CBSE Class 9

India Size and Location Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 India Size and Location familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

India Size and Location Class 9 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 1

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Geography Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 1 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

India Size and Location NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Lets’s Discuss, NCERT Textbook Page 2

Question 1.
(i) Why 82°30′ E has been selected as the Standard Meridian of India?
(ii) Why is the difference between the durations of day and night hardly felt at Kanyakumari but not so in Kashmir?
Answer:
(i) 82°30′ E has been selected as the Standard Meridian of India because India has a wide east- west extent making it difficult to select the longitudes at the eastern or western ends a Standard Meridian as this would lead to serious discrepancies between the time followed and the sun’s position in the sky. To avoid such difficulty and to have a uniform time across the country 80°32′ E has been selected as the Standard Meridian as it passes through the middle of India reducing such differences.

(ii) As equator receivers direct sunlight, the duration between day and night would hardly be felt at Kanyakumari, on the other hand, Kashmir is at 37°N latitude, which means that it is 37 degrees away from the equator or it is 37 degrees away from the area which receives direct sunlight.

Lets’s Discuss, NCERT Textbook Page 4
(i) The number of Union Territories along the western and eastern coast.
(ii) Area-wise which is the smallest and which is the largest state?
(iii) The states which do not have an international border or lie on the coast.
(iv) Classify the states into four groups each having common frontiers with
(a) Pakistan
(b) China
(c) Myanmar and
(d) Bangladesh
Answer:
(i)

• Union Territories on the western coast are four in number: Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar
  Haveli, Mahe (now Puducherry) and Lakshadweep.
• Union Territories on the eastern coast of India are two in number: Pondicherry (now Puducherry) and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

(ii)

• Goa is the smallest state.
• Rajasthan is the largest state.

(iii) The states which do not have an international border or lie on the coast are: Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.

(iv)

• States having common frontiers with Pakistan are: Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
• States having common frontiers with Myanmar are: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunchal Pradesh.
• States having common frontiers with Myanmar are: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram.
• States having common frontiers with Bangladesh are: West Bengal, Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura.

Geography Class 9 Chapter 1 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Orissa (Now Odisha)
(c) Chhattisgarh
(d) Tripura
Answer:
(b) Orissa (Now Odisha)

(ii) The eastern most longitude of India is
(a) 97°25’E
(b) 68°7′ E
(c) 77°6’E
(d) 82°32’E
Answer:
(a) 97°25’E

(iii) Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim have common frontiers with
(a) China
(b) Bhutan
(c) Nepal
(d) Myanmar
Answer:
(c) Nepal

(iv) If You intend to vistit Kavarati during your summer vacations, which one of the following Union Territories of India you will be going to?
(a) Puducherry
(b) Lakshadweep
(c) Andaman & Nicobar
(d) Diu and Daman
Answer:
(b) Lakshadweep

(v) My friend hails from a country which does not share land boundary with India. Identify the country.
(a) Bhutan
(b) Tajikistan
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Nepal
Answer:
(b) Tajikistan

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) Name the group of islands lying in the Arabian Sea.
(ii) Name the countries which are larger than India.
(iii) Which island group of India lies to its south-east?
(iv) Which island countries are our southern neighbours?
Answer:
(i) Lakshadweep
(ii) Russia, Canada, USA, China, Brazil and Australia.
(iii) Andaman and Nicobar island group of India lies to its south-east.
(iv) Sri Lanka and Maldives are island countries and our southern neighbours.

Question 3.
The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunchal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west but the watches show the same time. How does this happen?
Answer:
From Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh there is a time lag of two hours. It means the sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh in the extreme east as compared to Gujarat in the extreme west. We know that the earth takes 4 minutes to rotate through 1° of longitude. So, the time taken by the earth to rotate through 15° longitude is 1 hour. Since India has a longitudinal extent of 30°, so there is a time difference of 2 hours between Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat. But the watches show the same time because they are set for all parts of the country according to he Indian Standard Time (1ST) measured at 822° longitudes.

Question 4.
The Central location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean is considered of great significance. Why?
Answer:
The central location of India at the head of the Indian ocean is considered of great significance because of the following reasons:
(i) The Trans Indian Ocean routes which connect the countries of Europe in the west and the countries of East Asia provide a strategic central location to India.

(ii) The Deccan peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean helps India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the western coast and with southwest and East Asia from the eastern coast.

(iii) No other country has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean as India has. It is India‘s eminent position in the Indian ocean which justifies the naming of an ocean after it.

Map Skills

Question 1.
Identify the following with the help of map reading.
(i) The island groups of India in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
(ii) The countries constituting Indian Subcontinent.
(iii) The states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes.
(iv) The northernmost latitude in degrees.
(v) The southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland in degrees.
(vi) The eastern and the western most longitude in degrees.
(vii) The place situated on the three seas.
(viii) The strait separating Sri Lanka from India.
(ix) The Union Territories of India.
Answer:
(i) The Andaman and Nicobar islands lie in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep islands lie in the Arabian Sea.
(ii) Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
(iii) Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
(iv) 37°6’N
(v) 8°4’N
(vi) 68°7′ E and 97°25′ E
(vii) Kanyakumari
(viii) Palk Strait
(ix) Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, Puducherry and Delhi.

Project/Activity
(i) Find out the longitudinal and latitudinal extent of your state.
(ii) Collect information about the ‘Silk Route’. Also find out the new developments, which are improving communication routes in the regions of high altitude.
Answer:
(i) Suppose my state is Uttar Pradesh. Its longitudinal and latitudinal extent are 11°A’ E to 84°39′ E and about 30°20′ N to about 23°53′ N respectively.
(ii)

• The Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that for centuries were central to cultural
  interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the east and west from China to the Mediterranean Sea.
• The Silk Route or road derives its name from the lucrative trade in Chinese silk carried out along its length, beginning during the Han dynasty.
• Trade on the Silk Route played a significant role in the development of the civilisations of China, the Indian subcontinent, Persia, Europe, the Horn of Africa and Arabia, opening the long-distance political and economic relations between the civilisations.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 India Size and Location PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Population Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Population familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Population Class 9 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 6

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Geography Chapter 6 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 6 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Population NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What could be the reasons of uneven distribution of population in India?
Answer:
The reasons of uneven distribution of population in India are:

• Topography
• Climate
• Basic facilities such as education, health, electricity, etc.
• Basic facilities such as education, health, electricity, etc.
• Employment opportunities
• Transport facilities.

Question 2.
Table 6.1 reveals that despite the decline in growth rates, the number of people being added every decade is steadily increasing. Why?

Answer:
The reason behind this is that facilities have been increased to live a comfortable life. Medical facilities have been improved. Prevention of infections diseases and application of modern medical practices in diagnosis and treatment of ailments have brought down the death rate.

India: Sex Ratio 1901-2011
Answer:
The reasons for sex ratio variations could be:
(i) Indian society is male dominant society. People in such a society prefer to have male children. They think female children as a burden and unwanted. This leads to female foeticide.

(ii) Literacy level in India is very low. Since people don’t have proper education, they start discriminat¬ing between male and female children.

Geography Class 9 Chapter 6 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the population in
(a) the area of departure
(b) the area of arrival
(c) both the area of departure and arrival
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) both the area of departure and arrival

(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) high birth rates
(b) high life expectances
(c) high death rates
(d) more married couples
Answer:
(a) high birth rates

(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to
(a) the total population of an area
(b) the number of persons added each year
(c) the rate at which the population increases
(d) the number of females per thousand males
Answer:
(a) the total population of an area

(iv) According to the census 2001, a ‘literate’ persons is one who
(a) can read and write his/her name
(b) can read and write any language
(c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) knows the 3‘R’s (readings, writing, arithmetic)
Answer:
(c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
Answer:
The rate of population growth in India is declining since 1981 as a result of greater use of birth control measures.

(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
Answer:
The major components of population growth are:

• Birth rate
• Death rate, and
• Migration

Question 3.
The difference between birth rate and death rate accounts for natural increase in population. Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries).
Answer:

Question 4.
What is the relation between occupational structure and development?
Answer:
Development is directly related to occupational structure of the population. Those countries are less developed where a higher percentage of population is engaged in primary activities which include agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, etc. As development takes place more people tend to move into secondary occupations which includes manufacturing industry, building and construction work, etc. In highly developed countries like the USA, there is a high percentage of people involved in tertiary activities such as banking, transport, communications, etc.

Question 5.
What are the advantages of having a healthy population?
Answer:
The advantages of having a healthy populations are:

• The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation.
• A healthy population plays an important role in the developmental activities of their nation.
• Absenteeism is low where people are healthy.
• Peace and prosperity prevail in the society if its inhabitants are healthy.

Question 6.
What are the significant features of the National Population Policy 2000?
Answer:
The National Population Policy 2000 provides a policy framework for:
(i) Imparting free and compulsory school education upto 14 years of age.
(ii) Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births.
(iii ) Achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine preventable diseases.
(iv) Promoting delayed marriage for girls.
(v) Making family welfare a people-centred programme.
(vi) Spreading awarness among adolescents about the risks of unprotected sex.
(vii) Making contraceptive services accessible and affordable.
(Viii) Providing food supplements, nutritional services.
(ix) Strengthening legal measures to prevent child marriage.

Project Activity

Question 1.
Conduct a class census by preparing a questionnaire. The questionnaire should contain minimum five questions. Questions should relate to students, their family members, their class performance, their health, etc. Each students is required to fill up the questionnaire. Compile the information in numerical terms (in terms of percentage). Present the information through pie-chart, bar-diagram or in any other way.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Population PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Class 9 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 5

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Geography Chapter 5 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 5 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why are the southern slopes in Himalayan region covered with thick vegetation cover as compared to northern slopes of the same hills?
Answer:
The northern slopes of the hills in the Himalayan region are at high altitude and have very low temperature or are snow covered. This does not allow much vegetation. On the other hand, in the southern slopes of the hills there are plains and valleys endowed with rivers, fertile soil and pleasant temperature. As a result, these regions have dense growth of vegetation.

Question 2.
Why have the western slopes of the Western Ghats covered with thick forests and not the eastern slopes?
Answer:
The western slopes of the Western Ghats receive much more rain than the eastern slopes and the Western Ghats are considerably wetter than the dry Deccan to the east.

Geography Class 9 Chapter 5 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra
(b) Tidal
(c) Himalayan
(d) Tropical Evergreen
Answer:
(d) Tropical Evergreen

(ii) Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than
(a) 100 cm
(b) 50 cm
(c) 70 cm
(d) less than 50 cm
Answer:
(b) 50 cm

(iii) In which of the following state is the Simlipal bio-reserve located?
(a) Punjab
(b) Delhi
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
Answer:
(c) Odisha

(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bio-reserve?
(a) Manas
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Gulf of Mannar
(d) Nanda Devi
Answer:
(a) Manas

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly:

(i) Define an ecosystem.
Answer:
All the plants and animals in an area are interdependent and inter-related to each other in their physical environment, thus forming an ecosystem. In short we can say that interrelation between plants and animals in the natural environment is called ecosystem.

(ii) What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India?
Answer:
The factors responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India are:

• Relief – It includes land and soil.
• Climate – It includes temperature, photoperiod and precipitation.

(iii) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
Answer:
Bio-reserves are the large areas where vegetation, wild life and the environment are conserved to preserve the biological diversity. There are altogether 14 bio-reserves in India. Sundarbans, Gulf of Mannar, the Nilgiris, etc. are some of them.

(iv) Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation.
Answer:

• Two animals having habitat in tropical type of vegetation are – lion and tiger.
• Two animals having habitat in montane type of vegetation are – Kashmir stag and spotted deer.

Question 3.
Distinguish between
(i) Flora and Fauna
(ii) Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests.
Answer:
(i) The plant species of particular region or period are called flora .on the other hand, the animal species of particular region or period are called fauna.

Question 4.
Name different types of Vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes.
Answer:
Different types of vegetation found in India are:

• Tropical Evergreen Forests
• Tropical Deciduous Forests
• Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
• Montane Forests
• Mangrove Forests Vegetation of high altitudes

At high altitudes, generally more than 3,600 metres above sea-level, temperate forests and grasslands give way to the Alpine vegetation. Common trees found in these forests are silver fir, junipers, pines and birches. However, they get progressively stunted as they approach the snow-line. Ultimately through shrubs and scrubs, they merge into the Alpine grasslands. These are used extensively for grazing by nomadic tribes. At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of tundra vegetation.

Question 5.
Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?
Answer:
Few species of plants and animals are endangered in India because of the following reasons:

• Increase in population
• Large scale deforestation to bring land under cultivation and habitation
• Hunting by greedy hunters for commercial purposes
• Pollution due to chemical and industrial waste, acid deposits
• Urbanisation and industrialisation.

Question 6.
Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna?
Answer:
(i) India is a diverse country with different relief features, for example, mountains, plateaus, plains, etc. Different types of vegetation are found in these regions and the vegetation give shelter to variety of wild life.

(ii) Different types of soils provide basis for different types of vegetation. The sandy soils of the desert support cactus and thorny bushes while wet, marshy, deltaic soils support mangroves and deltaic vegetation. The hill slopes with some depth of soil have conical trees.

(iii) The climate of India differs from north to south and east to west. Such climate supports a great variety of flora and fauna.

(iv) The variation in duration of sunlight at different places due to differences in latitude and altitude is also contributes to India’s flora and fauna. Due to longer sunlight, trees grow faster in summer.

(v) In India almost the entire rainfall is brought in by the advancing southwest monsoon and retreating northeast monsoons. Areas of heavy rainfall have more dense vegetation as compared to other areas of less rainfall. Needless to say that dense vegetation supports a great variety of animals.

Map Skills

On an outline map of India, label the following:
(i) Areas of Evergreen Forests
(ii) Areas of Dry deciduous Forests
(iii) Two national parks each in northern, southern, eastern and western parts of the country.

Project/Activity

(i) Find some trees in your neighbourhood having medicinal values.
(ii) Find ten occupations getting raw materials from forests and wild life.
(iii) Write a poem or paragraph showing the importance of wild life.
(iv) Write the script of a street play giving the importance of tree plantation and try to exact it in your locality.
(v) Plant a tree either on your birthday or one of your family member’s birthday. Note the growth of the tree and notice in which season it grows faster.
Answer:
(i) Some trees in my neighbourhood having medicinal values are neem, kachnar.

(ii) Ten occupations getting raw material from forests and wild life are:

• Rubber industry
• Carpentry
• Cotton textile industry
• Food production
• Hunting
• Paper industry
• Glue industry
• Leather industry
• Medicines
• Charcoal for heating

(iii) Importance of Wild life: Wild life plays an important role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of nature. Wild life serves as an abundant resource of food and livelihood. Wild life also promotes tourism industry. National parks around the world earn massive incomes every year by opening wild life observatories and creating safari parks where visitors can observe wild animals in their natural habitats.

(iv) Importance of tree plantation: Trees are of immense importance. They play a major role in enhancing the quality of environment. They modify local climate, control soil erosion, regulate stream flow, support a variety of industries, provide livelihood for many communities and offer panoramic view for recreation. They control wind force and temperature and causes rainfall. They provide humus to the soil and shelter to the wild life. Owing to these reasons tree plantation is given so much importance.

(v) Do it yourself.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Climate Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Climate Class 9 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 4

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Geography Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Climate NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why the houses in Rajasthan have thick walls and flat roofs?
Answer:
Rajasthan being a very hot place, people build houses with thick wall that are hard for heat to penetrate. Such walls also help in heat loss during the night, when Rajasthan climate suddenly becomes cold.

Question 2.
Why it is that houses in the Tarai region and in Goa and Mangalore have sloping roofs?
Answer:
The houses in the Tarai region and in Goa and Mangalore have sloping roofs because they get heavy downpour during the rainy season. Sloping roofs make it easy for the rainwater to flow off towards the ground or to a receptive until where water is collected instead of collecting on the rooftop.

Question 3.
Why houses in Assam are built in stilts?
Answer:
Assam receives heavy downpour during the rainy season. There is always a fair chance of floods. In case of floods the water might get inside the houses, if they are built above the ground level. In order to avert such a situation, people in Assam build houses on stilts.

Question 4.
Why most of the world’s deserts are located in the western margins of continents in the subtropics?
Answer:
It is because the prevailing winds in the tropics are tropical easterly winds, which become dry by the time they reach the western margins of the continents and so bring no rainfall. Thus, the region becomes dry leading to the formation of deserts.

Geography Class 9 Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Choose the correct answer from the four alternative given below:
(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?
(a) Silchar
(b) Mawsynram
(c) Cherrapunji
(d) Guwahati
Answer:
(b) Mawsynram

(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers in known as:
(a) Kaal Baisakhi
(b) Loo
(c) Trade winds
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Loo

(iii) Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in north-western part of India?
(a) Cyclonic depression
(b) Retreating monsoon
(c) Western disturbances
(d) Southwest monsoon
Answer:
(c) Western disturbances

(iv) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:
(a) Early May
(b) Early July
(c) Early June
(d) Early August
Answer:
(c) Early June

(v) Which one of the following characteristics the cold weather season in India?
(a) Warm days and warm nights
(b) Warm days and cold nights
(c) Cool days and cold nights
(d) Cold days and warm nights.
Answer:
(b) Warm days and cold nights

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly:

(i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
Answer:
There are six controls that affect the climate of India.
They are:

• Latitude
• Altitude
• Pressure and wind system
• Distance from the sea
• Ocean currents
• Relief features

(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
Answer:
It is because monsoon winds play an important role in the climate of India.

(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?
Answer:
The north-western part of India experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature. In certain places there is a wide difference between day and night temperatures. In the Thar Desert the day temperature may rise to 50°C, and drop down to near 15°C the same night. On the other hand, there is hardly any difference in day and night temperatures in the Andaman and Nicobar islands or in Kerala.

(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?
Answer:
The south-west monsoon winds accounts for rainfall along the Malabar coast.

(v) What are Jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?
Answer:
Jet streams are a narrow belt of high altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter. A number of separate jet streams have been identified. The most constant are the mid-latitude and the sub tropical jet stream. Jet streams over the India peninsula during the summer affect the monsoon.

The sub-tropical westerly jet stream blows south of the Himalayas, all through the year except in summer. The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country are brought in by this westerly flow. An easterly jet stream called the sub-tropical easterly jet steam blows over peninsular India, approximately over 14°N during the summer months. It affects the coastal regions of the country and is responsible for tropical cyclones during the monsoon as well I as in October-November.

(vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by ‘break’ in monsoon?
Answer:
Monsoons are moisture laden winds from the southwest which bring heavy rainfall to south Asia, in summer. ‘Break’ in monsoon means that the monsoon has alternate wet and dry spells. This means that the monsoon rains take place for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough.

(vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?
Answer:
The seasonal alternation of the wind systems and the associated weather conditions provide a rhythmic cycle of seasons. Monsoon rains are unevenly distributed and typically uncertain. The Indian landscape, plant and animal life, agriculture, the people and their festivities, all revolve around the monsoon. People from all over India eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon. It binds the whole country by providing water which sets all agricultural activities in motion. That is why, the monsoon is considered an unifying bond.

Question 3.
Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India?
Answer:
(i) The rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India because of the decrease in the moisture of the winds.

(ii) As the moisture bearing winds of the Bay of Bengal branch of the south-west monsoon move further and further inland, the moisture gradually decreases that affects the rainfall which is low when moving towards westwards.

(iii) States like Gujarat and Rajasthan in western India, therefore, receive scanty rainfall.

Question 4.
Give reasons as to why.
(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes places over the Indian subcontinent.
(ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
(iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
(v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.
Answer:
(i) During winter, there is a high-pressure area north of the Himalayas. Cold dry winds blow from this region to the low-pressure areas over the oceans to the south. In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over northwestern India. This causes a complete reversal of the direction of winds during summer.

(ii) Air moves from high-pressure area over the southern India an Ocean, in a south-easterly direction, crosses the equator, and turns right towards the low-pressure areas over the southwest monsoon winds. These wind blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bring widespread rainfall over the mainland of India. The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to mid-September. All the moisture is lost till then.

(iii) During the winter season, the north-west trade winds prevail over the country. These winds blow from land to sea and hence for most part of the country it is a dry season. However, some amount of rainfall occurs on the Tamil Nadu coast as these winds here blow from sea to land.

(iv) The cyclonic depressions which originate over the Andaman sea generally cross the eastern coasts of India and cause heavy rainfall. These cyclones are often very destructive. Sometimes these cyclones arrive at the coasts of Odisha, West Bengal and Bangladesh.

(v) These areas receives scantly rainfall. By the time monsoon winds reach Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats there is very little moisture left in these winds. As rainfall is scanty, these areas are drought-prone.

Question 5.
Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.
Answer:
To understand the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India, we can give the following
examples:
(i) In summer, the mercury occasionally touches 50°C in some parts of the Rajasthan desert, whereas it may be around 20°C in Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir.

(ii) On a winter night, temperature at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir may be as low as minus 45°C. Thiruvananthapuram, on the other hand, may have a temperature of 22°C.

(iii) The annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan.

(iv) Most parts of the country receive rainfall from June to September. But some parts like the Tamil Nadu coasts gets a large portion of its rain during October and November.

(v) Coastal areas experience less contrasts in temperature conditions due to the moderating influence of the sea.

Question 6.
Discuss the mechanism of monsoons.
Answer:
(i) The climate of India is described as the monsoon type.
The monsoons are not steady winds but are pulsating in nature, affected by different atmospheric conditions encountered by it, on its way over the warm tropical seas. The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to mid-September.

(ii) The monsoon arrives at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula generally by the first week of June. Subsequently, it proceeds into two the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.

(iii) The Arabian Sea branch reaches Mumbai about ten days later on approximately the 10th of June. This is fairly rapid advance. The Bay of Bengal branch also advances rapidly and arrives in Assam in the first week of June. The lofty mountains causes the monsoon winds to deflect towards the west over the Ganga plains.

(iv) By mid-June the Arabian sea branch of the monsoon arrives over Saurashtra-Kuchchh and the central part of the country.

(v) The Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal branches of the monsoon merge over the northwestern part of the Ganga plains and cause rainfall. By mid-July, the monsoon reaches Himachal Pradesh and the rest of the country.

(vi) The withdrawal of the monsoon begins in north-western states of India by early September. By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula. The withdrawal from the southern half of the peninsula is fairly rapid. By early December, the monsoon has withdrawn from the rest of the country.

Question 7.
Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.
Answer:
The cold season is one of the four main seasons in India. The weather conditions and characteristics of this season are given below:
(i) If begins from mid-November in northern India and stays till February. December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India.

(ii) The temperature decreases from south to the north. Days are warm and nights are cold. Frost is common in the north and higher slopes of the Himalayas experience snowfall.

(iii) During this season, the northwest trade winds prevail over the country. They blow from land to sea and therefore, for most part of the country, it is a dry season.

(iv) In the northern part of the country, a weak high-pressure region develops, with light winds moving outwards from this area. Influenced by the relief, these winds blow through the Ganga valley from the west and the northwest. The weather is normally marked by clear sky, low temperatures and low humidity and weak, variable winds.

(v) A characteristic feature of the cold weather season over the northern plains is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest. These low-pressure systems, originate over the Mediterranean Sea and western Asia and move into India, along with the westerly flow. They cause winter rains over the plains and snowfall in the mountains. These rains are of immense importance for the cultivation of rabi crops.

Question 8.
Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.
Answer:
The characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India are:
(i) The inflow of the south-west monsoon into India bring about a total change in the weather. Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250 cm.

(ii) The Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receive some amount of rain in spite of lying in the rain shadow area.

(iii) The maximum rainfall of this season is received in the north-eastern part of the country. Rainfall in the Ganga valley decreases from the east to the west. Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat got little rainfall.

(iv) An important phenomenon of the monsoon is its tendency to have ‘breaks’ in rainfall. Thus, it has wet and dry spells. It means, the monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals.

(v) The breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough. For various reasons, the trough and its axis keep on moving northward or southward, which determines the spatial distribution of rainfall.

(vi) When the axis of the monsoon trough lies over the plains, rainfall is good in these parts. On the other hand, whenever the axis shifts closer to the Himalayas, there are longer dry spells in the plains, and widespread rain occur in the mountainous catchment areas of the Himalayan rivers. These heavy rains bring devastating floods causing damage to life and property in the plains.

(vii) The monsoon is known for its uncertainties. While it causes heavy floods in one part, it may be responsible for droughts in the other. It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat causing a lot of problems to the farmers.

Map Skills

On an outline map of India, show the following:
(i) Areas receiving rainfall over 400 cm.
(ii) Areas receiving less than 20 cm of rainfall.
(iii) The direction of the south-west monsoon over India.

Project/Activity

1. (i) Find out which songs, dances, festivals and special food preparations are associated
with certain seasons in your region. Do they have some commonality with other regions of India?
(ii) Collect photographs of typical rural houses and clothing of people from different regions of India. Examine whether they reflect any relationship with the climatic conditions and relief of the area.
Answer:
For self-attempt

In Table-I the average mean monthly temperatures and amounts of rainfall of ten representative stations have been given. It is for you to study on your own and convert them into ‘temperature and rainfall’ graphs. A glance at these visual representations will help you to grasp instantly the similarities and differences between them. One such graph given below is already prepared for you. See if you can arrive at some broad generalisations about our diverse climatic conditions. We hope you are in for a great joy of learning. Do the following activities.

Map Skills
On an outline map of India, show the following:
(i) Areas receiving rainfall over 400 cm.
(ii) Areas receiving less than 20 cm of rainfall.
(iii) The direction of the south-west monsoon over India.

Project/Activity
Question 1.
(i) Find out which songs, dances, festivals and special food preparations are associated
with certain seasons in your region. Do they have some commonality with other regions of India?
(ii) Collect photographs of typical rural houses and clothing of people from different regions of India. Examine whether they reflect any relationship with the climatic conditions and relief of the area.
Answer:
For self-attempt

1. In Table-I the average mean monthly temperatures and amounts of rainfall of ten representative stations have been given. It is for you to study on your own and convert them into ‘temperature and rainfall’ graphs. A glance at these visual representations will help you to grasp instantly the similarities and differences between them. One such graph given below is already prepared for you. See if you can arrive at some broad generalisations about our diverse climatic conditions. We hope you are in for a great joy of learning. Do the following activities.

Question 2.
(i) According to their distance from the equator.
(ii) According to their altitude above mean sea-level.
Answer:
(i) Ten stations according to their distance from the equator:
Thiruvananthapuram (nearest)

• Bengaluru
• Mumbai
• Nagpur
• Kolkata
•  Shillong
• Jodhpur
• Delhi
• Leh (farthest)

(ii) Ten stations according to their altitude above mean-sea-level

• Thiruvananthapuram (nearest)
• Chennai
• Delhi
• Nagpur
• Shillong
• Kolkata (lowest)
• Mumbai
• Jodhpur
• Bengaluru
• Leh (highest)

Question 3.
(i) Name two rainiest stations.
(ii) Name two driest stations.
(iii) Two stations with most equable climate.
(iv) Two stations with most extreme climate.
(v) Two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons.
(vi) Two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons.
(vii) Two stations influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons (viii) Two stations influenced by retreating and north-east monsoons.
(ix) Two stations receiving winter showers from the western disturbances.
(x) The two hottest stations in the months of
(a) February (b) April (c) May (d) June

Answer:
(i) Shillong and Mumbai
(ii) Leh and Jodhpur
(iii) Bengaluru and Thiruvananthapuram
(iv) Leh and Jodhphur
(v) Thiruvananthapuram and Mumbai
(vi) Shillong and Kolkata
(vii) Delhi and Kolkata
(viii) Chennai and Bengaluru
(ix) Jodhpur and Delhi
(x) The two hottest stations in the months of

• February — Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram
• April — Nagpur and Kolkata
• May — Nagpur and Jodhpur
• June — Jodhpur and Delhi

Question 4.
Now find out
(i) Why are Tiruvanantapuram and Shillong rainier in June than in July?
(ii) Why is July rainier in Mumbai than in Tiruvanantapuram?
(iii) Why are southwest monsoons less rainy in Chennai?
(iv) Why is Shillong rainier than Kolkata?
(v) Why is Kolkata rainier in July than in June unlike Shillong which is rainier in June than in July?
(vi) Why does Delhi receive more rain than Jodhpur?
Answer:
(i) They are rainier in June than in July because the monsoon’s arrival occurs in both these regions in June and the first monsoon rains here are very intense.

(ii) It is because the south-west monsoon reaches Mumbai earlier than Thiruvananthapuram.

(iii) It is because Chennai falls in the rain shadow area of the south-west monsoons.

(iv) Shillong is in a hilly area and hills trap the monsoon winds which cause rainfall in that area. So, it becomes rainier than Kolkata.

(v) The monsoon reaches Shillong earlier than Kolkata and the initial impact is heavier than the later showers. So, Shillong is rainier in June than in July while Kolkata is rainier in July than in June.

(vi) We know that the amount of rainfall decreases from east to west in the northern India. Since Delhi is situated east to Jodhpur, so it receives more rain.

Question 5.
Now think why
(a) Tiruvanantapuram has equable climate?
(b) Chennai has more rains only after the fury of monsoon is over in most parts of the country?
(c) Jodhpur has a hot desert type of climate?
(d) Leh has moderate precipitation almost throughut the year?
(e) while in Delhi and Jodhpur most of the rain is confined to nearly three months, in Tiruvanantapuram and Shillong it is almost nine months of the year?
In spite of these facts see carefully if there are strong evidences to conclude that the monsoons still provide a very strong framework lending overall climatic unity to the whole country.
Answer:
(a) Thiruvananthapuram has equable climate because

• lies on the sea coast, and
• it is near to the equator, where all seasons have similar temperatures.

(b) It happens because of retreating monsoon.

(c) Jodhpur is located in the north-western part of India which is a desert. So it has a hot desert type of climate.

(d) Leh is the cold desert and is a valley in-between two mountain ranges. No monsoon winds are able to reach it. That is why, it has moderate precipitation almost throughout the year.

(e) Thiruvananthapuram is on the sea coast and so it receives rainfall from both the southwest and north east monsoons, besides receiving rainfall due to local disturbances which pick up moisture from the sea. Shillong is a hilly region and so receives rain from the monsoon as well as from local disturbances which are trapped by hills.

The monsoon is known for its uncertainties. Nevertheless, its unifying influence on the Indian subcontinent is quite understandable. The Indian landscape, its animal and plant life, its entire agricultural calendar and the life of the people, including their festivities, revolve around the monsoon. Year after year, people of India from north to south and from east to west, eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon. These monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water to set the agricultural activities in motion. The river valleys which carries this water also unite as a single river valley unit.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Drainage Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Drainage familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Drainage Class 9 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 3

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Geography Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Drainage NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Lets’s Discuss, NCERT Textbook Page 17

Question 1.
Which river has the largest basin in India?
Answer:
Ganga river has the largest basin in India.

Lets’s Discuss, NCERT Textbook Page 22

Question 1.
The name of the biggest waterfall in India.
Answer:
The Kunchikal Falls in Karnataka is the biggest waterfall in India.

Geography Class 9 Chapter 3 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) Which one of the following describes the drainage patterns resembling the branches of a tree?
(a) Radial
(b) Dendrite
(c) Centrifugal
(d) Trellis
Answer:
(b) Dendrite

(ii) In which of the following states is the Wular lake located?
(a) Rajasthan
(b)Uttar Pradesh
(c) Punjab
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer:
(d) Jammu and Kashmir

(iii) The river Narmada has its source at ………….
(a) Satpura
(b) Bhagirathi
(c) Amarkantak
(d) slopes of the Western Ghats
Answer:
(c) Amarkantak

(iv) Which one of the following lakes is a salt water lake?
(a) Sambhar
(b) Dal
(c) Wular
(d) Gobind Sagar
Answer:
(a) Sambhar

(v) Which one of the following is the longest river of the Peninsular India?
(a) Narmada
(b) Krishna
(c) Godavari
(d) Mahanadi
Answer:
(c) Godavari

(vi) Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift valley?
(a) Mahanadi
(b) Tungabhadra
(c) Krishna
(d) Tapi
Answer:
(d) Tapi

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.
(ii) Which is the largest river basin in India?
(iii) Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?
(iv) Name the two headstreams of the Ganga. Where do they meet to form the Ganga?
(v) Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?
(vi) Which two peninsular rivers flow through trough?
(vii) State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.
Answer:
(i) Any mountain or an upland separating two adjoining drainage basins is known as water divide. An example of water divide is the Western Ghats.

(ii) The Ganga river basin is the largest one in India.

(iii) The Indus river has its origin in Tibet near lake Mansarovar while the Ganga river has its origin Gangotri glacier in Uttarakhand.

(iv) Alaknanda and Bhagirathi are the two headwaters of the Ganga. They meet at Devprayag to form the Ganga.

(v) The Brahmaputra, which is known as the Tsang Po in Tibet, carries a smaller volume of water and less silt as it is a cold and a dry area.

(vi) The Narmada and the Tapi flow through trough.

(vii) Rivers are important for agricultural purpose and generating hydro-electricity. They help develop tourism and provide recreation.
Lakes help to regulate the flow of rivers. They prevent flooding during heavy rainfall. They moderate the climate of the surrounding, maintain the aquatic ecosystem and enhance natural beauty. They also help to maintain an even flow of water.

Question 3.
Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group them under two categories natural and created by human beings.

Answer:

Question 4.
Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the peninsular rivers.
Answer:
Some of the significant difference between the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers are given below:

Question 5.
Compare the east flowing and west flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau.

Question 6.
Why are rivers important for the country’s economy?
Answer:

• Rivers are of utmost importance for the country’s economy. Their water is used for irrigation without which farming is almost impossible.
• Rivers boost-trade and commerce by helping in the easy transport of goods.
• River water is used for navigation and transport. Without rivers commercial activities will come to standstill.
• Rivers main aquatic ecosystem, enhance natural beauty, help develop tourism and provide recreation.
• Many of the multi-purpose projects in India have been built on rivers.
•  Rivers are a major source of fish which provide livelihood to a big section of the population.

Map Skill
Question 1.
On an outline map of India mark and label the following rivers: Ganga, Satluj, Damodar, Krishna, Narmda, Tapi, Mahanadi and Brahmaputra.
Answer:

Question 2.
On an outline map of India mark and label the following lakes : Chilika, Sambhar, Wular, Pulicat, Kolleru.
Answer:

Project/Activity

Question 1.
Solve this crossword puzzle with the help of given clues.
Across
1. Nagarjuna Sagar is a river valley project. Name the river.
2. The longest river of India.
3. The river which originates from a place known as Beas Kund.
4. The rivers which rises in the Betul district of MP and flows westwards.
5. The river which was known as the ‘Sorrow’ of West Bengal.
6. The river on which the reservoir for Indira Gandhi Canal has been built.
7. The river whose source lies near Rohtang Pass.
8. The longest river of Peninsular India?

Down
9. A tributary of Indus originating from Himachal Pradesh.
10. The river flowing through fault, drains into the Arabian Sea.
11. A river of south India, which receives rainwater both in summer and winter.
12. A river which flows through Ladakh, Gilgit and Pakistan.
13. An important river of the Indian desert.
14. The river which joins Chenab in Pakistan.
15. A river which rises at Yamunotri glacier.

Across
1. Krishna
2. Ganga
3. Beas
4. Tapi
5. Damodar
6. Satluj
7. Ravi
8. Godavari
Down
9. Chenab
10. Narmada
11. Kaveri
12. Indus
13. Luni
14. Jhelum
15. Yamuna

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Drainage PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Physical Features of India Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Physical Features of India Class 9 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 2

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Geography Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Physical Features of India NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Find out Textbook Page 11

Question 1.
The names of the glaciers and passes that lie in Great Himalayas.
Answer:

• Glaciers in the Great Himalayas: Gangotri, Chaturangi, Bhagirathi, Satopanth, Kamet, Milam and Pindari.
• Passes in the Great Himalayas: Karakoram pass, Shipkila pass, Nathula, Bumdila pass.

Question 2.
The name of the states where highest peaks are located.
Answer:
Mountain peaks States

•  Kanchenjunga Sikkim
• Nanga Parbat Jammu and Kashmir
• Nanda Devi Uttarakhand
• Kamet Uttarakhand
• Namcha Barwa Assam

Question 3.
Location of Mussoorie, Nainital, Ranikhet from your atlas and also name the state where they are located.
Answer:
Mussoorie, Nainital and Ranikhet are located in Himachal Pradesh.

Geography Class 9 Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as
(a) Coast
(b) Island
(c) Peninsula
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Peninsula

(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectively called as
(a) Himachal
(b) Uttarakhand
(c) Purvachal
(cl) none of the above
Answer:
(c) Purvachal

(iii) The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as;
(a) Coromandel
(b) Konkan
(c) Kannad
(d) Northern Circar
Answer:
(c) Kannad

(iv) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is
(a) Anai Mudi
(b) Kanchenjunga
(c) Mahendragiri
(d) Khasi
Answer:
(c) Mahendragiri

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What are tectonic plates?
(ii) Which continents of today were part of the Gondwana land?
(iii) What is the bhabarl
(iv) Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.
(v) Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges?
(vi) Name the island group of India having coral origin.
Answer:
(i) Large fragments of the Earth’s crust torn due to the rising currents are called tectonic plates.

(ii) South America, South Africa, part of Asia (India, Arabia, Malaya), Australia and Antarctica continents were parts of the Gondwana land.

(iii) The bhabar is that narrow belt of the plain which is covered with pebbles and lies along the foothills of the Shivaliks from the Indus to the Teesta.
(iv)

• The Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri.
• The Himachal or lesser Himalayas.
•  The outer Himalayas or the Shivaliks.

(v) The Malwa Plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges.

(vi) The Lakshadweep island group of India having coral origin.

Question 3.
Distinguish between
(i) Converging and Diverging tectonic plates
(ii) Bhangar and Khadar
(iii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
Answer:
(i) Converging and Diverging tectonic plates

(ii) Bhangar and Khadar

(iii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats

Question 4.
Describe how the Himalayas were formed.
Answer:
(i) According to the theory of plate tectonics, the Earth’s crust was initially a single, huge super-continent called Pangea. Its northern part was the Angara land and the southern part was the Gondwana land.

(ii) The convectional currents split the crust into a number of pieces, thus leading to the drifting of the Indo-Australian plate after being separated from the Gondwana land, towards north.

(iii) The northward drift resulted in the collision of the plate with the much larger Eurasian plate. Due to this collision, the sedimentary rocks which were accumulated in the geosyncline known as the Tythes were folded to form the mountain system of western Asia and Himalaya.

Question 5.
Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau.
Answer:
The major physiographic divisions of India are:

• The Himalayan Mountains
  The Northern Plains
• The Peninsular Plateau
• The Indian Desert
• The Coastal Plains
• The Islands

Contrast between the relief of the Himalayan region and the Peninsular plateau:

Question 6.
Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.
Answer:
(i) The northern plains have been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries.

(ii) These plains are formed of alluvial soil, which make these plains very fertile. With a rich soil cover combined with adequate water supply and favorable climate. It is agriculturally a very productive region of India. These features have attracted a huge population.

(iii) Between the mouths of the Indus and the Ganga-Brahmaputra, the Northern Indian Plain spreads over an area of 7 lakh square km. The plain is about 2400 km long and 240 to 320 km broad.

(iv) The Northern Plains have the Indus river system in the west and the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system in the east. The first includes Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj. The Indus flows into the Arabian Sea. The second includes Ganga, its tributaries and the Brahmaputra which combine as Meghna as they drain into the bay of Bengal. They form the world’s largest and fastest growing delta.

(v) According to the variations in relief features, the Northern Plains are divided into four regions – bhabar, terai, bhangar and khadar. All the streams disappear in the bhabar belt. South to this belt the streams and rivers re-emerge and create a wet, swampy and marshy region called terai. Bhangar is old alluvial soil whereas khadar is newer, younger deposits of the flood plains.

Question 7.
Write short notes on the following:
(i) The Indian Desert
(ii) Central Highlands
(iii) The Islands groups of India
Answer:
(i) The Indian Desert: It lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills. It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. This region receives very poor rainfall below 150 mm per year. It has dry climate with low vegetation cover. Streams appear only during the rainy season. Luni is the only large river in this region. Sand dunes are a common feature of the desert area.

(ii) The Central Highlands: The peninsular plateau consists of two broad divisions—the Central Highlands and the Deccan plateau. The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river covering a major area of the Malwa plateau is called the Central Highlands. The Vindhyan range is bounded by the Central Highlands on the south and the Aravali range on the northwest. The flow of the rivers draining this region, namely the Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa and Ken is from southwest to northeast, thus indicating the slope. The Central Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east. The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as the Bundelkhand. The Chotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension, drained by the Damodar river.

(iii) The Island groups of India
India has two groups of islands:

• The Lakshadweep Islands group
• The Andaman and Nicobar Islands group

The Lakshadweep Islands group lie close to the Malabar coast of Kerala. This group of islands is composed of small coral islands. It covers small area of 32 sq km. Kavaratti island is its capital. This island group has great diversity of flora and fauna.

The Andaman and Nicobar islands group is an elongated chain of islands located in the Bay of Bengal extending from north to south. The entire groups of islands is divided into two broad categories—The Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south. These islands group is of great strategic importance for the country. A huge diversity of flora and fauna is found here. These islands lie close to equator and experience equatorial climate and has thick forest cover.

Map Skill
On an outline map of India show the following:
(i) Mountain and hill ranges—the Karakoram, the Zaskar, the Patkai Bum, the Jaintia, the Vindhya range, the Aravali, and the Cardamom hills.
(ii) Peaks—K₂ Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat and the Anai Mudi.
(iii) Plateaus—Chotanagpur and Malwa.
(iv) The Indian desert, Western Ghats, Lakshadweep Islands.


Project/Activity
Locate the peaks, passes, ranges, plateaus, hills and duns hidden in the puzzle. Try to find where these features are located. You may start your search horizontally, vertically or diagonally.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.