CBSE Class 8

Understanding Laws Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Understanding Laws familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Understanding Laws Class 8 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 4

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Civics Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Civics Chapter 4 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Civics Class 8 Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write in your own words what you understand by the term the “rule of law’. In your response include a fictitious or real example of a violation of the rule of law.
Answer:
“Rule of Law’ means the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws.
The real example of a violation of the rule of law.

• Motorists and pedestrians do not follow the traffic rules.
• Travelling in train without ticket.

Question 2.
State two reasons why historians refute the claim that the British introduced the rule of law in India.
Answer:
Two reasons why historians refute the claim that the British introduced the rule of law in India are given below:
(i) The colonial rule was arbitrary. The sedition Act passed in 1870 states that any person protesting or criticising the British government could be arrested without any trial.

(ii) The Indian nationalists played a prominent role in the development of legal sphere in the British India.

Question 3.
Re-read the storyboard on how a new law on domestic violence got passed. Describe in your own words the different ways in which women’s groups worked to make this happen.
Answer:
The different ways in which women groups made it happen were as follows:

• The women organisation took active part in making the voice of women put in front of the nation.
• Women started raising their voice against the injustice by taking advices from their colleague and by getting aware of what to do against cruelism done to them.
• Need for civil law for this issue was demanded.
• Discussions were conducted in the groups of lawyers, law students activists that led to drafting of the domestic violence (prevention and protection) bill.
• Media played a vital role in spreading what actually the scenario is of women life in the society.
• Several women’s organisation, commission for women have made submission to the Parliamentary Standing Committee.
• Press conferences were held asking government about the implementation about the new laws by the women in Opposition parties.

Question 4.
Write in your own words what you understand by the following sentence on page 44-45: They also began fighting for greater equality and wanted to change the idea of law from a set of rules that they were forced to obey, to law as including ideas of justice.
Answer:
They also began fighting for greater equality and wanted to change the idea of law from a set of rules that they were forced to obey, to law as including idea of justice.

• This sentence can be explained as the protest and criticism of the Indian Nationalists against the arbitrary action played by the British over Indians. In order to change the behaviour or we can say the cruel behaviour of the British over Indians in India by enforcing the unjust laws the nationalists started fighting and raising their voice against the British. The Indian Nationalists wanted to establish equality.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 4 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers

(Page No.-45)

Question 1.
The word ‘arbitrary’ has been used earlier in this book and you’ve read what the word means in the Glossary of Chapter 1. The word ‘sedition’ has been included in the Glossary of this chapter. Read the Glossary descriptions of both words and then answer the following questions: State one reason why you think the Sedition Act of 1870 was arbitrary? In what ways does the Sedition Act of 1870 contradict the rule of law?
Answer:
Sedition means anything that the government might consider as stirring up resistance or rebellion against it. Arbitrary means that nothing is fixed and is instead left to one’s judgement or choice. This can be used to refer to rules that are not fixed, or decisions that have no basis etc. So arbitrariness that continued to exists as part the British law is the sedition Act of 1870. The idea of sedition was very broadly understood within this act as any person who is protesting or criticising the British government could be arrested without due trial.

(Page No.- 48)

Question 2.
What do you understand by ‘domestic violence’? List the two rights that the new law helped achieve for women who are survivors of violence.
Answer:
Domestic Violence refers violent or aggressive behaviour within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner.
The two rights that new law helped achieve for women who are survivors of violence are:

• The right of women to live in a shared household.
• Women can get monetary relief and get a protection against any further violence.

Question 3.
Can you list one process that was used to make more people aware of the need for this law?
Answer:
Media can play a vital role by spreading more and more knowledge to make more people aware of the need for this law.

Question 4.
From the above storyboard, can you list two different ways in which people lobbied Parliament?
Answer:
Through group discussion and public hearing, people lobbied the Parliament.

Question 5.
In the following poster, what do you understand by the phrase ‘Equal Relationships are Violence Free’?
Answer:
‘Equal relationships are violence free’. It means that equality, respect and mutual understanding are basis of a stable relationship. Violence should be completely avoided.

(Page No.-50)

Question 6.
Read the newspapers/watch news on TV for a week and find out if there are any unpopular laws that people in India or around the world are currently protesting.
Answer:
Do it by yourself.

Question 7.
List the three forms of protest that you see in the photos given below.

Answer:
Three forms of protest we see in the above photos:

• Hunger strike
• Agitation
• Rally

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Understanding Laws PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Why Do We Need a Parliament Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 Why Do We Need a Parliament  familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Why Do We Need a Parliament Class 8 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 3

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Civics Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Civics Chapter 3 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Civics Class 8 Chapter 3 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why do you think the nationalist movement supported the idea that all adults have a right to vote?
Answer:
The experience of colonial people in the struggle for freedom left little doubt in the minds of the nationalists that all persons in independent. India would be able to participate in decision making. With the independence, citizens were going to be free. This did not mean that government could do what it liked.

The government had to be sensitive about the people’s needs and demands. Therefore this shows how the nationalist movement supported the idea that all adult have the right to vote. The dreams and aspiration of the struggle were made concrete in the Constitution of India that laid down the principle of universal adult franchise, ie all adult citizens of the country have the right to vote.

Question 2.
In this 2004 map of Parliamentary constituencies alongside, roughly identify the constituencies in your State. What is the name of the MP from your constituency? How many MPs does your State have? Why are certain constituencies coloured green while others are coloured blue?
Answer:

• My State is Delhi and the total no. of constituency in Delhi is 7. And I am from south Delhi constituency whose MP is xyz.
• My State has 7 MPs.
• The green colour constituencies show that they are reserved for ST people. Blue colour shows the constituencies are reserved for SCs and pink shows that it is for all.

Question 3.
You have read in Chapter 1 that the ‘Parliamentary form of government’ that exists in India has three tiers. This includes the Parliament (central government) and the various State Legislatures (State government). Fill in the following table with information on the various representatives from your area:

Answer:
Do it by yourself.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 3 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers

(Page No.-31)

Question 1.
What do you think the artist is trying to convey through the image of Parliament on the previous page?
Answer:
The artist is trying to convey that the Parliament is standing on the pillar of unity of Indians who have participated in difficult struggle. And parliament is based on people’s strength, the way the people being citizens play key role in decision making and controlling the government.

Question 2.
Give one reason why you think there should be universal adult franchise.
Answer:
Universal Adult Franchise helps all the citizens of country to get involved in democratic process of govt, formation. It does not exclude any section of the society from any category from using the voting rights after getting above the age decided to vote.

(Page No.-32)

Question 3.
Do you think there would be any difference if the class monitor was selected by the teacher or elected by the students? Discuss.
Answer:
Selection of class monitor by the students will not be based on any one’s favoritism and the representative will be chosen through a democratic process. The monitor which will be chosen by the teacher world not be appropriate for the other students as selection will be based on the favoritism of the teacher.

(Page No.-35)

Question 4.
Use the table alongside to answer the questions below:
(i) Who will form the government? Why?
(ii) Who will be present for discussions in the Lok Sabha?
(iii) Is this process similar to what you have read about in Class VII?
Answer:

(i) Indian National Congress will form the government because it gained majority in elections,
(ii) The MPs will be present in the Lok Sabha for discussion.

Question 5.
The photograph on page 28 shows results from the 3rd Lok Sabha elections held in 1962. Use the photograph to answer the following questions:
(i) Which State has the highest number of MPs in the Lok Sabha? Why do you think this is so?
(ii) Which State has the least number of MPs in the Lok Sabha?
(iii) Which political party has won the most seats in all States?
(iv) Which party do you think will form the government? Give reasons why.
Answer:
(i) Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of MPs in Lok Sabha because of its large population.
(ii) Manipur has the least number of MPs.
(iii) The Congress party has won the most seats in all States.
(iv) The Congress party will form the government because it got majority in elections.

(Page No.-38)

Question 6.
The following is an example of a question asked in the Parliament.
Lok Sabha
Unstarred Question no 2007 Answered on 30.11.2007
Junk Food in Schools
2007. Shrisalarapatty Kuppusamy Kharventhan .
Will the Minister of Women and child development be pleased to State:
(a) Whether the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) has asked all State Governments to ban junk foods in schools and also for setting up of nutrition standards;
(b) if so, the details thereof;
(c) Whether the Union Government has ensured the compliance of the above standards by the States; and
(d) if so, the details thereof.
Answer:
The minister of state of the ministry of women and child development (a) and (b) no, sir. a letter was issued to the states by national commission for protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) to consider providing guidelines to schools to create a school nutrition policy.
(c) and (d) Does not arise.
Answer:
The information sought
(a) Whether the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) has asked all State Governments to ban junk foods in schools and also for setting up of nutrition standards.
(c) Whether the Union Government has ensured the compliance of the above standards by the States.

Question 7.
(i) In the above question, what information is being sought from the Minister of Women and Child Development?
(ii) If you were a Member of Parliament (MP), list two questions that you would like to ask.
Answer:
If I were an MP. I would like to ask:
(i) What is plan of the government regarding the decline of ratio of the employment?
(ii) How can the government help society students by moving towards quality education not by moving towards only to gain degrees?

Question 8.

Looking at this table would you say that people’s participation during the past 50 years has: decreased/increased/been stable after initial increase?
Answer:
People’s participation is neither properly decreasing nor increasing, neither it is stable.

(Page No.-40)

Question 9.
Why do you think there are so few women Parliament? Discuss.
Answer:
Our society was based on the patriarchal mindset from its past and to change that mindset it needs time. So, although there are so few women in Parliament but day by day the condition is improving as the girls are getting aware and educated.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 Why Do We Need a Parliament PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Understanding Secularism Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Understanding Secularism Class 8 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 2

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Civics Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Civics Class 8 Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List the different types of religious practice that you find in your neighbourhood. This could be different forms of prayer, worship of different gods, sacred sites, different kinds of religious music and singing, etc. Does this indicate freedom of religious practice?
Answer:
There are different types of religious practices we find in our neighbourhood as we find different types of religions in our Indian society such as Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Parsis, Christians, etc. They all have their own beliefs and rituals and are free to offer prayers in their own way. The religious practices are in form of celebration like, Holi, Diwali, Hymsis bhajan, Ramayan, Gita, Id, Muharram, Christmas, Guru Gobind Singh Jayati, etc. These are some examples that show different types of religious practices.

• Yes, it indicates Freedom of Religious practices.

Question 2.
Will the government intervene if some religious group says that their religion allows them to practise infanticide? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Yes, the government will definitely intervene if some religious group says that their religion allow them to practise infanticide because the term infanticide is against the right to life. As infanticide means intentional killing of infants and the’s is unacceptable, Therefore, the government in this case, will interfere by coercion.

Answer:

Question 4.
Look up the annual calendar of holidays of your school. How many of them pertain to different religions? What does this indicate?
Answer:
The annual calender of holidays of our school pertains to several different religions for eg. Makar Sankranti, Ravidass Jayanti, Shivaratri, Id ul zuha, Good Friday, Muhharram, Buddha Purnima, Christmas, Holi, Diwali, etc. This indicates that Indian Secularism where religious freedom has been granted to its citizens and all citizens and all religions are equally respected.

Question 5.
Find out some examples of different views within the same religion.
Answer:
Examples of different views within same religion.

• Muslims divided into Shia and Sunnis.
• Buddhism divided into Hinayana and Mahayana.
• In Jainism there are two divisions — Shwetambara and Digambara.

Question 6.
The Indian State both keeps away from religion as well as intervenes in religion. This idea can be quite confusing. Discuss this once again in class using examples from the chapter as well as those that you might have come up with.
Answer:

• The Indian State distances itself from the religion as it is not ruled by a religious group nor by any one religion.
• It does not support any religion.
• Sometimes the State interference may be seen keeping in mind that there exists equality or not.
• States, sometimes also intervenes in the religion based on persons laws of the communities and this is to ensure that laws relating to equal inheritance are protected.

Question 7.
This poster alongside highlights the need for ‘Peace’. It says, “Peace is a never-ending process…. It cannot ignore our differences or overlook our common interests.” Write in your own words what you think the above sentences are trying to convey? Hov aes it e to the need for religious tolerance?
Answer:
The sentence “Peace is a never ending process. It cannot ignore our differences or overlook our common interests ‘conveys a message that all the people should live together with peace irrespective of their communities. It is very important that each religion should respect the other. One should work in minimizing the differences of religious communities and work together at every moment.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers

(Page No.-20)
Question 1.
Discuss in class: Can there be different views within the same religion?
Answer:
Yes, there can be different views within the same religions for eg in Jainism there are sects divided which believe in different ideologies.

(Page No.-22)

Question 2.
In the above storyboard, discuss the answer given by the teacher.
Answer:
According to the teacher the government schools cannot promote any religion and cannot celebrate any religious festival are public holidays so that we can celebrate these at home.

(Page No.-23)

Question 3.
Government schools often have students from different religious backgrounds. Re-read the three objectives of a secular State and write two sentences on why it is important that government schools do not promote any one religion?
Answer:
It is believed that Indian States work in various ways to prevent the religious domination by using the strategy of distancing, itself from religion. Indian State is not ruled by a religious group and nor does it support any one religion.

• Indian government schools are not supposed to display or promote any one religion.
• Government schools cannot give importance to any one religion and festivals are celebrated in school premises.

(Page No.-25)

Question 4.
Can you think of a recent incident, from any part of India, in which the secular ideals of the Constitution w . violated and persons were persecuted and killed because of their religious backgrounds?
Answer:
In Godhra incident of 2002 in Gujarat the secular ideas of the Constitution were violated and persons were persecuted and killed because of their religious background.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 1

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Civics Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Civics Class 8 Chapter 1 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why does a democratic country need a Constitution?
Answer:
There are several reasons that explain why a democratic country needs a Constitution. Some are mentioned below:

• The Constitution lays out important guidelines that govern decisions making within the various societies of the country. The Constitution defines the nature of a country’s political system.
• It even lays down the ideals that form the basis of the kind of country that the citizens aspire to live in.
• The Constitution in the democracy even lays down the rules that guard against the misuse of authority by the political leaders.
• The Constitution helps its citizens by protecting against the decisions that adversely affect on the larger principles that the country believes in.

Question 2.
Look at the wordings of the two documents given below. The first column is from the 1990 Nepal Constitution. The second column is from the more recent Interim Constitution of Nepal.

What is the difference in who exercises ‘Executive Power’ in the above two Constitutions of Nepal? Keeping this in mind, why do you think Nepal needs a new Constitution today?
Answer:
The difference is that in 1990 Constitution of Nepal, the power had been vested in the hands of the king of Nepal and the Council of the Ministers.

• Nepal needed a new Constitution because Nepal needed to establish democracy within the country. And the older Constitution was executed with the power of monarch and the old Constitution did not reflect even the ideal of the country the Nepal people wanted and for what they fought a long time for.

Question 3.
What would happen if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives?
Answer:
In democracy we choose our leaders so they can exercise power with responsibility on our behalf, And if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives then there was possibility that these leaders might misuse their authority. So, the restrictions safeguard against the misuse of powers by any of the elected representatives.

Question 4.
In each of the following situations, identify the minority. Write one reason why you think it is important to respect the views of the minority in each of these situations.
(a) In a school with 30 teachers, 20 of them are male.
(b) In a city, 5 per cent of the population are Buddhists.
(c) In a factory mess for all employees, 80 per cent are vegetarians.
(d) In a class of 50 students, 40 belong to more well-off families.
Answer:
(a) Female teachers are in minority. Minority of female teachers can lead to over dominance of male teachers over the authority that could lead to creation of a male preferrable administration. Voice of the females will not be raised at maximum times and if raised they will be left unheard. So it is important that the opinions and efforts of the female teachers are not be obstructed for their minority status.

(b) In this case Buddhist are in minority. And as according to the right to profess any religion of our choice the religion followed by any citizen must be respected equally.

(c) Non-vegetarians are in minorities as they are only 20%. As the food choice depends on person to person therefore there should be freedom on what to eat or not without any obstructions.

(d) Students of poor families would be called minorities while students of well-off families are in majority. It is wrong to discriminate anyone on the basis of economic status.

Question 5.
The column on the left lists some of the key features of the Indian Constitution. In the other column write two sentences, in your own words, on why you think this feature is important:

Answer:

Question 6.
Colour in the following countries in this map:
(a) Colour India in red.
(b) Colour Nepal in green.
(c) Colour Bangladesh in yellow.
Answer:
Do it by yourself

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers

(Page No. 6)
Question 1.
Discuss with your teacher what you understand by the term ‘constitutive’. Provide one example of ‘constitutive rules’ from your everyday life.
Answer:
The term constitutive means the fundamental rules that are compulsory to be followed.
One eg.
According to the rules of football if the ball touches the arm of any players except goalkeeper then this is considered a foul.
These types of rules help us define the game and also in distinguishing one game from another. They are fundamental to the game, we can also call them the constitutive rules of the game.

Question 2.
Why do the people of Nepal want a new Constitution?
Answer:
The Nepal people do not want to continue with the previous Constitution when Nepal was the monarchial state. The previous constituion did not reflect the ideals of the country that they wanted Nepal to be, and they fought for it. That is the reason why the people of Nepal want a new Constitution.

(Page No.-7)

Question 3.
In what way is the class monitor misusing his power?
Answer:
He is misusing his power by making false complaints.

Question 4.
In which of the following situations is a minister misusing his power:
(a) refuses to sanction a project of his ministry for sound technical reasons;
(b) threatens to send his security staff to rough up his neighbour;
(c) calls up the police station asking them not to register a complaint that is likely to be filed against his relative.
Answer:
(b) and (c)

Question 5.
Read the following storyboard and answer the question that follow:

Who is in a minority in the above storyboard? In what way is this minority being dominated by the decision taken by the majority?
Answer:
Girls are in minority. Girls always have to do what boys wants because they are in majority.

Question 6.
Read the following storyboard and answer the question that follow:

Why was Shabnam happy that she had not watch TV? What would you have done in a similar situation?
Answer:
Shabnam was happy that she did not watch TV as she had to revise the last two chapters left for test and so many questions were asked in the test from the last two chapters.

(Page No.-13)

Question 7.
Discuss the difference between state and Government with your teacher.
Answer:
‘Government’ is responsible for administering and enforcing laws. The government can change with elections. The state on the other hand refers to a political institution that represents a sovereign people who occupy a definite territory.

(Page No.-14)

Question 8.
Which Fundamental Rights will the following situations violate:
(a) If a 13-year old child is working in a factory manufacturing carpets.
(b) If a politician in one state decides to not allow labourers from other states to work in his state.
(c) If a group of people are not given permission to open a Telugu-medium school in Kerala.
(d) If the government decides not to promote an officer of the armed forces because she is a woman.
Answer:
(a) Right against Exploitation.
(b) Right to Freedom
(c) Cultural and Educational Right.
(d) Right to Equality.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

India After Independence Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 12 India After Independence familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

India After Independence Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 12

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 12 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 12 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 12 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.
Answer:
Three problems newly independent India faced:
(i) As a partition of India around 8 million people lost their homes, jobs and lands. These refugees from Pakistan had to be resettled in India.

(ii) There were around 500 princely states which had declared autonomy after the independence and had to be persuaded to join the newly formed India.

(iii) India had great population of approximately around 345 million that was divided on the basis of castes, community, languages, dress and lifestyle etc., that needed to be united as soon as possible.

Question 2.
What was the role of the Planning Commission?
Answer:
Planning Commission was set up in 1950 by the Govt, of India. Planning Commission was aimed at designing and executing suitable policies of economic development for the country.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Subjects that were placed on the Union list were ………… and ……………..
(b) Subjects on the Concurrent List were ………… and ……………..
(c) Economic planning by which both the state and the private sector played a role in development was called a…………….. model.
(d) The death of …………….. sparked off such violent protests that the government was forced to give in to the demand for the linguistic state of Andhra.
Answer:
(a) Taxes, defence, foreign affairs
(b) Agriculture & forest
(c) mixed economy

Question 4.
State whether true of false:
(а) At independence, the majority of Indians lived in villages.
(b) The Constituent Assembly was made up of members of the Congress party.
(c) In the first national election only men were allowed to vote.
(d) The Second Five Year Plan focused on the development of heavy industry.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
What did Dr. Ambedkar mean when he said that “In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality”?
Answer:
Dr. Ambedkar was a visionary leader. Through this sentence “In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality” he was trying to say that through votes in politics, everyone can get equality, but we will remain unequal in social and economic life. Proper distribution of resources and income is necessary to overcome inequality in social and economic life.

Question 6.
After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?
Answer:
After Independence, India was facing another one problem that was the formation of States on the basis of languages. Although the Congress had earlier agreed on this before independence, but later All India Congress Party seemed to have many difficulties in implementing it. The biggest problem was that on the basis of language, the unity and integrity of the country might not be threatened as India was already facing crisis on the basis of Caste, Religion etc. For this reason the leaders of our country like- Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru and Sardar Patel avoided this. Later, on the basis of language, the first State ‘Andhra Pradesh’ was created.

Question 7.
Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.
Answer:
English continued to be used in India after Independence because there was strong opposition of Hindi as a national language in some States.
Therefore, it was only way to continue the English in the various fields of government functioning. However, the constitution has provisioned that States can declare their own language of work including Hindi and English.

Question 8.
How was the economic development of India visualized in the early decades after Independence?
Answer:
When India became independent, the domestic industries had been ruined during the British period. The country had scarcity of food grains. There was unemployment and many more problems all around. After independence Govt, of India formed Planning Commission in 1950. This Commission was responsible to design and execute suitable policies of economic development for the country through the Five Year Plans.

The second Five Year Plan was dedicated to the development of Industries. During this period many Industries were developed. Apart from the activities of Planning Commission our Govt, took decisions gradually in all the fields such as manufacturing, Banking, establishment of various PSEs, Cottage industry etc. Such a way, India has made land marks in the early decades in view of economic development.

Let’s Do

Question 9.
Who was Mira Behn? Find out more about her life and her ideas.
Answer:
Mira Behn was a daughter of British Admiral. Her real name was Madeline Shade. She was very much impressed with Mahatmp. Gandhi and because of this she left England to live and work with Gandhiji. Her life was totally devoted for human development, following up Gandhiji thoughts and to the freedom struggle. In 1982, she was awarded the Padma Vibhushan.

Question 10.
Find out more about the language divisions in Pakistan that led to the creation of the new nation of Bangladesh. How did Bangladesh achieve independence from Pakistan?
Answer:
In 1947, when India divided into India and Pakistan, the Pakistan had two regions- East Pakistan and West Pakistan. This division was on the basis of linguistic majority. The West Pakistan was Urdu speaking region while East Pakistan was Bengali dominated region. There was inferiority complex in the people of Eastern Pakistan and fundamental rights were violated extremely which was led by the Western Pakistan. Gradually, this led great dissatisfaction among them.

The people of East Pakistan began migrating India and this migration became a great challenge for our country. India made efforts to make the situation controlled. India supported the victims of East Pakistani People which resulted war between India and Pakistan. As a result East Pakistan became independent as ‘Bangladesh’ on 16th December, 1971.

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The Making of the National Movement 1870s-1947 Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 11

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 11 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 11 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 11 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?
Answer:
The dissatisfaction among people with the British rule in the 1870’s to 1880’s had several reason:
(i) The arms act was passed in 1878 disallowing Indians from possessing arms.

(ii) In 1878 only, the Vernacular Press Act was also enacted in an effort to silence those who were critical of the government. This act allowed the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing presses if the newspapers published anything that was found “objectionable”.

(iii) In 1883, there was a furore over the attempt by the government to introduce the Ilbert Bill. The bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians, and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country. But when white opposition forced the government to withdraw the Bill, Indians were enraged as the event highlighted the racial attitudes of the British in India.

Question 2.
Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?
Answer:
In the Indian National Congress always wished to speak for the voice of Indians. As the Indian National Congress was composed of the representatives, not of any one class or community of India, but of all the different communities of India, so they always wished to speak for Indians whether belonging to any community.

Question 3.
What economic impact did the First World War have on India?
Answer:
The First World War not only altered the political situation but also the economical situation in India and the economic impact created by it was as follows:
(i) It led to huge rise in the defence expenditure of the Government of India.

• Government in turn increased taxes on the individual’s income and business profits.

(ii) Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which had created great difficulties for the common people.

(iii) Business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war.

• As the war created a demand for industrial goods and caused a decline of imports from other countries into India it resulted in the expansion of the Indian industries during the war.
• Indian business group began to demand greater opportunities for development.

Question 4.
What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?
Answer:
The Muslim League Resolution of 1940 asked for “Independent States” for Muslims in the North-western and western and eastern states of the country. The resolution did not mention partition or Pakistan.

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?
Answer:
Moderates were leaders who were against the adoption of any violence for convincing the British. They were the ideal followers of non-violence. The moderates proposed to struggle against the British rule by adopting non-violence methods as Moderate leaders wanted to develop public awareness about the unjust nature of the British rule.

They published newspapers, wrote articles, and showed how British rule was leading to economic ruin of the country. They criticised British rule in their speeches and sent representatives to different parts of the country to mobilise public opinion. They felt that the British had respect for the ideas of freedom and justice so they would accept the just demands of Indians. All attempts by the moderates were made to make the government aware of the feeling of Indians.

Question 6.
How was Hie politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?
Answer:
The Radicals within the Congress were the ones who started raising questions about the political style of the Congress by the 1890’s. The Radicals started to explore more objectives and methods. They criticised the Moderates for their “politics of prayers” and emphasized the importance of self-reliance and constructive work. The Radicals argued that people must rely on their own strengths not on the “good” intentions of the government, people must fight for Swaraj.

Question 7.
Discuss Hie various forms that Hie Non-Cooperation Movement took in different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?
Answer:
Non-cooperation movement took place in different parts of India and in various forms. In many cases, people resisted British rule non-violently, and in either case people linked their movements to local grievances. People also took Gandhiji in different way and linked their movements to local grievances.

• In Kheda of Gujarat, Patidar Peasants organised non-violent campaigns against the high land revenue demand of the British.
• In coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu, liquor shops were picketed.
• In Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor peasants staged a number of “forest Satyagrahas”. Believing about Gandhiji that Gandhiji would get their taxes reduced and have the forest regulations abolished.
• In many forests, peasants proclaimed swaraj and believed that “Gandhi Raj” was about to be established.
• In Sind, Muslim traders and peasants were very enthusiastic about the Khilafat call.
• The Khilafat – Non-cooperation alliance gave enormous communal unity and strength to the national movement in Bengal too.
• In Punjab, the Akali agitation of the Sikh sought to remove corrupt mahants supported by the British from their gurudwaras. The movement got closely associated with Non-Cooperation movement. All the above incidents show how people thought about Gandhiji. They took Gandhiji at their Messiah as someone who could help them overcome their misery and poverty.

Question 8.
Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?
Answer:
Gandhiji choose to break salt law because as per this law the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale on salt. In view of Gandhiji along with other nationalists it was sinful to tax salt since it is such an essential item to our food. The Salt March related the general desire of freedom to a specific grievance shared by everybody and thus did not divide the rich and the poor.

Question 9.
Discuss those developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan.
Answer:
The provincial elections of 1937 seemed to have convinced the League that Muslims were a minority,
and they would always have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure. It feared that Muslims may even go rejection. The Congress’s unrepresented to the league’s desired movement in the United Provinces in 1937 also annoyed the League.

Failure of Congress in mobilising the Muslim masses in the 1930’s allowed the League to widen its social support. It sought to enlarge its support in the early 1940’s when most Congress leaders were in jail. At the end of the war in 1945, the British opened negotiation between the Congress, the League and themselves for the independence of India. The talks failed because the League saw itself as the sole spokesperson of India’s Muslims. The Congress could not accept this claim since a large member of Muslims still were in its support.

Again the elections to the provinces were held in 1946. The Congress did well in “General Constituencies” but the League’s success in the seats reserved for Muslims was spectacular. It persisted with the demand for “Pakistan”. In March 1946 the British cabinet sent a 3 member mission to Delhi to examine this demand and to suggest a suitable political framework for a free India. This mission suggested that India should remain united and constitute itself as a loose confederation with some autonomy for the Muslim-majority areas. But neither Congress nor the Muslim League agreed to the proposal. This led to inevitability of partition.

After the failure of the Cabinet Mission, the Muslim League decided on mass agitation for winning its Pakistan demand. 16th August 1946 was announced as “Direct Action Day”. On this day riots broke out in Calcutta, lasting several days and resulting in death of 1000’s of people. By the 1947 the violence spread to different parts of northern India. With numerous killings, fleeing and various untold brutalities of riots, a new country Pakistan was born. The joy of country’s Independence came up mixed with pain and violence of partition.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 11 The Making of the National Movement 1870s-1947 PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.