Author name: Prasanna

On Equality Class 7 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

On Equality Class 7 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 1

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 7 SST Civics Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 7 Civics Chapter 1 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 7 Civics Chapter 1 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In a democracy why is universal adult franchise important?
Answer:
In a democracy universal adult franchise is important because it gives right to every adult to cast his/ her vote as per his/her choice. Secondly, the vote of each citizen has equal value. Thus, the entire adult citizen becomes part of democracy irrespective of castes, religion, financial background, gender.

Question 2.
Re-read the box on Article 15 and state two ways in which this Article addresses inequality?
Answer:
To addresses inequality, it has been provisioned in the Article 15 of the Indian Constitution that:
(а) The state shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(b) Access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment or the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.

Question 3.
In what ways was Omprakash Valmiki’s experience similar to that of the Ansaris?
Answer:
Omprakash Valmiki and Mr Ansari experience similar discrimination. Omprakash Valmiki was discriminated on the ground of caste while Mr Ansari on the ground of religion. Omprakash Valmiki had to sit away from the other students in the class and that too on the floor. Sometimes he was beaten without any reason and he was given work to sweep the school and the playground.

Similarly, Mrs and Mr Ansari who were looking to rent an apartment in the city, no one was ready to give them place on rent. The reason was that he was Muslim. Finally, the property dealer told them that they might want to change their names. Thus, Omparaksh Valmiki and Mr. Ansari faced similar experience of discrimination.

Question 4.
What do you understand by the term “all persons are equal before the law”? Why do you think it is important in a democracy?
Answer:
“All persons are equal before the law” is important in a democracy because every person, from the President of the country to Kanta, a domestic worker, has to obey the laws. Secondly, it also provided that no person can be discriminated against on the basis of his religion, race, caste, place of birth or whether they are female or male. Thirdly, every person has equal right to access to the public places.

Question 5.
The Government of India passed the Disabilities Act in 1995. This law states that persons with disabilities have equal rights, and that the government should make possible their full participation in society. The government has to provide free education and integrate children with disabilities into mainstream schools. This law also states that all public places including buildings, schools, etc., should be accessible and provided with ramps.

Look at the photograph and think about the boy who is being carried down the stairs. Do you think the above law is being implemented in his case? What needs to be done to make the building more accessible for him? How would his being carried down the stairs affect his dignity as well as his safety.
Answer:
(i) No, the Disabilities Act, 1995 is not being implemented in his case.
(ii) To make the public building more accessible for disabled persons, the building authority’s required to make the ramp so that disabled persons could use it for getting up and getting down.
(iii) He is being carried down by Security Guards through stairs. It is very clear to see the photo that this building has no ramp. The boy’s dignity is ignored here. He could feel inferior and guilty that he has to take the support for his daily life. The way of carrying down by the Security Guards is also very dangerous, a little mistake or slip may harm the boy as well as Security Guards.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Understanding Secularism Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Understanding Secularism Class 8 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 2

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Civics Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Civics Class 8 Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List the different types of religious practice that you find in your neighbourhood. This could be different forms of prayer, worship of different gods, sacred sites, different kinds of religious music and singing, etc. Does this indicate freedom of religious practice?
Answer:
There are different types of religious practices we find in our neighbourhood as we find different types of religions in our Indian society such as Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Parsis, Christians, etc. They all have their own beliefs and rituals and are free to offer prayers in their own way. The religious practices are in form of celebration like, Holi, Diwali, Hymsis bhajan, Ramayan, Gita, Id, Muharram, Christmas, Guru Gobind Singh Jayati, etc. These are some examples that show different types of religious practices.

• Yes, it indicates Freedom of Religious practices.

Question 2.
Will the government intervene if some religious group says that their religion allows them to practise infanticide? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Yes, the government will definitely intervene if some religious group says that their religion allow them to practise infanticide because the term infanticide is against the right to life. As infanticide means intentional killing of infants and the’s is unacceptable, Therefore, the government in this case, will interfere by coercion.

Answer:

Question 4.
Look up the annual calendar of holidays of your school. How many of them pertain to different religions? What does this indicate?
Answer:
The annual calender of holidays of our school pertains to several different religions for eg. Makar Sankranti, Ravidass Jayanti, Shivaratri, Id ul zuha, Good Friday, Muhharram, Buddha Purnima, Christmas, Holi, Diwali, etc. This indicates that Indian Secularism where religious freedom has been granted to its citizens and all citizens and all religions are equally respected.

Question 5.
Find out some examples of different views within the same religion.
Answer:
Examples of different views within same religion.

• Muslims divided into Shia and Sunnis.
• Buddhism divided into Hinayana and Mahayana.
• In Jainism there are two divisions — Shwetambara and Digambara.

Question 6.
The Indian State both keeps away from religion as well as intervenes in religion. This idea can be quite confusing. Discuss this once again in class using examples from the chapter as well as those that you might have come up with.
Answer:

• The Indian State distances itself from the religion as it is not ruled by a religious group nor by any one religion.
• It does not support any religion.
• Sometimes the State interference may be seen keeping in mind that there exists equality or not.
• States, sometimes also intervenes in the religion based on persons laws of the communities and this is to ensure that laws relating to equal inheritance are protected.

Question 7.
This poster alongside highlights the need for ‘Peace’. It says, “Peace is a never-ending process…. It cannot ignore our differences or overlook our common interests.” Write in your own words what you think the above sentences are trying to convey? Hov aes it e to the need for religious tolerance?
Answer:
The sentence “Peace is a never ending process. It cannot ignore our differences or overlook our common interests ‘conveys a message that all the people should live together with peace irrespective of their communities. It is very important that each religion should respect the other. One should work in minimizing the differences of religious communities and work together at every moment.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers

(Page No.-20)
Question 1.
Discuss in class: Can there be different views within the same religion?
Answer:
Yes, there can be different views within the same religions for eg in Jainism there are sects divided which believe in different ideologies.

(Page No.-22)

Question 2.
In the above storyboard, discuss the answer given by the teacher.
Answer:
According to the teacher the government schools cannot promote any religion and cannot celebrate any religious festival are public holidays so that we can celebrate these at home.

(Page No.-23)

Question 3.
Government schools often have students from different religious backgrounds. Re-read the three objectives of a secular State and write two sentences on why it is important that government schools do not promote any one religion?
Answer:
It is believed that Indian States work in various ways to prevent the religious domination by using the strategy of distancing, itself from religion. Indian State is not ruled by a religious group and nor does it support any one religion.

• Indian government schools are not supposed to display or promote any one religion.
• Government schools cannot give importance to any one religion and festivals are celebrated in school premises.

(Page No.-25)

Question 4.
Can you think of a recent incident, from any part of India, in which the secular ideals of the Constitution w . violated and persons were persecuted and killed because of their religious backgrounds?
Answer:
In Godhra incident of 2002 in Gujarat the secular ideas of the Constitution were violated and persons were persecuted and killed because of their religious background.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Questions and Answers History Chapter 10

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 7 SST History Chapter 10 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 7 History Chapter 10 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 7 History Chapter 10 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Match the following.

Answer:
1. (c)
2. (e)
3. (a)
4. (f)
5. (g)
6. (d)
7. (b)

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks.
(a) Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the _________.
(b) Umara and jagirdars constituted powerful sections of the Mughal _______.
(c) Asaf Jah founded the Hyderabad state in _________.
(d) The founder of the Awadh state was _________.
Answer:
(a) Deccan
(b) administration
(c) 1724
(d) Sa’adat Khan

Question 3.
State whether true or false.
(a) Nadir Shah invaded Bengal.
(b) Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore.
(c) Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
(d) Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True

Question 4.
What were the offices held by Sa’adat Khan?
Answer:
Sa’adat Khan held the combined offices of subadari, diwani and faujdari.

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
Why did the Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal try to do away with the jagirdari system?
Answer:
The Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal try to do away with the jagirdari system because they wanted to decrease Mughal influence in their respective provinces.

Question 6.
How were the Sikhs organized in the eighteenth century?
Answer:

1. In the 18th century, the Sikhs organized themselves into a number of bands called jathas and later on misls;
2. Their forces were combined and called as the ‘dal Khalsa’ (grand army);
3. They held meetings at Amritsar during Baisakhi and Diwali to take decisions which were called ‘resolutions of the guru’;
4. Offering protection to cultivation on the payment of tax of 20% of produce called ‘Rakhi’.

Question 7.
Why did the Marathas want to expand beyond the Deccan?
Answer:
The Marathas wanted to expand beyond the Deccan to get enormous resources and to decrease the Mughal’s influence.

Question 8.
What were the policies adopted by Asaf Jah to strengthen his position?
Answer:
Asaf Jah, after becoming the actual ruler of the Deccan began to adopt some policies in order to strengthen his position. He appointed skilled soldiers and administrators from northern India and also mansabdars by granting them jagirs.

Question 9.
Do you think merchants and bankers today have the kind of influence they had in the eighteenth century?
Answer:
No, the merchants and bankers today do not have the kind to influence which they had in 18th century.

Question 10.
Did any of the kingdoms mentioned in this chapter develop in your state? If so, in what ways do you think life in the state would have been different in the eighteenth century from what it is in the twenty-first century?
Answer:
Students discuss with the teacher and write the answer.

Let’s Do

Question 11.
Fin out more about the architecture and culture associated with the new courts of any of the following Awadh, Bengal or Hyderabad.
Answer:
Students discuss with the teacher and write the answer.

Question 12.
Collect popular tales about-rulers from any one of the following groups of people: the Rajputs, Jats, Sikhs or Marathas.
Answer:
Students discuss with the teacher and write the answer.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

The Making of Regional Cultures Class 7 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

The Making of Regional Cultures Class 7 Questions and Answers History Chapter 9

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 7 SST History Chapter 9 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 7 History Chapter 9 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Class 7 History Chapter 9 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:
1. (c)
2. (e)
3. (f)
4. (a)
5. (b)
6. (d)

Question 2.
What is Manipravalam? Name a book written in that language.
Answer:
Manipravalam is a language spoken in Kerala. The book Lilatilakam is written in Manipravalam language.

Question 3.
Who were the major patrons of Kathak?
Answer:
The Mughals and Nawab Wajid Ali Shah were the major patrons of Kathak.

Question 4.
What are the important architectural features of the temples of Bengal?
Answer:
The important architectural features of the temples of Bengal were:

1. Bricks and terracotta were used;
2. Usually built on a square platform;
3. Local deities were worshipped;
4. Later the double-roofed or four-roofed structure of thatched huts were copied;
5. ‘Bangla dome’ (a tower) was built over the roof;
6. The outer walls of temples were decorated with paintings, ornamental tiles or terracotta tablets while the interior was relatively plain etc.

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
Why did minstrels proclaim the achievements of heroes?
Answer:
The stories of Rajput heroes were recorded which were recited by trained ministrels in the forms of poems and songs. By reciting such poems and songs, these minstrels inspired others to follow the examples of Rajputs and these were expected to inspire others to follow the same.

Question 6.
Why do we know much more about the cultural practices of rulers than about those of ordinary people?
Answer:
We know much more about the cultural practices of rulers because their works have been safely preserved in palaces for centuries. Whereas, the work of ordinary people rarely survived.

Question 7.
Why did conquerors try to control the temple of Jagannatha at Puri?
Answer:
The temples of Jagannatha at Puri gained importance as a centre of pilgrimage. These temples had huge social and political matters. The kings made their rule acceptable to the local people. Therefore, conquerors controlled over the temple.

Question 8.
Why were temples built in Bengal?
Answer:
Temples were built in Bengal because:

1. Individuals or groups built temples to demonstrate their power and influence;
2. Groups made the temples to show their status;
3. Social groups availed the new economic opportunities with the arrival of the European trading companies;
4. The local deities gained recognition etc.

Let’s Do

Question 9.
Describe the most important features of the culture of your region, focusing on buildings, performing arts and painting.
Answer:
Students discuss with the teacher and can write the answer.

Question 10.
Do you use different languages for (a) speaking, (b) reading, (c) writing? Find out about one major composition in language that you use and discuss why you find it interesting.
Answer:
Students discuss with the teacher and write the answer.
Hints: Suppose, presently you live in Delhi but your mother tongue is Malayalam or Punjabi, your answer will be:
(a) Speaking languages may be Hindi, Malayalam or Punjabi.
(b) Reading languages may be English or Hindi.
(c) Writing languages may be English, Hindi, Malayalam or Punjabi.

Question 11.
Choose one state each from north, west, south, east and central India. For each of these, prepare a list of foods that are commonly consumed, highlighting any differences and similarities that you notice.
Answer:

As can be seen in the table that Dal, Rice, Chapatis are commonly consumed in all parts of the country while in sweet dishes Jalebi is almost in all the parts of country. The dishes made of fish are very much used in West Bengal. Whereas, the food items which are made in Tamil Nadu, the rice is used plentifully.

Question 12.
Choose another set of five states from each of these regions and prepare a list of clothes that are generally worn by women and men in each. Discuss you findings.
Answer:
Students discuss with the teacher and write the answer.
Hints:

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 1

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST Civics Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

Civics Class 8 Chapter 1 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why does a democratic country need a Constitution?
Answer:
There are several reasons that explain why a democratic country needs a Constitution. Some are mentioned below:

• The Constitution lays out important guidelines that govern decisions making within the various societies of the country. The Constitution defines the nature of a country’s political system.
• It even lays down the ideals that form the basis of the kind of country that the citizens aspire to live in.
• The Constitution in the democracy even lays down the rules that guard against the misuse of authority by the political leaders.
• The Constitution helps its citizens by protecting against the decisions that adversely affect on the larger principles that the country believes in.

Question 2.
Look at the wordings of the two documents given below. The first column is from the 1990 Nepal Constitution. The second column is from the more recent Interim Constitution of Nepal.

What is the difference in who exercises ‘Executive Power’ in the above two Constitutions of Nepal? Keeping this in mind, why do you think Nepal needs a new Constitution today?
Answer:
The difference is that in 1990 Constitution of Nepal, the power had been vested in the hands of the king of Nepal and the Council of the Ministers.

• Nepal needed a new Constitution because Nepal needed to establish democracy within the country. And the older Constitution was executed with the power of monarch and the old Constitution did not reflect even the ideal of the country the Nepal people wanted and for what they fought a long time for.

Question 3.
What would happen if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives?
Answer:
In democracy we choose our leaders so they can exercise power with responsibility on our behalf, And if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives then there was possibility that these leaders might misuse their authority. So, the restrictions safeguard against the misuse of powers by any of the elected representatives.

Question 4.
In each of the following situations, identify the minority. Write one reason why you think it is important to respect the views of the minority in each of these situations.
(a) In a school with 30 teachers, 20 of them are male.
(b) In a city, 5 per cent of the population are Buddhists.
(c) In a factory mess for all employees, 80 per cent are vegetarians.
(d) In a class of 50 students, 40 belong to more well-off families.
Answer:
(a) Female teachers are in minority. Minority of female teachers can lead to over dominance of male teachers over the authority that could lead to creation of a male preferrable administration. Voice of the females will not be raised at maximum times and if raised they will be left unheard. So it is important that the opinions and efforts of the female teachers are not be obstructed for their minority status.

(b) In this case Buddhist are in minority. And as according to the right to profess any religion of our choice the religion followed by any citizen must be respected equally.

(c) Non-vegetarians are in minorities as they are only 20%. As the food choice depends on person to person therefore there should be freedom on what to eat or not without any obstructions.

(d) Students of poor families would be called minorities while students of well-off families are in majority. It is wrong to discriminate anyone on the basis of economic status.

Question 5.
The column on the left lists some of the key features of the Indian Constitution. In the other column write two sentences, in your own words, on why you think this feature is important:

Answer:

Question 6.
Colour in the following countries in this map:
(a) Colour India in red.
(b) Colour Nepal in green.
(c) Colour Bangladesh in yellow.
Answer:
Do it by yourself

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers

(Page No. 6)
Question 1.
Discuss with your teacher what you understand by the term ‘constitutive’. Provide one example of ‘constitutive rules’ from your everyday life.
Answer:
The term constitutive means the fundamental rules that are compulsory to be followed.
One eg.
According to the rules of football if the ball touches the arm of any players except goalkeeper then this is considered a foul.
These types of rules help us define the game and also in distinguishing one game from another. They are fundamental to the game, we can also call them the constitutive rules of the game.

Question 2.
Why do the people of Nepal want a new Constitution?
Answer:
The Nepal people do not want to continue with the previous Constitution when Nepal was the monarchial state. The previous constituion did not reflect the ideals of the country that they wanted Nepal to be, and they fought for it. That is the reason why the people of Nepal want a new Constitution.

(Page No.-7)

Question 3.
In what way is the class monitor misusing his power?
Answer:
He is misusing his power by making false complaints.

Question 4.
In which of the following situations is a minister misusing his power:
(a) refuses to sanction a project of his ministry for sound technical reasons;
(b) threatens to send his security staff to rough up his neighbour;
(c) calls up the police station asking them not to register a complaint that is likely to be filed against his relative.
Answer:
(b) and (c)

Question 5.
Read the following storyboard and answer the question that follow:

Who is in a minority in the above storyboard? In what way is this minority being dominated by the decision taken by the majority?
Answer:
Girls are in minority. Girls always have to do what boys wants because they are in majority.

Question 6.
Read the following storyboard and answer the question that follow:

Why was Shabnam happy that she had not watch TV? What would you have done in a similar situation?
Answer:
Shabnam was happy that she did not watch TV as she had to revise the last two chapters left for test and so many questions were asked in the test from the last two chapters.

(Page No.-13)

Question 7.
Discuss the difference between state and Government with your teacher.
Answer:
‘Government’ is responsible for administering and enforcing laws. The government can change with elections. The state on the other hand refers to a political institution that represents a sovereign people who occupy a definite territory.

(Page No.-14)

Question 8.
Which Fundamental Rights will the following situations violate:
(a) If a 13-year old child is working in a factory manufacturing carpets.
(b) If a politician in one state decides to not allow labourers from other states to work in his state.
(c) If a group of people are not given permission to open a Telugu-medium school in Kerala.
(d) If the government decides not to promote an officer of the armed forces because she is a woman.
Answer:
(a) Right against Exploitation.
(b) Right to Freedom
(c) Cultural and Educational Right.
(d) Right to Equality.

Hope the data shared above regarding the NCERT Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution PDF has aided in your exam preparation. If you ever need any assistance you can always reach us and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility.

India After Independence Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 12 India After Independence familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

India After Independence Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 12

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 12 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 12 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

History Class 8 Chapter 12 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.
Answer:
Three problems newly independent India faced:
(i) As a partition of India around 8 million people lost their homes, jobs and lands. These refugees from Pakistan had to be resettled in India.

(ii) There were around 500 princely states which had declared autonomy after the independence and had to be persuaded to join the newly formed India.

(iii) India had great population of approximately around 345 million that was divided on the basis of castes, community, languages, dress and lifestyle etc., that needed to be united as soon as possible.

Question 2.
What was the role of the Planning Commission?
Answer:
Planning Commission was set up in 1950 by the Govt, of India. Planning Commission was aimed at designing and executing suitable policies of economic development for the country.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Subjects that were placed on the Union list were ………… and ……………..
(b) Subjects on the Concurrent List were ………… and ……………..
(c) Economic planning by which both the state and the private sector played a role in development was called a…………….. model.
(d) The death of …………….. sparked off such violent protests that the government was forced to give in to the demand for the linguistic state of Andhra.
Answer:
(a) Taxes, defence, foreign affairs
(b) Agriculture & forest
(c) mixed economy

Question 4.
State whether true of false:
(а) At independence, the majority of Indians lived in villages.
(b) The Constituent Assembly was made up of members of the Congress party.
(c) In the first national election only men were allowed to vote.
(d) The Second Five Year Plan focused on the development of heavy industry.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
What did Dr. Ambedkar mean when he said that “In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality”?
Answer:
Dr. Ambedkar was a visionary leader. Through this sentence “In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality” he was trying to say that through votes in politics, everyone can get equality, but we will remain unequal in social and economic life. Proper distribution of resources and income is necessary to overcome inequality in social and economic life.

Question 6.
After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?
Answer:
After Independence, India was facing another one problem that was the formation of States on the basis of languages. Although the Congress had earlier agreed on this before independence, but later All India Congress Party seemed to have many difficulties in implementing it. The biggest problem was that on the basis of language, the unity and integrity of the country might not be threatened as India was already facing crisis on the basis of Caste, Religion etc. For this reason the leaders of our country like- Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru and Sardar Patel avoided this. Later, on the basis of language, the first State ‘Andhra Pradesh’ was created.

Question 7.
Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.
Answer:
English continued to be used in India after Independence because there was strong opposition of Hindi as a national language in some States.
Therefore, it was only way to continue the English in the various fields of government functioning. However, the constitution has provisioned that States can declare their own language of work including Hindi and English.

Question 8.
How was the economic development of India visualized in the early decades after Independence?
Answer:
When India became independent, the domestic industries had been ruined during the British period. The country had scarcity of food grains. There was unemployment and many more problems all around. After independence Govt, of India formed Planning Commission in 1950. This Commission was responsible to design and execute suitable policies of economic development for the country through the Five Year Plans.

The second Five Year Plan was dedicated to the development of Industries. During this period many Industries were developed. Apart from the activities of Planning Commission our Govt, took decisions gradually in all the fields such as manufacturing, Banking, establishment of various PSEs, Cottage industry etc. Such a way, India has made land marks in the early decades in view of economic development.

Let’s Do

Question 9.
Who was Mira Behn? Find out more about her life and her ideas.
Answer:
Mira Behn was a daughter of British Admiral. Her real name was Madeline Shade. She was very much impressed with Mahatmp. Gandhi and because of this she left England to live and work with Gandhiji. Her life was totally devoted for human development, following up Gandhiji thoughts and to the freedom struggle. In 1982, she was awarded the Padma Vibhushan.

Question 10.
Find out more about the language divisions in Pakistan that led to the creation of the new nation of Bangladesh. How did Bangladesh achieve independence from Pakistan?
Answer:
In 1947, when India divided into India and Pakistan, the Pakistan had two regions- East Pakistan and West Pakistan. This division was on the basis of linguistic majority. The West Pakistan was Urdu speaking region while East Pakistan was Bengali dominated region. There was inferiority complex in the people of Eastern Pakistan and fundamental rights were violated extremely which was led by the Western Pakistan. Gradually, this led great dissatisfaction among them.

The people of East Pakistan began migrating India and this migration became a great challenge for our country. India made efforts to make the situation controlled. India supported the victims of East Pakistani People which resulted war between India and Pakistan. As a result East Pakistan became independent as ‘Bangladesh’ on 16th December, 1971.

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