer:
Assam receives heavy downpour during the rainy season. There is always a fair chance of floods. In case of floods the water might get inside the houses, if they are built above the ground level. In order to avert such a situation, people in Assam build houses on stilts.

Question 4.
Why most of the world’s deserts are located in the western margins of continents in the subtropics?
Answer:
It is because the prevailing winds in the tropics are tropical easterly winds, which become dry by the time they reach the western margins of the continents and so bring no rainfall. Thus, the region becomes dry leading to the formation of deserts.

Geography Class 9 Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Choose the correct answer from the four alternative given below:
(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?
(a) Silchar
(b) Mawsynram
(c) Cherrapunji
(d) Guwahati
Answer:
(b) Mawsynram

(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers in known as:
(a) Kaal Baisakhi
(b) Loo
(c) Trade winds
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Loo

(iii) Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in north-western part of India?
(a) Cyclonic depression
(b) Retreating monsoon
(c) Western disturbances
(d) Southwest monsoon
Answer:
(c) Western disturbances

(iv) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:
(a) Early May
(b) Early July
(c) Early June
(d) Early August
Answer:
(c) Early June

(v) Which one of the following characteristics the cold weather season in India?
(a) Warm days and warm nights
(b) Warm days and cold nights
(c) Cool days and cold nights
(d) Cold days and warm nights.
Answer:
(b) Warm days and cold nights

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly:

(i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
Answer:
There are six controls that affect the climate of India.
They are:

• Latitude
• Altitude
• Pressure and wind system
• Distance from the sea
• Ocean currents
• Relief features

(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
Answer:
It is because monsoon winds play an important role in the climate of India.

(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?
Answer:
The north-western part of India experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature. In certain places there is a wide difference between day and night temperatures. In the Thar Desert the day temperature may rise to 50°C, and drop down to near 15°C the same night. On the other hand, there is hardly any difference in day and night temperatures in the Andaman and Nicobar islands or in Kerala.

(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?
Answer:
The south-west monsoon winds accounts for rainfall along the Malabar coast.

(v) What are Jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?
Answer:
Jet streams are a narrow belt of high altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter. A number of separate jet streams have been identified. The most constant are the mid-latitude and the sub tropical jet stream. Jet streams over the India peninsula during the summer affect the monsoon.

The sub-tropical westerly jet stream blows south of the Himalayas, all through the year except in summer. The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country are brought in by this westerly flow. An easterly jet stream called the sub-tropical easterly jet steam blows over peninsular India, approximately over 14°N during the summer months. It affects the coastal regions of the country and is responsible for tropical cyclones during the monsoon as well I as in October-November.

(vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by ‘break’ in monsoon?
Answer:
Monsoons are moisture laden winds from the southwest which bring heavy rainfall to south Asia, in summer. ‘Break’ in monsoon means that the monsoon has alternate wet and dry spells. This means that the monsoon rains take place for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough.

(vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?
Answer:
The seasonal alternation of the wind systems and the associated weather conditions provide a rhythmic cycle of seasons. Monsoon rains are unevenly distributed and typically uncertain. The Indian landscape, plant and animal life, agriculture, the people and their festivities, all revolve around the monsoon. People from all over India eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon. It binds the whole country by providing water which sets all agricultural activities in motion. That is why, the monsoon is considered an unifying bond.

Question 3.
Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India?
Answer:
(i) The rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India because of the decrease in the moisture of the winds.

(ii) As the moisture bearing winds of the Bay of Bengal branch of the south-west monsoon move further and further inland, the moisture gradually decreases that affects the rainfall which is low when moving towards westwards.

(iii) States like Gujarat and Rajasthan in western India, therefore, receive scanty rainfall.

Question 4.
Give reasons as to why.
(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes places over the Indian subcontinent.
(ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
(iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
(v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.
Answer:
(i) During winter, there is a high-pressure area north of the Himalayas. Cold dry winds blow from this region to the low-pressure areas over the oceans to the south. In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over northwestern India. This causes a complete reversal of the direction of winds during summer.

(ii) Air moves from high-pressure area over the southern India an Ocean, in a south-easterly direction, crosses the equator, and turns right towards the low-pressure areas over the southwest monsoon winds. These wind blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bring widespread rainfall over the mainland of India. The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to mid-September. All the moisture is lost till then.

(iii) During the winter season, the north-west trade winds prevail over the country. These winds blow from land to sea and hence for most part of the country it is a dry season. However, some amount of rainfall occurs on the Tamil Nadu coast as these winds here blow from sea to land.

(iv) The cyclonic depressions which originate over the Andaman sea generally cross the eastern coasts of India and cause heavy rainfall. These cyclones are often very destructive. Sometimes these cyclones arrive at the coasts of Odisha, West Bengal and Bangladesh.

(v) These areas receives scantly rainfall. By the time monsoon winds reach Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats there is very little moisture left in these winds. As rainfall is scanty, these areas are drought-prone.

Question 5.
Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.
Answer:
To understand the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India, we can give the following
examples:
(i) In summer, the mercury occasionally touches 50°C in some parts of the Rajasthan desert, whereas it may be around 20°C in Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir.

(ii) On a winter night, temperature at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir may be as low as minus 45°C. Thiruvananthapuram, on the other hand, may have a temperature of 22°C.

(iii) The annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan.

(iv) Most parts of the country receive rainfall from June to September. But some parts like the Tamil Nadu coasts gets a large portion of its rain during October and November.

(v) Coastal areas experience less contrasts in temperature conditions due to the moderating influence of the sea.

Question 6.
Discuss the mechanism of monsoons.
Answer:
(i) The climate of India is described as the monsoon type.
The monsoons are not steady winds but are pulsating in nature, affected by different atmospheric conditions encountered by it, on its way over the warm tropical seas. The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to mid-September.

(ii) The monsoon arrives at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula generally by the first week of June. Subsequently, it proceeds into two the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.

(iii) The Arabian Sea branch reaches Mumbai about ten days later on approximately the 10th of June. This is fairly rapid advance. The Bay of Bengal branch also advances rapidly and arrives in Assam in the first week of June. The lofty mountains causes the monsoon winds to deflect towards the west over the Ganga plains.

(iv) By mid-June the Arabian sea branch of the monsoon arrives over Saurashtra-Kuchchh and the central part of the country.

(v) The Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal branches of the monsoon merge over the northwestern part of the Ganga plains and cause rainfall. By mid-July, the monsoon reaches Himachal Pradesh and the rest of the country.

(vi) The withdrawal of the monsoon begins in north-western states of India by early September. By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula. The withdrawal from the southern half of the peninsula is fairly rapid. By early December, the monsoon has withdrawn from the rest of the country.

Question 7.
Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.
Answer:
The cold season is one of the four main seasons in India. The weather conditions and characteristics of this season are given below:
(i) If begins from mid-November in northern India and stays till February. December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India.

(ii) The temperature decreases from south to the north. Days are warm and nights are cold. Frost is common in the north and higher slopes of the Himalayas experience snowfall.

(iii) During this season, the northwest trade winds prevail over the country. They blow from land to sea and therefore, for most part of the country, it is a dry season.

(iv) In the northern part of the country, a weak high-pressure region develops, with light winds moving outwards from this area. Influenced by the relief, these winds blow through the Ganga valley from the west and the northwest. The weather is normally marked by clear sky, low temperatures and low humidity and weak, variable winds.

(v) A characteristic feature of the cold weather season over the northern plains is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest. These low-pressure systems, originate over the Mediterranean Sea and western Asia and move into India, along with the westerly flow. They cause winter rains over the plains and snowfall in the mountains. These rains are of immense importance for the cultivation of rabi crops.

Question 8.
Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.
Answer:
The characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India are:
(i) The inflow of the south-west monsoon into India bring about a total change in the weather. Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250 cm.

(ii) The Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receive some amount of rain in spite of lying in the rain shadow area.

(iii) The maximum rainfall of this season is received in the north-eastern part of the country. Rainfall in the Ganga valley decreases from the east to the west. Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat got little rainfall.

(iv) An important phenomenon of the monsoon is its tendency to have ‘breaks’ in rainfall. Thus, it has wet and dry spells. It means, the monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals.

(v) The breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough. For various reasons, the trough and its axis keep on moving northward or southward, which determines the spatial distribution of rainfall.

(vi) When the axis of the monsoon trough lies over the plains, rainfall is good in these parts. On the other hand, whenever the axis shifts closer to the Himalayas, there are longer dry spells in the plains, and widespread rain occur in the mountainous catchment areas of the Himalayan rivers. These heavy rains bring devastating floods causing damage to life and property in the plains.

(vii) The monsoon is known for its uncertainties. While it causes heavy floods in one part, it may be responsible for droughts in the other. It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat causing a lot of problems to the farmers.

Map Skills

On an outline map of India, show the following:
(i) Areas receiving rainfall over 400 cm.
(ii) Areas receiving less than 20 cm of rainfall.
(iii) The direction of the south-west monsoon over India.

Project/Activity

1. (i) Find out which songs, dances, festivals and special food preparations are associated
with certain seasons in your region. Do they have some commonality with other regions of India?
(ii) Collect photographs of typical rural houses and clothing of people from different regions of India. Examine whether they reflect any relationship with the climatic conditions and relief of the area.
Answer:
For self-attempt

In Table-I the average mean monthly temperatures and amounts of rainfall of ten representative stations have been given. It is for you to study on your own and convert them into ‘temperature and rainfall’ graphs. A glance at these visual representations will help you to grasp instantly the similarities and differences between them. One such graph given below is already prepared for you. See if you can arrive at some broad generalisations about our diverse climatic conditions. We hope you are in for a great joy of learning. Do the following activities.

Map Skills
On an outline map of India, show the following:
(i) Areas receiving rainfall over 400 cm.
(ii) Areas receiving less than 20 cm of rainfall.
(iii) The direction of the south-west monsoon over India.

Project/Activity
Question 1.
(i) Find out which songs, dances, festivals and special food preparations are associated
with certain seasons in your region. Do they have some commonality with other regions of India?
(ii) Collect photographs of typical rural houses and clothing of people from different regions of India. Examine whether they reflect any relationship with the climatic conditions and relief of the area.
Answer:
For self-attempt

1. In Table-I the average mean monthly temperatures and amounts of rainfall of ten representative stations have been given. It is for you to study on your own and convert them into ‘temperature and rainfall’ graphs. A glance at these visual representations will help you to grasp instantly the similarities and differences between them. One such graph given below is already prepared for you. See if you can arrive at some broad generalisations about our diverse climatic conditions. We hope you are in for a great joy of learning. Do the following activities.

Question 2.
(i) According to their distance from the equator.
(ii) According to their altitude above mean sea-level.
Answer:
(i) Ten stations according to their distance from the equator:
Thiruvananthapuram (nearest)

• Bengaluru
• Mumbai
• Nagpur
• Kolkata
•  Shillong
• Jodhpur
• Delhi
• Leh (farthest)

(ii) Ten stations according to their altitude above mean-sea-level

• Thiruvananthapuram (nearest)
• Chennai
• Delhi
• Nagpur
• Shillong
• Kolkata (lowest)
• Mumbai
• Jodhpur
• Bengaluru
• Leh (highest)

Question 3.
(i) Name two rainiest stations.
(ii) Name two driest stations.
(iii) Two stations with most equable climate.
(iv) Two stations with most extreme climate.
(v) Two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons.
(vi) Two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons.
(vii) Two stations influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons (viii) Two stations influenced by retreating and north-east monsoons.
(ix) Two stations receiving winter showers from the western disturbances.
(x) The two hottest stations in the months of
(a) February (b) April (c) May (d) June

Answer:
(i) Shillong and Mumbai
(ii) Leh and Jodhpur
(iii) Bengaluru and Thiruvananthapuram
(iv) Leh and Jodhphur
(v) Thiruvananthapuram and Mumbai
(vi) Shillong and Kolkata
(vii) Delhi and Kolkata
(viii) Chennai and Bengaluru
(ix) Jodhpur and Delhi
(x) The two hottest stations in the months of

• February — Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram
• April — Nagpur and Kolkata
• May — Nagpur and Jodhpur
• June — Jodhpur and Delhi

Question 4.
Now find out
(i) Why are Tiruvanantapuram and Shillong rainier in June than in July?
(ii) Why is July rainier in Mumbai than in Tiruvanantapuram?
(iii) Why are southwest monsoons less rainy in Chennai?
(iv) Why is Shillong rainier than Kolkata?
(v) Why is Kolkata rainier in July than in June unlike Shillong which is rainier in June than in July?
(vi) Why does Delhi receive more rain than Jodhpur?
Answer:
(i) They are rainier in June than in July because the monsoon’s arrival occurs in both these regions in June and the first monsoon rains here are very intense.

(ii) It is because the south-west monsoon reaches Mumbai earlier than Thiruvananthapuram.

(iii) It is because Chennai falls in the rain shadow area of the south-west monsoons.

(iv) Shillong is in a hilly area and hills trap the monsoon winds which cause rainfall in that area. So, it becomes rainier than Kolkata.

(v) The monsoon reaches Shillong earlier than Kolkata and the initial impact is heavier than the later showers. So, Shillong is rainier in June than in July while Kolkata is rainier in July than in June.

(vi) We know that the amount of rainfall decreases from east to west in the northern India. Since Delhi is situated east to Jodhpur, so it receives more rain.

Question 5.
Now think why
(a) Tiruvanantapuram has equable climate?
(b) Chennai has more rains only after the fury of monsoon is over in most parts of the country?
(c) Jodhpur has a hot desert type of climate?
(d) Leh has moderate precipitation almost throughut the year?
(e) while in Delhi and Jodhpur most of the rain is confined to nearly three months, in Tiruvanantapuram and Shillong it is almost nine months of the year?
In spite of these facts see carefully if there are strong evidences to conclude that the monsoons still provide a very strong framework lending overall climatic unity to the whole country.
Answer:
(a) Thiruvananthapuram has equable climate because

• lies on the sea coast, and
• it is near to the equator, where all seasons have similar temperatures.

(b) It happens because of retreating monsoon.

(c) Jodhpur is located in the north-western part of India which is a desert. So it has a hot desert type of climate.

(d) Leh is the cold desert and is a valley in-between two mountain ranges. No monsoon winds are able to reach it. That is why, it has moderate precipitation almost throughout the year.

(e) Thiruvananthapuram is on the sea coast and so it receives rainfall from both the southwest and north east monsoons, besides receiving rainfall due to local disturbances which pick up moisture from the sea. Shillong is a hilly region and so receives rain from the monsoon as well as from local disturbances which are trapped by hills.

The monsoon is known for its uncertainties. Nevertheless, its unifying influence on the Indian subcontinent is quite understandable. The Indian landscape, its animal and plant life, its entire agricultural calendar and the life of the people, including their festivities, revolve around the monsoon. Year after year, people of India from north to south and from east to west, eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon. These monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water to set the agricultural activities in motion. The river valleys which carries this water also unite as a single river valley unit.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

New Empires and Kingdoms Class 6 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 11 New Empires and Kingdoms familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

New Empires and Kingdoms Class 6 Questions and Answers History Chapter 11

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 6 SST History Chapter 11 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 11 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 6 History Chapter 11 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
State whether true or false.
(a) Harishena composed a prashasti in praise of Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni.
(b) The rulers of Aryavarta brought tribute for Samudragupta.
(c) There were twelve rulers in Dakshinapatha.
(d) Taxila and Madurai were important centres under the control of the Gupta rulers.
(e) Aihole was the capital of the Pallavas.
(f) Local assemblies functioned for several centuries in south India.

Answer:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False
(e) False
(f) True

Question 2.
Mention three authors who wrote about Harshavardhana.
Answer:
Three authors who wrote about Harshavardhana were:

• Banabhatta (court poet)
• Xuan Zang (Chinese pilgrim)
• Harshavardhana himself wrote some books.

Question 3.
What changes do you find in the army at this time?
Answer:
A new military system developed during the period. The leaders who provided the troop to the kings were called ‘samantas’. They had elephants, chariots, cavalry and foot soldiers for the war purpose. They were not paid by the king but were given grants of land. When they found weakness of the King, they took advantage of the situation and became independent Kings.

Question 4.
What were the new administrative arrangements during this period?

Answer:
During this period, following administrative arrangements were noticed:
(i) The support of the powerful person was emphasized during the period. There were persons who were economically or socially or politically powerful and efforts were made to find the support of such persons.

(ii) Appointment of Hereditary officer was an important arrangement during this period. The hereditary officers were sure that after them their sons will take the same position. This arrangement provided stability to the regime and due to this the King became sure towards any cheating of powerful official.

(iii) Another new arrangement that took place during the period that was one officer would hold more than one post. This provision also provided the stability to the Kingdom.

(iv) During this period, another arrangement was made. In this administration, associations were made at city level as well as village level. This was an innovative idea of participation of more people in decision-making.

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
What do you think Arvind would have to do if he was acting as Samudragupta?
Answer:
Arvind would have to make the following arrangements:

1. He would have to sit on a royal throne and play a veena and recite poetry.
2. He would have to manage a court with many officials.
3. He would have to wear a royal dress with weapons like sword, kawach, mukut etc.
4. He should have a court poet.

Question 6.
Do you think ordinary people would have read and understood the prashastis? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
I think ordinary people would not have been able to read and understand the prashastis because the prashastis were written in Sanskrit language which was not a language of ordinary people. Ordinary people were used to Prakrit language. Apart from this, I think some arrangements should have been made essentially for understanding of the ordinary people as it was arranged during the Mauryan regime.

Let’s Do

Question 7.
If you had to make a genealogy for yourself, who are the people you would include in it? How many generations would you like to show? Make a chart and fill it.
Answer:
As the genealogy included details of the generations; I would like to express my four generations. My genealogy is as under:

Question 8.
How do you think wars affect the lives of ordinary people today?
Answer:
Wars always affect the common man. Wars create disaster. In most of the cases, two groups or two nations fight war. The world has faced two world wars. Uncountable people and soldiers died and injured in the war. In Second World War, America used Atom Bomb against Japan, in which uncountable people were killed and almost all the buildings and infrastructure were ruined off.

The effect of Atom Bomb can be seen till the date. India also faced three wars, two with Pakistan and one with China. India lost many of army men, citizens and infrastructure. If a man is killed in the war, his/her whole family faces grief for the entire life. Thus, it can be said that wars affect the lives of ordinary people.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 11 New Empires and Kingdoms PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Traders, Kings and Pilgrims Class 6 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 10 Traders, Kings and Pilgrims familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Traders, Kings and Pilgrims Class 6 Questions and Answers History Chapter 10

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 6 SST History Chapter 10 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 10 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 6 History Chapter 10 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Match the following.

Answer:
1. (e)
2. (c)
3. (b)
4. (a)
5. (d)

Question 2.
Why did kings want to control the Silk Route?
Answer:
Kings wanted to control the Silk Route because they could collect taxes, tributes and gifts particularly from the Roman traders who used this route.

Question 3.
What kinds of evidences do historians use to find out about trade and trade routes?
Answer:
Historians used various kinds of evidences to find out about trade and trade routes; such as:

1. Coins
2. Pots
3. Different type of wearing articles
4. Grains and foodstuffs
5. Means of transportation
6. Sculptures and inscriptions
7. Caves or habitation sites etc.

Question 4.
What were the main features of Bhakti?
Answer:
The main features of Bhakti can be summarized as under:

1. It is a person’s devotion to his or her chosen deity.
2. The idea of Bhakti is present in Bhagavad Gita.
3. In Bhagavad Gita, Krishna (the God) asks Arjuna (his devotee and friend) to abandon all dharmas and take refuge in him, as only he can set Arjuna free from every evil.
4. Those who followed the system of Bhakti emphasized devotion and individual worship of a god or goddess rather than the performance of elaborate sacrifices.
5. Shiva, Vishnu and goddesses such as Durga are worshiped mainly.

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
Discuss the reasons why the Chinese pilgrims came to India.
Answer:
Chinese pilgrims came to India because they were very much keen to know about the life of Buddha. Therefore, they visited at the places which were associated with the Buddha to get deep knowledge about him. The knowledge of monasteries also attracted them. They were also interested to carry the books with them related to the Buddha. Important places of their visit were – Samath, Lumbini, Nalanda, Taxila etc. The Chinese pilgrims who came to India as pilgrims were Fa-Xian, Xuan Zang and I-Qing.

Question 6.
Why do you think ordinary people were attracted to Bhakti?
Answer:
The Bhakti was open for every one whether they were women or men, poor or rich, lower caste or upper caste. Under the Bhakti, the people could chose their deity as per their choice. This form gave freedom of worship to the ordinary people which was not provisioned in the Vedas. These were some reasons thereby ordinary people were attracted to Bhakti.

Let’s Do

Question 7.
List five things that you buy from the market. Which of these are made in the city/village in which you live, and which are brought by traders from other areas?
Answer:
There are many things which need to be brought from the market for daily use. The illustrated list may be as:

1. Food items such as rice, pulses, wheat, oil, spices etc.
2. Stationery items such as books, pens, pencils, note pads etc.
3. Wearable items such as clothes, shoes, optical, bags etc.
4. Electronic items such as TV, fridge, computer, watch etc.
5. Pottery, handicraft items.

Food items are produced in the villages and are supplied to cities too. Stationery items are made in the factories which are mostly situated at cities and supplied in villages too. Raw material of clothes is mostly produced in villages and finally finished in the cities. Likewise, electronic items are prepared in cities and supplied to the villages too. Pottery and handicraft items are prepared by artisans who may be either from cities or from villages and thus these may be prepared in cities or villages.

Question 8.
There are several major pilgrimages performed by people in India today. Find out about any one of them and write a short description (Hint: who can go on the pilgrimage – men, women or children? How long does it take? How do people travel? What do they take with them? What do they do when they reach the holy place? Do they bring anything back with them?)
Answer:
Students discuss with their teachers and can prepare a short description.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 10 Traders, Kings and Pilgrims PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Vital Villages, Thriving Towns Class 6 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Vital Villages, Thriving Towns Class 6 Questions and Answers History Chapter 9

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 6 SST History Chapter 9 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 9 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 6 History Chapter 9 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks.

(a) ____________ was a word used for large landowners in Tamil.
(b) The gramabhojaka often got his land cultivated by the ____________.
(c) Ploughmen were known as ____________ in Tamil.
(d) Most grihapatis were______________ landowners.

Answer:
(a) Vellalar
(b) slaves
(c) Uzhavar
(d) independent

Question 2.
Describe the functions of the gramabhojaka. Why do you think he was powerful?

Answer:
In the northern part of the country, the village headman was known as the gramabhojaka. The functions of the gramabhojaka can be described as under:

• He used to collect the taxes for kingdom.
• He also functioned like a judge and sometimes as policeman.
• He owned very large land. Many slaves and labourers were used to cultivate it.

The gramabhojaka was a powerful person because:

1. He had very much land and many people worked for him. It means many people were depending for their livelihood on the grambhojaka.
2. His post was hereditary, this made him powerful.
3. He had power to collect the taxes from the merchants, artisans, farmers etc., on behalf of the king which also made him powerful.
4. He also had power to settle the disputes and he acted as a judge.
5. He also played role of policing sometimes which made him more powerful.

Question 3.
List the crafts persons who would have been present in both villages and cities.

Answer:
The craftspersons who would have been present in both villages and cities can be listed as:

1. Weavers
2. Carpenters
3. Basketmakers
4. Perfumers
5. Sculptures
6. Goldsmiths

Question 4.
Choose the correct answer.
(i) Ring wells were used for:
(a) Bathing
(b) Washing clothes
(c) Irrigation
(d) Drainage
Answer:
(d) Drainage

(ii) Punch marked coins were made of:
(a) Silver
(b) Gold
(c) Tin
(d) Ivory
Answer:
(a) Silver

(iii) Mathura was an important:
(a) Village
(b) Port
(c) Religious centre
(d) Forested area
Answer:
(c) Religious centre

(iv) Shrenis were associations of:
(a) Rulers
(b) Craftspersons
(c) Farmers
(d) Herders
Answer:
(b) Craftspersons

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
Which of the iron tools shown on pages 87 would have been important for agriculture? What would the other tools have been used for?
Answer:
The following iron tools have been shown on page no. 87:

• Tongs
• Axe
• Sickle

Axe and sickle are important tools for the agriculture.
Other tools: Ploughshare, digging stick, hammers, spade etc.

Question 6.
Compare the drainage system in your locality with that of the cities mentioned in the lesson. What similarities and differences do you notice?

Answer:
Students discuss with the teacher and find out about the drainage system existing in your city.

Presently, in our cities a well-developed drainage system is found. A network of heavy pipe lines is made and liquid wastage of homes connected to the main pipelines. We can see these pipelines are made of both cement and concrete or of iron. Thus, the present drainage system in big cities is very arranged and strong. But in many villages and cities drainage system has not been developed properly.

Whereas about 2500 years ago drainage system was planned well but it was not strong in view of used materials. The material used was baked clay or bricks, which was not capable to survive long.

Let’s Do

Question 7.
If you have seen craftspersons at work, describe in a short paragraph what they do. (Hint: how do they get the raw materials, what kind of equipment do they use, how do they work, what happens to the finished product).

Answer:
Craftspersons are found in cities as well as in the villages. Weavers, carpenters, basket makers, perfumers, sculpturers, goldsmiths, blacksmiths etc., are the crafts persons who made the items by hand with a specific skill.

They get raw materials from villages as well as from cities.

Equipment used by craftsperson: Different types of craftspersons use different equipments for making the products. Weavers use kargha, carpenters use wood, hand axe, borer, iron-blade, nails etc. Basketmakers use rope, bamboo etc. Perfumers use different type of fragrance made of flowers and grasses through machines. The equipment use by sculpturers are hammer, chheni etc. Goldsmiths and blacksmiths use funeral, heating and beating rods etc.

How crafts persons work: Most of the craftspersons have their own working place or workshop. All the facilities which are required by them are being facilitated on the workshop so that smooth functioning could be done. In the workshop, skilled persons work and family members also provide help.

Finished Products: Crafts persons make products and these are also checked by the head of craftspersons who mostly have more skill in comparison to the others. The finished products are supplied in the market either directly to the consumers or through middlemen.

Question 8.
List the functions performed by men and women who live in your city or village. In what ways are these similar to those performed by people who lived in Mathura? In what ways are they different?

Answer:
Different type of people live in cities and villages and perform different works. In the cities, men and women work in the offices, factories, malls, shops, and other institutes. In the cities, people are skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled. Whereas, in the villages, most of the people are engaged with the work of agriculture, some are landless labourers. Most of the people grow grain in the villages.

There were a religious place as well as a trade place in Mathura. Mathura was a city where craftsmen, blacksmiths, weavers, sculpturers etc., lived. I think it was not very much different from the present cities in view of functions.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.