Author name: Raju

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 1

These Sample Papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 1

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions

• The question paper has 26 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
• Marks are indicated against each question.
• Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are Very Short Answer Type Questions. Each questions carries one mark.
• Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
• Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
• Question number 26 is a map question. It has two parts 26(A) and 26(B). 26(A) of 2 marks from History and 26(B) of 3 marks from Geography. After completion attach the map inside your answer book.
• There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in some questions. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such-questions.

Question. 1.
‘Elle’ was frequently used in the states of German confederation. What was it ? [1]
OR
The rat hunt began in Vietnam in 1902. What was the reason behind it ?

Question. 2.
Define calligraphy. [1]
OR
Who was the first proper modern Indian novel writer ?

Question. 3.
What is strip cropping ? [1]

Question. 4.
What is dictatorship ? [1]

Question. 5.
What are the modem forms of money ? [1]

Question. 6.
Due to which reason the latest models of different items are available within our reach ? [1]

Question. 7.
What does RTI stand for ? [1]

Question. 8.
The ideas of French revolution spread to other parts of Europe. Explain. [3]
OR
Explain the role of languages in developing the nationalist sentiments in Europe.

Question. 9.
What were the drawbacks of manuscripts ? [3]
OR
Write a short note on the rapidly growing popularity of novels among the common people.

Question. 10.
The need of water is increasing day by day. Why ? Also mention the effects of over exploitation and excessive use of water resources. [3]

Question. 11.
Kanhaiya is a farmer, he is practicing slash and burn agriculture in tropical regions. What are its salient features ? [3]

Question. 12.
There are two or more sets of government in federalism. Justify it. [3]

Question. 13.
Even after so many years of democracy. “India still faces challenges in holding elections”. Analyse this statement. [3]

Question. 14.
How does democracy produce an accountable, responsible and legitimate government ? [3]

Question. 15.
What is meant by economic development ? What are the two basis of measuring economic development. [3]

Question. 16.
Define ‘money’. Why is it accepted as a medium of exchange ? [3]

Question. 17.
What are the three advantages of Globalisation ? [3]

Question. 18.
What are the difficulties a consumer faces when he wants to seek redressal against unfair trade practices ? [3]

Question. 19.
Explain how the abolition of Corn laws in Britain led to the emergence of a global agriculture economy. [5]
OR
Why did industrial production in India increase during the First World War ?
OR
When and where was the very first section of the underground railway in the world opened ? Describe in brief the difficulties of travelling in the underground railway.

Question. 20.
Explain the features of the Boycott and Swadeshi Movement. [5]
OR
Who presided over the Lahore Congress Session in December 1929 ? What were the immediate outcomes of this session ?

Question. 21.
Distinguish between the Rabi and Kharif crops. [5]

Question. 22.
Analyse any five problems of Indian road transport. [5]
OR
How has the distribution pattern of the railway network in the country been largely influenced by physiographic and economic factors ? Explain with examples.

Question. 23.
What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies ? [5]

Question. 24.
What are the characteristics of a political party ? [5]
OR
Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well.

Question. 25.
How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors ? Illustrate with few examples. [5]
OR
Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised sectors and unorganised sectors.

Question. 26.
(A) Two features (a) and (b) are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked near them. [5]

(a) The place where Jallian- wala Bagh incident took place.
(b) The place where peasants organised a Satyagraha in 1917.
(B) Locate and label the following with appropriate symbols.
(i) A software technology park in Jammu and Kashmir.
(ii) The only nuclear power plant in Uttar Pradesh.
(iii) Raniganj coal mine.

ANSWERS

Answer. 1.
‘Elle’ was the measurement of cloth from elbow to finger tip, which was used in Europe particularly in Germany.
OR
The rats, carrying the germs of plague, started entering the homes of French. So, to get rid of the rats, a ‘Rat-Hunt’ was started in 1902. The French hired Vietnamese workers and paid them for each rat they caught.

Answer. 2.
Calligraphy is a visual art related to beautiful and stylish writing.
OR
Srinivas Das wrote the first proper modern novel in Hindi.

Answer. 3.
Strip cropping is the method of cultivation in which different crops are sown in alternate strips to prevent soil erosion.

Answer. 4.
A dictatorship is an authoritarian form of government where all the power is vested with a single person. He has absolute control over government.

Answer. 5.
Paper notes, coins and plastic money are the modern forms of money.

Answer. 6.
Due to globalisation, the latest models of different items are available within our reach.

Answer. 7.
RTI stands for Right to Information Act. This act is an Act of the Parliament of India which came into force in 2005.

Answer. 8.
The idea of French revolution spread to other parts of Europe due to following reason:

1. The French Revolutionary ideas inspired the oppressed poeple in other parts of Europe with liberal ideas.
2. Jacobin club was set up by students, educated middle class to spread revolutionary ideas.
3. With the out break of French revolutionary war, the French armies spread the idea of nationalism.
4. Napolean who had conquered large part of Europe has brought administrative changes such as uniform civil code, abolishment of feudal system which helps in creating a sense of unification.

OR
The role of languages in developing the nationalist sentiments in Europe :

1. The emphasis on language was made not just to recover an ancient national spirit but also to carry the modern nationalist message to large audiences who was mostly illiterate.
2. Many members of the clergy in Poland began to use language as a weapon of national resistance.
3. After the Russian occupation of Poland, Polish language was forced out of schools and the Russian language was used everywhere.

Answer. 9.
The production of handwritten manuscripts became unpopular for several reasons :

1. It could not compete with the ever-increasing demand for books.
2. Copying was an expensive, labourious and time consuming business.
3. Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle and could not be carried around easily.

OR
Reasons for the rapidly growing popularity of novels among the common people :

1. The world created by novels was absorbing and convincing enough for readers to relate with.
2. Novels gave the readers the pleasure of reading in private.
3. In 1836, when ‘Pickwick Papers’ of Charles Dickens was serialised in a magazine, people enjoyed its suspense and discussed the characters of a novel for the very first time and lived for weeks with their stories.

Answer. 10.
The demand for water is increasing day by day due to the following reasons :

1. Due to increasing urbanisation.
2. Due to population explosion.
3. Due to industrialisation because where a lot of water is required to generate electricity.

Over utilisation and mismanagement of water resources may cause :

1. Lowering of water table result in threat for agriculture which may lead to shortage of food.
2. Excessive use of water results in sinking which could lead to huge economic losses like structure damage in high building and fractures in pipe.
3. Degradation of the ecosystem.

Answer. 11.
Salient features of slash and burn agriculture (shifting agriculture):

1. For land availability, forests are cut and trees are burnt.
2. For cultivation old tools such as digging sticks, hoe and dao are used.
3. Less use of natural fertilizers or pesticides result in low productivity.

Answer. 12.
As federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between the union and provinces. Usually it has two levels of government.

1. One is the government for the entire country called central or union government which looks after the subjects of national importance.
2. The other government is at the level of provinces or states that looks after the matters of state importance. Both the governments enjoy their respective powers independently.
3. In India a third tier of federalism was added as local government in the form of panchayats and municipalities or provincial governments.

Answer. 13.
Elections are a challenge to Indian democracy because :

1. Holding a free and fair election is difficult. The candidates spend lot of money on campaigning, so only rich candidates can contest elections.
2. The parties also support rich and influential candidates. Often the candidates try to bribe the voters indirectly by distributing food, gifts and making false promises.

Therefore, the government should think different ways to minimise and check the election expenditure as it has become a big challenge to Indian democracy in holding fair and free elections.

Answer. 14.
Democracy is a form of government in which people rule themselves through their elected representatives.

1. If their representatives do not work according to their wishes then the people can change their representatives in the next general election. So, the government elected by people is accountable to them.
2. In democracy, the government is responsive. The government has to keep the public opinion in mind while taking decisions.
3. A democratic government is a legitimate government because it is elected by the people and is formed under the norms provided by the constitution of the country.

Answer. 15.
Economic development is the increase in growth and welfare of people, improvement of quality of life and increase in per capita income.

The two measures of the measuring the economic development of the country are :

1. Human development index.
2. Per capita income.

Answer. 16.
Money is defined as anything of value that series as a generally accepted medium of exchange, legal tender for repayment of debt, standard of value and a means to store purchasing power.

It is accepted as a medium of exchange because :

1. Goods and services can be bought and sold with the use of money easily.
2. Money solves the problem of double coincidence of wants.
3. Money is sometimes paid as advance with promise of goods later,

Answer. 17.
Three advantages of Globalisation are :

1. Globalisation helps to boost the economy of the country by improving the allocative efficiency of researches, increase in labour productivity and reducing capital out put ratio.
2. Globalisation attracts FDI along with foreign technology which helps to improve quality of production.
3. Globalisation enhances the efficiency of the banking, insurance and financial sectors.

Answer. 18.
Difficulties faced by a consumer in seeking redressal against unfair trade practices are :

1. To start the redressal process, a consumer has to engage a lawyer who files a court case and attends proceedings.
2. A consumer has to keep the cash memo carefully and produce it as evidence whenever it is needed. It is also not easy to collect evidences for all small goods as most of the purchases in the market are from small retailers.
3. The existing laws to seek redressal are not very clear on the issue of compensation to the consumers. Therefore, the consumers get confused and most of the time they do not know how to approach the concerned cocerned authorities.

Answer. 19.
The abolition of Corn Laws in Britain led to the emergence of a global agriculture economy in the following ways :

1. Britain was forced to import food grains from Eastern Europe, America and Australia.
2. These products were relatively cheaper than the prices of the British produced goods and food grains.
3. With abolition of Corn Laws, Britain began to import food grains from rest of the world.
4. Now, food and other essential commodities were transported by railways and by ships manned by low paid workers from southern Europe, Asia, Africa and Caribbean.
5. Crops were not grown by a peasant tilling his land but by an agricultural worker. By now food started coming from thousands of miles away.

OR
During the First World War India witnessed increased industrial production due to : the following reasons :

1. The British colonial government asked Indian factories to supply the war needs like jute bags, cloth or army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles, etc.
2. It was a good opportunity for Indian industries to fill in empty Indian markets with their products. Therefore, industrial production in India increased.
3. British industries were also busy in producing and supplying the war needs. Hence they stopped importing British goods or clothes to colonial markets like India.
4. The increased demand for a variety of products led to the setting up of new factories. The old factories also increased the production.
5. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work for longer hours.

OR

The first section of the underground railway in the world was opened on 10th January, 1863 between Paddington and Forringdan Street in London.

Following were the difficulties of travelling in the underground railway :

1. At first, the people were afraid to travel in the underground railways. They found that the underground atmosphere contains mixture of sulphur, coal dust and foul smelling fumes from the gas lamps above posing a danger to their health.
2. Most of the people felt the ‘Iron Monsters’ added to the mess and unhealthiness of the city.
3. To make two miles of railways, 900 houses had to be destroyed. Streets were knocked up, pits and trenches were dug. The underground railways led to a massive displacement of the poors in London.
4. The compartments were over crowded and polluted by smoke which resulted in suffocation due to lack of oxygen supply and heat.

Answer. 20.
Following were the features of Boycott and Swadeshi Movement :

1. Reduction in import of cloths. Refusal and bonfires of foreign cloths by Indians.
2. Refusal of traders to deal in foreign goods or finance foreign trade badly affected the British economy.
3. Picketing of foreign liquor shops by women.
4. British institutions and services were denied by students, teachers and lawyers.
5. Increase in the production of Indian handloom and textile and coming up of Indian industries.

OR
Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the Lahore Congress Session in December 1929. Following were the immediate outcomes of this session :

1. The demand for Purna Swaraj or complete independence was formalised.
2. It was declared that 26th January, 1930 will be celebrated as the Independence day. This fake Independence Day under the British rule was to be celebrated to make the Indian National Movement more lively.
3. People were asked to take a pledge to struggle for complete independence.
4. Gandhiji tried to find a way to relate this abstract idea of freedom to issues of everyday life. Later, this came in the form of famous Civil Disobedience Movement.
5. The Nehru report was declared to be null and void in the Lahore Congress.

Answer. 21.

Rabi Crops

1. These crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
2. These crops require less rainfall
3. These crops require low temperature.
4. Some of the most important rabi regions are north western states such as Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.
5. Some of the important Rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard.

Kharif Crops

1. These crops are grown with the onset of monsoon and harvested from September to October.
2. These crops require high rainfall.
3. These crops require high temperature.
4. Some of the most important Kharif regions are Assam, West Bengal coastal regions of Odisha, the Konkan coast, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
5. Some of the important Kharif crops are erice (paddy), maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, ground-nut and soyabean.

Answer. 22.
The problem of Indian road transport are :

1. Indian road network is inadequate. Journey by roads is not safe and prone to various accidents.
2. About half of the roads are unmettaled and this limits their usage during rainy season.
3. The national highways in India are also inadequate.
4. The highways in India are highly congested in cities and most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.
5. Road side amenities like emergency help services, police protection and communications are not sufficient and approachable.

OR
The distribution pattern of the railway network in India has been greatly influenced by physical and economic factors such as :

Physical factors:

1. The rugged terrain of the Himalayan mountain region in the north and north eastern states with sparse population and lack of economic opportunities is unfavourable for the construction of railway lines thereby railway network is lacking in these regions.
2. Level lands of the northern plains of India with high density of population, rich agricultural resources and greater industrial activity have favoured the development of railways in this region. This regions, therefore have the densest network of railways in India.
3. Sparsely populated sandy deserts of Rajasthan, hilly contiguous tracts of the Sahyadri Swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand and the flood plains of Bihar and Assam have posed great difficulty in laying of railway lines.
   Economic factors:
4. On account of the economic importance of the region, the Konkan railways was developed along the west coast inspite of problems of sinking of tracks and landslides
5. However, a large number of rivers requiring construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles in the construction of railway tracks.

Answer. 23.

1. In India, the women’s participation in the political area is very low as in Lok Sabha, representation of women is only 10 per cent and in the state legislative assemblies the representation is less than 5 per cent of the total strength.
2. On the other hand, the situation is different in the case of local government bodies. As one third of seats in local government bodies (panchayats and municipalities) is reserved for women, there are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies.
3. In the central government, cabinet are largely dominated by male members even when women become the Chief Minister or Prime Minister.
4. The share of women legislators in India is way behind then those of several developing countries of latin America and Africa. Thus, regarding, women’s participation in legislature, India ranks last among the nations in the world.

Answer. 24.
Following are the characteristics of a political party :

1. Political parties are groups of well organised like minded people with the same view and opinions.
2. The members of the political party agree to the policies and programmes to be implemented for the benefit of the society.
3. Political party has one common aim to attain the power.
4. Political parties try to persuade people that their policies are better then those of other parties.
5. A political party runs with the help of its leaders, active members and its – supporters.

OR
Suggestions to strengthen political parties :

1. Anti-deflection law prevents elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. At the same time, this law has made any dissent even more difficult.
2. It is mandatory for evey candidate to give details of his property and criminate cases pending against him.
3. Political parties should maintain a register of its member and have periodic elections for its office bearers.
4. Political parties should have atleast one third seats reserved for women.
5. The government should give parties some funds to support their election expenses.

Answer. 25.
There are many ways in which tertiary sector is different from other sectors :

1. It is also known as service sector. It includes trade, transport, communication and other services provided to the people employed in primary and secondary sectors.
2. These activities do not produce goods but they support the production process by increasing the efficiency of production process.
3. It is different from primary sector which includes all those economic activities which are connected with extraction and production of natural resources. For example, fishery, mining, agriculture, etc.
4. Tertiary sector is also different from secondary sector which includes all activities which are concerned with the processing of raw materials which have already been extracted at the primary stage. For e.g., converting sugarcane into sugar.

OR

Organised Sector

1. Workers have job security and they get regular monthly salary.
2. Working hours are fixed here. This sector is governed by various Acts like Factories Act, Bonus Act, EFF Act, Minimum Wages Act, etc.
3. Rules and regualtions are strictly followed here.
4. Working conditions are favourable.
5. Workers get benefits like provident fund, pension, paid leave, leave travel compensation, medical benefits, etc.

Unorganised Sector

1. Workers do not have job security and they get daily wages.
2. Working hours are not fixed here. Sometimes workers have to work for 10-12 hours. Salary of workers is less than the salary prescribed by the government.
3. No rules and regulation are followed here.
4. Working conditions are not favourable.
5. Workers do not get any such facilities. Benefits and perquisites are not provided to the workers.

Answer. 26.
The answer map is given below.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi B Set 1

These Sample Papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi B. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi A Set 4

निर्धारित समय : 3 घण्टे
अधिकतम अंक : 80

सामान्य निदेश

* इस प्रश्न-पत्र में चार खण्ड हैं
खण्ड (क) : अपठित अंश 15 अंक
खण्ड (ख) : व्यावहारिक व्याकरण 15 अंक
खण्ड (ग) : पाठ्य पुस्तक एवं पूरक पाठ्य पुस्तक 25 अंक
खण्ड (घ) : लेखन 25 अंक
* चारों खंडों के प्रश्नों के उत्तर देना अनिवार्य है।
* यथासंभव प्रत्येक खण्ड के प्रश्नों के उत्तर क्रमशः दीजिए।

खण्ड (क) : अपठित अंश

प्र.1. निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए   [9]
‘पर्यावरण’ शब्द दो शब्दों ‘परि’ और ‘आवरण’ के मेल से बना है, जिसका अर्थ है-हमारे चारों ओर का आवरण | वह आवरण, जिसमें ऐसे अनेक तत्व निहित हैं, जिनसे जीवन फलता-फूलता है। इन तत्वों का उचित संतुलन पर्यावरण को ऐसा रूप देता है, जिसमें धरती पर उपस्थित जीवधारियों को जीवन के अनुकूल परिस्थितियाँ प्राप्त होती हैं, किंतु जब यही संतुलन बिगड़ता है, तब सभी जीवधारियों के लिए परिस्थितियाँ कठिन से कठिनतम होती चली जाती हैं | सच मानिए तो जीवनदायी तत्वों से भरा हमारा पर्यावरण हमारे प्राणों का आधार है । इसके संतुलन में ही हमारी भलाई है। इसका असंतुलित होना हमारे लिए प्राणघातक है, किंतु इसे मानव-जीवन की विडंबना ही कहा जाएगा कि बुद्धिजीवी होते हुए भी हम मनुष्य शायद ऐसी बातें भूल चुके हैं, तभी तो पर्यावरण की इस कदर अनदेखी कर रहे हैं कि जैसे उससे हमारे जीवन का कोई वास्ता ही न हो । आज विज्ञान की प्रगति के नाम पर किए जा रहे उचित-अनुचित परीक्षण, वैज्ञानिक आविष्कारों के अनुचित उपयोग, शहर व कारखानों की गंदगी से बेहाल होती नदियों व बढ़ते प्रदूषण ने पर्यावरण का मानो दम घोंट दिया है। पर्यावरण कराह रहा है, प्रकृति आक्रोश में है । ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंग,ग्लेशियरों का पिघलना, मौसम-चक्रों का अव्यवस्थित होना, बादल फटना, बाढ़, तूफ़ान, भूकंप आदि का आना तथा नित्य नई-नई बीमारियों का बढ़ना प्रकृति के आक्रोश तथा मनुष्य के द्वारा किए जा रहे पर्यावरण की उपेक्षा के ही परिणाम हैं । सोचिए, क्या ऐसा करके मनुष्य अपनी कब्र अपने आप ही तैयार करने में नहीं जुट गया है। ऐसा करके हम अगली पीढ़ी को कैसा पर्यावरण सौंपने जा रहे हैं, क्या हमने इस पर विचार करना छोड़ दिया है। अच्छा होगा कि मनुष्य निजी स्वार्थ को छोड़कर पर्यावरण-संरक्षण का दायित्व निभाए, तभी भावी पीढ़ी उसे उसकी अच्छाइयों के लिए याद करेगी ।।
(i) पर्यावरण का जीवन के साथ क्या संबंध है? गद्यांश के आधार पर विचार करके लिखिए। [2]
(ii) गद्यांश में मानव-जीवन की विडंबना किसे बताया गया है? [2]
(iii) पर्यावरण की उपेक्षा के परिणामों को अपने शब्दों में लिखिए। [2]
(iv) भावी पीढ़ी आज की पीढ़ी को कब याद करेगी? [2]
(v) उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त शीर्षक दीजिए । [1]

प्र. 2. निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए [6]
है वीर वही सच्चा जग में, हर मुश्किल में मुस्काए जो ।
जीवन के काँटों में सुरभित सुमनों-सा खिल-खिल जाए जो ।।
दम तेज़ हवाओं का तोले, औ बाधाओं से टकराए
जब दुख की तेज़ धूप छाए, वो मेघों जैसा लहराए।
जीवन तरुवर जैसा जिसका, सबको फल-छाया देता है।
झोंका मलयानिल का बनकर, जो छू पीड़ा हर लेता है।
परहित में, परसेवा में ही सच जीवन को सुख पाए जो ।
है वीर वही सच्चा जग में, हर मुश्किल में मुस्काए जो ।।
मुश्किल हालातों में जिसका, साहस दुगुना हो जाता है।
अँधियारों को हरने के हित- जो उजियारे नित बोता है ।
जो चट्टानों से टकराकर, नित राह निकाला करता है।
तूफ़ाँ लेकर बाधा जिसके, आगे आने से डरता है ।
हिम्मत के मस्त तरानों से, कष्टों को धूल चटाए जो ।
है वीर वही सच्चा जग में, हर मुश्किल में मुस्काए जो ।।
(i) पद्यांश में सच्चा वीर किसे कहा गया है? अधिकतम चार विशेषताओं का उल्लेख करते हुए लिखिए। [2]
(ii) जीवन तरूवर जैसा जिसका, सबको फल-छाया देता है।’ पंक्ति में जीवन के किस महान गुण की बात कही गई है? [2]
(iii) कष्टों व बाधाओं को धूल चटाने के लिए सच्चा वीर क्या करता है? [2]

खण्ड (ख) : व्यावहारिक व्याकरण

प्र. 3. (क) कोई शब्द पद कब बन जाता है? उदाहरण सहित स्पष्ट कीजिए। [2]
(ख) रचना के आधार पर निर्देशानुसार वाक्य परिवर्तन कीजिए [3]
(i) उसके जाते ही शो का मज़ा किरकिरा हो गया। (मिश्र वाक्य में)
(ii) वर्षा होने पर उमस बहुत बढ़ जाती है। (संयुक्त वाक्य में)
(iii) ऐसा पहली बार हुआ है कि वह इतना विचलित दिखाई दिया है। (सरल वाक्य में)

प्र. 4. (क) किन्हीं दो का समास-विग्रह करके समास का नाम लिखिए [2]
जगबीती, नवरस, पीतांबर
(ख) किन्हीं दो का समस्तपद बनाकर समास का नाम लिखिए [2]
विद्या रूपी रल, रण के लिए क्षेत्र, दश (दस) अब्दों (वर्षों) का समूह

प्र. 5. (क) निम्नलिखित अशुद्ध वाक्यों को शुद्ध करके लिखिए – [4]
(i) वे पढ़ाए थे हमें हिंदी बड़े ही रोचक ढंग से ।
(ii) सूर्योदय की दृश्य बड़ी प्यारी होती है।
(iii) डाली में अनेकों चिड़ियाँ बैठी थीं।
(iv) आप यहाँ से अभी चले जाओ।
(ख) (i) रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति उचित मुहावरों द्वारा कीजिए
जब तक मनुष्य पर जिम्मेदारी नहीं आती तब तक उसे………पता नहीं चलता ।। [1]
(ii) बाट जोहना’ मुहावरे का अर्थ लिखकर वाक्य में प्रयोग कीजिए। [1]

खण्ड (ग) : पाठ्य पुस्तक एवं पूरक पाठ्य पुस्तक

प्र. 6. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए [2+2+1= 5]
(i) आज जो बात थी वह निराली थी’ किस बात से पता चल रहा था कि आज का दिन अपने आप में निराला है? ‘डायरी का एक पन्ना पाठ के संदर्भ में स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ii) प्रकृति में आए परिवर्तन का क्या दुष्परिणाम हुआ?
(iii) वजीर अली कौन था?

प्र. 7. पाठ के आधार पर सिद्ध कीजिए कि गांधी जी समाज की नब्ज़ को पहचानते थे । [5]

अथवा

बड़े भाई साहब का चरित्र-चित्रण कीजिए।

प्र. 8. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए [2+2+1 = 5]
(i) ‘कर चले हम फिदा’ इस गीत में गीतकार द्वारा क्या संदेश दिया गया है?
(ii) “मनुष्यता कविता का प्रतिपाद्य अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
(iii) माला का जाप, तिलक आदि लगाना प्रभु की भक्ति में सहायक क्यों नहीं है?

प्र. 9. “आत्मत्राण’ कविता को आप किन कारणों से सामान्य प्रार्थना कविताओं से अलग पाते हैं । विचार करके लिखिए। [5]

अथवा

‘तोप’ कविता के आधार पर बताइए कि धरोहरें कितने प्रकार की होती हैं और हम इनकी देखभाल किस कारण करते हैं?

प्र. 10. ‘सपनों के से दिन’ कहानी के आधार पर शिक्षा-व्यवस्था की आलोचना कीजिए । उचित शिक्षा-व्यवस्था विद्यार्थियों के जीवन में नैतिक मूल्यों का विकास करती है? विस्तार से लिखिए।[5]

अथवा

‘टोपी शुक्ला’ पाठ में निहित मित्रता के भाव को 50-60 शब्दों में लिखिए ।

खण्ड (घ) : लेखन

प्र. 11. निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक विषय पर 80-100 शब्दों में अनुच्छेद लिखिए [5]
(क) परिश्रम ही जीवन है।

• परिश्रम का महत्व
• परिश्रम और जीवन एक-दूसरे के पूरक, सफलता के लिए परिश्रम आवश्यक
• उपसंहार ।

(ख) सत्संगति का महत्व

• सत्संगति का तात्पर्य
• जीवन में महत्त्व
• गुणों की स्रोत
• महापुरुषों के उदाहरण सर्वदा सत्संगति का अनुसरणे ।

(ग) कंप्यूटर : लाभ या हानि

• विज्ञान की अनूठी देन
• इसका महत्व, सूचना क्रांति में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका
• लाभ-हानि
• विवेकपूर्ण प्रयोग करने की सलाह ।

प्र. 12. आपके क्षेत्र में वर्षा के कारण सड़कों की स्थिति ख़राब हो गई है। इससे प्रतिदिन हजारों यात्रियों को कठिनाई हो रही है। पथनिर्माण विभाग के अधिकारियों की इस लापरवाही की सूचना देते हुए प्रभात ख़बर, अ-ब-स नगर के संपादक को पत्र लिखिए। [5]

अथवा

थानाध्यक्ष को पत्र लिखकर अपने क्षेत्र में बढ़ती अराजकता और लूटपाट की घटनाओं पर रोक लगाने का अनुरोध कीजिए।

प्र. 13. विद्यालय के सूचनापट्ट पर अंतर्सदनीय (इंटरहाउस) वाद-विवाद प्रतियोगिता के लिए 20-30 शब्दों में एक सूचना लिखिए।। [5]

अथवा

आप रेजीडेंट्स वैलफेयर सोसाइटी, मानसरोवर अपार्टमेंट के अध्यक्ष हैं । सूचनापट्ट पर स्वास्थ्य-मेले के आयोजन की 20-30 शब्दों में एक सूचना लिखिए।

प्र. 14. गर्मी के दिनों में पानी की कमी से परेशान दो महिलाओं की बातचीत पर आधारित संवाद-लेखन लगभग 50 शब्दों में कीजिए। [5]

अथवा

टी-20 क्रिकेट में भारतीय खिलाड़ियों के प्रशंसनीय प्रदर्शन पर दो क्रिकेट-प्रेमियों की बातचीत पर आधारित लगभग 50 शब्दों का संवाद-लेखन कीजिए।

प्र. 15. आपकी कंपनी ने सफेद होते बालों की रोकथाम के लिए केश-तेल बनाया है। लगभग 25-50 शब्दों में उसका एक विज्ञापन तैयार करें। [5]

अथवा

खेल-कूद और व्यायाम के प्रति लोगों को जागरूक बनाने हेतु लगभग 25-50 शब्दों में जनहित में जारी एक विज्ञापन बनाएँ।

उत्तरमाला
खण्ड (अ)

उत्तर 1. (i) पर्यावरण का जीवन के साथ गहरा संबंध है। पर्यावरण में जीवन के लिए आवश्यक सभी तत्व विद्यमान हैं और इसके संतुलन में ही सबकी भलाई है।
(ii) मानव जीवन के लिए पर्यावरण प्राणों का आधार है तथापि हम हर पल इसकी उपेक्षा करते रहते हैं। गद्यांश में इसे ही मानव-जीवन की विडंबना कहा गया है।
(iii) ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंग, ग्लेशियरों का पिघलना, मौसम-चक्र का अव्यवस्थित होना, बादल फटना, बाढ़, तूफ़ान, भूकंप आदि का आनी तथा नित्य नई-नई बीमारियों का बढ़ना पर्यावरण की उपेक्षा के परिणाम हैं।
(iv) आज की पीढ़ी यदि पर्यावरण संरक्षण के दायित्व का निर्वाह अच्छे से करेगी तभी भावी पीढ़ी उसे याद रखेगी ।
(v) उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त शीर्षक ‘पर्यावरण और हम’ होना चाहिए।

उत्तर 2. (i) पद्यांश के अनुसार हर मुश्किल परिस्थितियों में मुस्कराने वाला ही सच्चा वीर है । सच्चे वीर की निम्नलिखित चार विशेषताएँ हैं

1. जीवन के कष्ट रूपी कॉटों में भी पुष्प के समान खिलते रहते हैं।
2. वे विपत्ति रूपी आँधी से टकराने में भी घबराते नहीं हैं।
3. दुख रूपी धूप के छाने पर भी बादल के समान शीतल बने रहते हैं।
4. सच्चे वीर का जीवन उस वृक्ष के समान होता है जो सबको समान रूप से छाया और फल देता है।

(ii) जीवन तरुवर जैसा जिसका, सबको फल-छाया देता है।’ पंक्ति में जीवन के महान गुण उदारता, समानता आदि गुणों की बात कही गई
(iii) कष्टों व बाधाओं को धूल चटाने के लिए सच्चा वीर हिम्मत से उसका सामना करता है। उसके हिम्मत और शौर्य के सामने कष्ट और सभी बाधाएँ स्वत: परास्त हो जाती हैं।

खण्ड (ख)

उत्तर 3. (क) जब कोई शब्द व्याकरण के नियमों के अनुसार वाक्य में प्रयुक्त होता है तब वह शब्द पद बन जाता है। जैसे- पुस्तक, यहाँ एक शब्द है । पुस्तक हमारी अच्छी मित्र है। यहाँ ‘पुस्तक’ पद है।
(ख) (i) जैसे ही वह गया वैसे ही शो का मज़ा किरकिरा हो गया ।
(ii) वर्षा होती है और उमस बहुत बढ़ जाती है।
(iii) वह पहली बार इतना विचलित दिखाई दिया है।

उत्तर 4. (क) जगबीती – जग में या पर बीता हुआ, तत्पुरुष समास ।
नवरस – नव रसों का समूह, दविगु समास ।।
पीतांबर – पीला है वस्त्र जिनका अर्थात विष्णु, बहुव्रीहि समास ।
(ख) विद्या रूपी रत्न – विद्यारत्न, कर्मधारय समास ।
रण के लिए क्षेत्र – रणक्षेत्र, तत्पुरुष समास ।
दश (दस) अब्दों (वर्षों का समूह- देशाब्दी, दविगु समास ।

उत्तर 5. (क) (i) उन्होंने हमें बड़े ही रोचक ढंग से हिंदी पढ़ाई थी।
(ii) सूर्योदय का दृश्य बड़ा प्यारा होता है।
(iii) डाली पर अनेक चिड़ियाँ बैठी थीं ।।
(iv) आप यहाँ से अभी चले जाइए।
(ख) (i) दाल रोटी का भाव पता
(ii) बाट जोहना – रास्ता देखना
अँधेरा होने पर माँ अपने बेटे की बाट जोहती रहती है।

खण्ड (ग)

उत्तर 6. (i) 26 जनवरी, 1931 का दिन अपने आप में ही निराला था क्योंकि इस दिन को निराला बनाने के लिए कलकत्तावासी हर संभव प्रयास कर रहे थे । पुलिस की निषेधाज्ञा के बावजूद सैकड़ों लोग तीन बजे से ही पार्क में पहुँच रहे थे । पूरे कलकत्ता को वधू की तरह सजा दिया गया था। स्त्रियाँ भी जुलूस में बढ़चढ़कर भाग ले रही थीं। चारों ओर अदम्य उत्साह दिख रहा था।
(ii) प्रकृति में आए परिवर्तन के अनेक दुष्परिणाम हुए। गर्मी में ज़्यादा गर्मी, सर्दी में ज़्यादा सर्दी, बेवक्त की बरसातें, जलजले, सैलाब, तूफ़ान और नित नए रोग ये सारे प्रकृति में आए असंतुलित परिवर्तन के ही परिणाम हैं।
(iii) वज़ीर अली की निर्भीकता को देखकर स्पष्ट होता है कि वह एक जाँबाज सिपाही था।

उत्तर 7. गाँधी जी में समाज की नब्ज़ पहचानने की क्षमता थी उन्होंने अपने सारे आंदोलनों को व्यावहारिकता के स्तर से आदर्शों के स्तर पर चढ़कर चलाया था । इसीलिए उनके सारे आन्दोलन भारत छोड़ो, सत्याग्रह, असहयोग आंदोलन, दांडीमार्च आदि सफल हुए। उन्होंने सत्य और अहिंसा को अपने आदर्शों का हथियार बनाया। इन्हीं सिद्धांतों के बलबूते पर उन्होंने ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य से टक्कर ली। उनके नेतृत्व में लाखों भारतीयों ने उनके साथ कंधे से कंधा मिलाकर संघर्ष किया। उन्हें पता था कि समाज कभी भी हिंसा और असत्य का साथ नहीं देगा।

अथवा

कथा सम्राट प्रेमचंद द्वारा लिखित कहानी का मुख्य पात्र बड़े भाई साहब हैं। बड़े भाई साहब परिश्रमी विद्यार्थी थे | एक ही कक्षा में तीन बार फेल हो जाने के बाद भी पढ़ाई से उन्होंने अपना नाता नहीं तोड़ा था | उनका व्यक्तित्व गंभीर तथा संयमी था | अपने छोटे भाई के सामने आदर्श उदाहरण प्रस्तुत करने के लिए वे खेल-कूद से दूर और अध्ययनशील बने रहते थे। बड़े भाई साहब कुशल वक्ता थे। बड़ों के लिए उनके मन में सम्मान था, पैसों की फिजूलखर्ची को उचित नहीं समझते थे । इस प्रकार इस कहानी में उनका व्यक्तित्व आदर्श रूप में है।

उत्तर 8. (i) प्रस्तुत गीत युद्ध की पृष्ठभूमि पर बनी फिल्म हकीकत के लिए सन् 1962 के भारत-चीन युद्ध की ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि पर लिखा गया था। कवि ने यहाँ अपने देश के सम्मान और रक्षा के लिए सैनिकों को हर चुनौतियों को स्वीकार करके अपने जीवन का बलिदान करने के लिए तैयार रहने के लिए भी संदेश दिया है।

(ii) मनुष्यता’ कविता का प्रतिपाद्य है कि हमें मृत्यु से नहीं डरना चाहिए | परोपकार के लिए अपना सर्वस्व न्योछावर करने के लिए तत्पर रहना चाहिए । जब हम दूसरों के लिए जीते हैं तभी लोग हमें मृत्यु के बाद भी याद रखते हैं। कभी घमंड नहीं करना चाहिए। स्वयं आगे बढ़ने के साथ-साथ औरों को भी आगे बढ़ने की प्रेरणा देनी चाहिए। सभी को एक होकर चलना चाहिए और परस्पर भाईचारे का व्यवहार करना चाहिए। सभी मनुष्य ईश्वर की संतान है । परस्पर विश्वास का भाव बनाए रखना चाहिए।

(iii) माला का जाप, तिलक आदि लगाना प्रभु की भक्ति में सहायक नहीं है क्योंकि कवि बाहरी आडंबरों का खंडन करके भगवान की सच्ची भक्ति करने पर बल दिया है। जो इन व्यर्थ के आडंबरों में भटकते रहते हैं वे झूठा प्रदर्शन करके दुनिया को धोखा देते हैं। भगवान राम तो सच्चे मन की भक्ति से ही प्रसन्न होते हैं।

उत्तर 9. वास्तव में आत्मत्राण प्रार्थना अन्य प्रार्थना गीतों से भिन्न है क्योंकि अन्य प्रार्थना गीतों में दास्य भाव, आत्म समर्पण, समस्त दुखों से मुक्ति की प्रार्थना, ईश्वर सभी कार्य पूरे करें इत्यादि प्रार्थनाएँ होती हैं, परन्तु इस कविता में कष्टों से छुटकारा नहीं कष्टों को सहने की शक्ति के लिए प्रार्थना की गई है। कवि ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करता है कि कोई भी कष्ट हो, उसका बल पौरुष न हिले, वह सदा बना रहे और कोई भी कष्ट धैर्य से सह ले । यहाँ ईश्वर के प्रति आस्था और कर्मशील बने रहने की प्रार्थना की गई है।

अथवा

‘तोप’ कविता के आधार पर पता चलता है कि धरोहरें दो प्रकार की होती हैं । एक वे जिन्हें देखकर अपनी गौरवशाली परंपरा की याद आ जाए, दूसरी वे जिन्हें देखकर पूर्वजों द्वारा जाने अनजाने में की गई गलतियों का पता चल जाए। इन चीजों को सँभालकर इसलिए रखा जाता है, क्योंकि वे हमारे पूर्वजों व बीते समय की होती हैं। इनसे हमारा भावनात्मक संबंध जुड़ा होता है। इसलिए इन्हें अमूल्य माना जाता है। ये तात्कालिक परिस्थितियों की जानकारी के साथ दिशानिर्देश भी देती हैं। इन्हें सँभालकर रखा जाता है ताकि हमारे बच्चों के भविष्य-निर्माण का आधार मजबूत बन सके और भविष्य की पीढ़ी गलतियों को दुहराए नहीं।

उत्तर 10. ‘सपनों के से दिन’ कहानी के आधार पर शिक्षा-व्यवस्था में अनुशासन बनाए रखने के लिए बच्चों को कठोर यातनाएँ दी जाती थीं । उन पर पाठ्यक्रम का भारी दबाव रहता था । शिक्षा व्यवस्था रटंत प्रणाली पर आधारित थी। वर्तमान परिवेश में शिक्षकों को बच्चों को शारीरिक दंड देने का अधिकार नहीं दिया गया है। आजकल बच्चों के मनोविज्ञान को समझने के लिए शिक्षकों को प्रशिक्षित किया जाता है ताकि वे बच्चे की भावनाओं को समझें, उनके दुर्व्यवहार के कारण को समझें, उन्हें उनकी गलती का एहसास कराएँ तथा उनके साथ मित्रता व ममता का व्यवहार किया जाए। इससे बच्चों के मन में शिक्षा के प्रति रुचि बढ़ेगी तथा विद्यालय आनंद की जगह बन जाएगी । इस प्रकार की शिक्षा व्यवस्था से बालकों के चरित्र में नैतिकता का विकास होगा।

अथवा

इफ्फ़न और टोपी शुक्ला अलग-अलग मजहब के होते हुए भी मित्रता के अटूट बंधन में एक दूसरे से बंधे हुए थे । टोपी की दोस्ती पहले-पहल इफ्फ़न के साथ ही हुई थी । इफ्फ़न के बिना टोपी शुक्ला की कहानी को समझा भी नहीं जा सकता है और यह कहानी भी अधूरी है। अत: दोनों का रिश्ता जाति और धर्म से परे मित्रता के धागे से बँधा था । यहाँ पर लेखक ने यह समझाने का प्रयास किया है कि जब रिश्ते प्रेम से बँधे होते हैं तो धर्म, मजहब सभी बेमानी हो जाते हैं । लेखक ने यहाँ मित्रता के भाव को निश्छल और सभी धर्मों से श्रेष्ठ बताया है।

खण्ड (घ)

उत्तर 11. (क) परिश्रम ही जीवन है।
कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन परिश्रम अथवा कर्म ही मनुष्य की वास्तविक पूजा-अर्चना है। इस पूजा के बिना मनुष्य का सुखी-समृद्ध होना अत्यंत कठिन है। वह व्यक्ति जो परिश्रम से दूर रहता है अर्थात कर्महीन, आलसी व्यक्ति सदैव दु:खी व दूसरों पर निर्भर रहने वाला होता है। परिश्रमी व्यक्ति अपने कर्म के द्वारा अपनी इच्छाओं की पूर्ति करते हैं। उन्हें जिस वस्तु की आकांक्षा होती है उसे पाने के लिए रास्ता चुनते हैं। ऐसे व्यक्ति मुश्किलों व संकटों के आने से भयभीत नहीं होते अपितु उस संकट के निदान का उपाय ढूँढ़ते हैं। अपनी कमियों के लिए वे दूसरों पर लांछन या दोषारोपण नहीं करते । दूसरी ओर कर्महीन अथवा आलसी व्यक्ति सदैव भाग्य पर निर्भर होते हैं। उसके अनुसार जीवन में उन्हें जो कुछ भी मिल रहा है या फिर जो भी उनकी उपलब्धि से परे है उन ईश्वर की इच्छा है। वह भाग्य के सहारे रहते हुए जीवन पर्यंत कर्म क्षेत्र से भागता रहता है। वह अपनी कल्पनाओं में ही सुख खोजता रहता है, परंतु सुख किसी मृगतृष्णा के समान सदैव उससे दूर ही भागता रहता है। किसी विद्वान ने सच ही कहा है कि परिश्रम सफलता की कुंजी है। अमेरिका, चीन, जापान आदि विकसित देश यदि उन्नत देशों में हैं तो इसलिए कि वहाँ के नागरिकों ने अथक परिश्रम किया है। दवितीय विश्वयुद्ध में भारी नुकसान के बाद भी आज यदि जापान ने विश्व जगत में अपना विशिष्ट स्थान बनाया है तो उसका प्रमुख कारण यही है कि वहाँ के लोगों में दृढ़ इच्छाशक्ति व अथक परिश्रम की भावना कूट-कूटकर भरी हुई है। किसी देश में नागरिकों की कर्म साधना और कठिन परिश्रम ही उस देश व राष्ट्र को विश्व के मानचित्र पर प्रतिष्ठित करता हैविश्वास करो, यह सबसे बड़ा देवत्व है कि-
तुम पुरुषार्थ करते मनुष्य हो
और मैं स्वरूप पाती मृत्तिका ।”

(ख) सत्संगति का महत्व
सत्संगति का अर्थ है-अच्छी संगति । वास्तव में ‘सत्संगति’ शब्द दो शब्दों से मिलकर बना है-‘सत्’ और ‘संगति’ अर्थात अच्छी संगति । अच्छी संगति का अर्थ है-ऐसे सत्पुरुषों के साथ निवास जिनके विचार अच्छी दिशा की ओर ले जाएँ। मनुष्य जिस वातावरण एवं संगति में अपना अधिक समय व्यतीत करता है उसका प्रभाव उस पर अनिवार्य रूप से पड़ता है। मनुष्य ही नहीं पशुओं एवं वनस्पतियों पर भी इसका असर होता है। मांसाहारी पशु को यदि शाकाहारी प्राणी के साथ रखा जाए तो उसकी आदतों में स्वयं ही परिवर्तन हो जाएगा । यही नहीं मनुष्य को भी यदि अधिक समय तक मानव से दूर पशु-संगति में रखा जाए तो वह भी शनै:-शनै: मनुष्य-स्वभाव छोड़कर पशु-प्रवृत्ति को ही अपना लेगा | सत्संगति के अनेक लाभ हैं। सत्संगति मनुष्य को सन्मार्ग की ओर अग्रसर करती है। सत्संगति व्यक्ति को उच्च सामाजिक स्तर प्रदान करती है। विकास के लिए सुमार्ग की ओर प्रेरित करती है। बड़ी-से-बड़ी कठिनाइयों का सफलतापूर्वक सामना करने की शक्ति प्रदान करती है और सबसे बढ़कर व्यक्ति को स्वाभिमान प्रदान करती है। सत्संगति के प्रभाव से पापी पुण्यात्मा और दुराचारी सदाचारी हो जाते हैं। ऋषियों की संगति के प्रभाव से ही वाल्मीकि जैसे भयानक डाकू महान कवि बन गए तथा अंगुलिमाल ने महात्मा बुद्ध की संगति में आने से हत्या, लूटपाट के कार्य को छोड़कर सदाचार के मार्ग को अपनाया | सन्तों के प्रभाव से आत्मा के मलिन भाव दूर हो जाते हैं तथा वह निर्मल बन जाती है । सत्संगति एक प्राण वायु है जिसके संसर्ग मात्र से मनुष्य सदाचरण का पालक बन जाता है। दयावान, विनम्र, परोपकारी एवं ज्ञानवान बन जाता है। इसलिए तुलसीदास ने लिखा है कि सठ सुधरहिं सत्संगति पाई । पारस परस कुधातु सुहाई । इस प्रकार सत्संगति का अदवितीय महत्व है जो सचमुच हमारे जीवन को दिशा प्रदान करती है। सत्संगति एक पारस है जो जीवनरूपी लोहे को कंचन बना देती है। मानव-जीवन की सर्वांगीण उन्नति के लिए सत्संगति आवश्यक है।

(ग) कम्प्यूटर : लाभ या हानि
आज का विश्व विज्ञान की नींव पर टिका है। मनुष्य ने विज्ञान के द्वारा अनेक शक्तियाँ, सुख-सुविधाएँ तथा चमत्कारी उपकरणों का आविष्कार किया है जिसमें कम्प्यूटर अत्यधिक महत्वपूर्ण और अद्भुत है । यह ऐसा इलेक्ट्रॉनिक मस्तिष्क है जिसने अपनी अनगिनत विशेषताओं के बल पर जीवन के प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में दस्तक दी है। विज्ञान और इजीनियरिंग के क्षेत्र में गणित की जटिल तथा विस्तृत गिनतियाँ, विमानों, पनडुब्बियों, शत्रु के निश्चित ठिकानों पर सटीक हमला करने वाली मिसाइलें कम्प्यूटर द्वारा ही संचालित होती हैं। मूचनाएँ एकत्र करने में कम्प्यूटर का व्यापक रूप में प्रयोग हो रहा है। चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में कम्प्यूटरीकृत मशीनों के द्वारा चिकित्सा विज्ञान नई ऊँचाइयों को छू रहा है। जीवन के प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में आज कम्प्यूटर का उसकी उपयोगिता के कारण व्यापक रूप से प्रयोग हो रहा है। रेलवे स्टेशनों, हवाई अड्डों पर कम्प्यूटर का प्रयोग आरक्षण आदि के लिए किया जा रहा है। चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में कम्प्यूटरीकृत मशीनों के आने से रोगियों का रोग पहचानने और चिकित्सा करने में सहायता ली जा रही है। प्रकाशन के क्षेत्र में कम्प्यूटर के माध्यम से ग्राफिक के रूप में अनेक प्रयोग हो रहे हैं। मनोरंजन के रूप में कम्प्यूटर आज घर-घर में पहुँच चुका है । इतने सारे लाभ के साथ इसकी कुछ हानियाँ भी हैं। इसके अधिक प्रयोग से स्वास्थ्य पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव पड़ता है। अन्तरिक्ष तथा दूर संचार के क्षेत्र में कम्प्यूटर ने क्रान्ति ला दी है। कम्प्यूटर पर इन्टरनेट की सुविधा उपलब्ध होने के साथ ही यह ज्ञान का भण्डार बन गया है। छात्रों के लिए यह वरदान साबित हो रहा है। कंप्यूटर के द्वारा वे सुगमता से गूढ़ ज्ञान को प्राप्त करने में सक्षम हो जाते हैं। आज कम्प्यूटर के बिना जीवन की कल्पना भी नहीं की जा सकती है । कम्प्यूटर के कारण प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में विकास की गति दस गुनी से लेकर हज़ार गुनी तक बढ़ी है। इन्हीं सब कारणों से कंप्यूटर को विज्ञान की अद्भुत देन माना जाता है ।

उत्तर 12. सेवा में।
मुख्य संपादक महोदय,
प्रभात खबर समाचारपत्र,
अ. ब. स. नगर ।
दिनांक: 20 मई, 20xx
विषय- सड़कों की खराब स्थिति के संदर्भ में ।
मान्यवर,
इस पत्र के माध्यम से मैं आपका ध्यान अपने क्षेत्र में वर्षा के कारण सड़कों की ख़राब स्थिति और इससे प्रतिदिन हज़ारों यात्रियों को होने वाली कठिनाइयों की ओर आकर्षित करना चाहता हूँ। इससे सड़क पर घंटों जाम लगा रहता है। समय पर दफ्तर, विद्यालय या घर पहुँचना नामुमकिन

सा हो गया है। एक बीमार यात्री की दशा तो अत्यंत दयनीय हो गई थी। इसके बहुत देर तक गाड़ियों के रुकने से वातावरण में धुएँ और धूल के कारण प्रदूषण का ज़हर फैल रहा है।

अत: आपसे अनुरोध है कि हम निवासियों के हित को ध्यान में रखते हुए इस समाचार को अपने लोकप्रिय समाचार पत्र के मुखपृष्ठ पर जगह देकर संबंधित अधिकारी का ध्यान आकृष्ट करने की कृपा करें । इससे हम सबकी समस्या शीघ्र दूर हो सकेगी।
इसके लिए हम सब आभारी रहेंगे ।
धन्यवाद!

भवदीय,
अ• ब• स•,
अ • ब. स. मोहल्ला ,
अ. ब. स. नगर,

अथवा

सेवा में,
थानाध्यक्ष महोदय,
अ. ब. स. थाना,
जयपुर
दिनांक: 02 मार्च 20xx
विषय: क्षेत्र में बढ़ती अराजकता और लूटपाट की घटनाओं पर रोक लगाने के सम्बन्ध में ।
मान्यवर,
विवश होकर कहना पड़ता है कि इन दिनों महानगर की प्रमुख गलियों से अकेले या रात में आना-जाना असहज हो गया है। कारण यह है कि जहाँ-तहाँ अराजक और अपराधी प्रवृत्ति वाले लोगों द्वारा लूटपाट और मार-पीट की घटनाओं को अंजाम दिया जा रहा है ।

विगत माह में किसी अनजान अपराधी के द्वारा एक महिला के साथ मार-पीट की घटना भी संज्ञान में आई है। लोग भय के कारण शाम होते ही घर में बंद होने लगे हैं। बच्चों और महिलाओं का घर से निकलना मुश्किल हो गया है।

अत: आपसे नम्र निवेदन है कि आपराधिक प्रवृत्ति वाले लोगों के साथ दंडात्मक कार्यवाही कर क्षेत्र में बढ़ती अराजकता और लूटपाट की घटनाओं पर रोक लगाने का प्रयास करें ताकि सभी लोग अमन-चैन से जीवन व्यतीत कर सकें।
इसके लिए हम सब आपके आभारी रहेंगे।
धन्यवाद ।

भवदीय,
अ. ब. स.,
अ • ब. स. थाना,
अ. ब. स. नगर ।

उत्तर 13.

अथवा

उत्तर 14.
राधा : श्यामा! कल रात तो पानी की कमी के कारण बुरा हाल था ।
श्यामा : हाँ, सुना है, इस बार वर्षा की कमी के कारण पानी की कमी हो जाएगी।
राधा : सही सुना है पर इसका सबसे अधिक प्रभाव पशु-पक्षियों पर पड़ेगा, मनुष्य तो कहीं न कहीं से पानी की व्यवस्था कर ही लेते हैं।
श्यामा : हाँ राधा, सही कह रही हो, पर इसका सबसे बड़ा कारण क्या है?
राधा : मालूम है, इसका बड़ा कारण असंतुलित पर्यावरण है।
श्यामा : और हाँ, यह जो अवैध खुदाई हो रही है, वह भी इसके प्रमुख कारणों में से एक है।
राधा : इससे बचने का एकमात्र उपाय वृक्षारोपण है।
धन्यवाद (दोनों एक साथ जाती हैं।)

अथवा

अमित : भाई रमन! क्रिकेट के बदलते हुए रूप ने तो लोगों का मन मोह लिया है।
रमन : हाँ, 20 : 20 ने तो एक क्रिकेट की दुनिया में हलचल-सी ला दी है।
अमित : वास्तव में, आज जिस प्रकार लोगों के पास समय की कमी है। उस स्थिति में यह तो वरदान है।
रमन : इसीलिए इसका दूसरा नाम फटाफट मनोरंजन भी है।
अमित : यहीं पर प्रत्येक खिलाड़ी की प्रतिभा दिख जाती है।
रमन : हाँ! और जो टीम 20 ओवर तक टिक जाती है वह मैच जीत जाती है।
अमित : हाँ भाई! आजकल तो विराट कोहली क्रिकेट की दुनिया का बादशाह बना हुआ है।
रमन : यथार्थ में वह अकेले ही किसी टीम को हराने या जिताने के लिए पर्याप्त है।
अमितः : ठीक है, आज का मैच दोनों टीमों के लिए महत्त्वपूर्ण है।
रमन : चलो ! चलकर मैच का आनंद उठाते हैं। धन्यवाद!

उत्तर 15.

अथवा

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi B Set 1 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi B Set 1, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 5

These Sample Papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 5

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions

• The question paper has 26 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
• Marks are indicated against each question.
• Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are Very Short Answer Type Questions. Each questions carries one mark.
• Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
• Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
• Question number 26 is a map question. It has two parts 26(A) and 26(B). 26(A) of 2 marks from History and 26(B) of 3 marks from Geography. After completion attach the map inside your answer book.
• There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in some questions. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such-questions.

Question. 1.
What is meant by das volk ?
OR
Who were called ‘Colons’ in Vietnam ?

Question. 2.
What are almanacs ?
OR
What was the thematic pattern of the novels written by Joseph Conrad ?

Question. 3.
Name the highest quality of hard coal.

Question. 4.
What does the term majoritarianism signify ?

Question. 5.
What is a debt-trap ?

Question. 6.
Mr. Thompson is the head of an MNC located in Germany and wants to invest in India. What are the different channels that are available for his company for this purpose ?

Question. 7.
Rahul goes to a cinema theatre with his family in Dehradun. What safety rules should be observed by the theater authorities ?

Question. 8.
Enumerate any three features of conservative regimes set-up in Europe following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815.
OR
What were the drawbacks of the development programmes undertaken by the French in Vietnam ?

Question. 9.
What were the effects of the spread of print culture on poor people in nineteenth century India ?
OR
Explain any three features of the early Bengali novels.

Question. 10.
Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.

Question. 11.
Vijay lives in Assam and wants to grow a beverage crop in his state. Name one important beverage crop that he shall grow in his farms and also specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.

Question. 12.
‘Federal system has two or more sets of government’. Justify the statement.

Question. 13.
Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.

Question. 14.
Mention three ways through which democracy can be improved in practical form.

Question. 15.
Neha presented Human Development Report in her class. While Pooja presented World Development Report in the same class. Pooja and Neha both talked about the development in their class but the class teacher appreciated Neha. Analyse the difference in Neha’s and Pooja’s report.

Question. 16.
Anita is a small farmer and grows groundnut in her small farm. She takes a loan from the money lender to meet the expenses of cultivation, hoping that her harvest would help repay the loan. Midway through the season the crop is hit by pests and the crop fails. She is unable to repay the moneylender and the debt grows over the year into a huge amount. What are the reasons that make Anita’s situation so risky ?

Question. 17.
On account of globalisation, what are the three ways by which countries can be connected ?

Question. 18.
By what means can the consumers express their solidarity ?

Question. 19.
The Spanish conquest and colonization of America was decisively underway by the mid-sixteenth century’. Explain with example.
OR
How had a series of inventions in the eighteenth century increased the efficacy of each step of the production process in cotton textile industry Explain.
OR
Crime became an object of widespread concern in London. Comment and state what steps were taken to control it.

Question. 20.
Describe the cultural process through which nationalism in India captured people’s imagination.
OR
Mention the features of the Gudem Hills rebellion ? What methods were adopted by the tribals to gain swaraj ?

Question. 21.
Explain some major features of Indian agriculture.

Question. 22.
Define mineral based industries with examples.
OR
Describe any five major problems faced by road transport in India.

Question. 23.
“Caste system is very much inherent in politics.” Justify.

Question. 24.
Why can modern democracies not exist without political parties ? Explain.
OR
Examine any three advantages and two disadvantages of two-party system.

Question. 25.
Priya works as a clerk in a commercial bank and gets all the benefits from her office. Name the sector in which she is working and also the advantages and benefits for workers in this sector of economy.
OR
Ramlal is a farmer in Kanpur. Salim is a technician in leather processing factory and Sheetal is a sales executive in a showroom in Delhi. Do you think the works and sectors of Ramlal, Salim and Sheetal are integrated. Explain with five suitable examples.

Question. 26.
(A) Two features (a) and (b) are marked on the given political outline map of India.
Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked near them.

(a) The place where Mahatma Gandhi broke the salt law.
(b) A place where Congress Session was held in December 1920.
(B) Locate and label the following with appropriate symbols on the same given outline map of India.
(i) Hirakund dam
(ii) Nellore (Mica Mines)
(iii) Largest producer of Jute (Mark the State)

ANSWERS

Answer. 1.
Das volk is a German word which refers to common people.
OR
The French citizens who lived in Vietnam were known as ‘Colons’.

Answer. 2.
An almanac was an annual publication giving astronomical data, information about the movement of the sun and the moon, timing of full tides and eclipse, etc.
OR
Joseph Conrad wrote novels which showed the darker side of colonial occupation.

Answer. 3.
Anthracite is the highest quality of hard coal.

Answer. 4.
The term majoritarianism signifies the belief that a majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants.

Answer. 5.
A debt-trap is a situation when it becomes impossible and difficult to repay the loan typically because high interest payments prevent repayment of the principal.

Answer. 6.
Mr. Thompson and his company can invest in India through foreign investment routes like Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investment (FII).

Answer. 7.
Adequate numbers of fire extinguishers should be installed in the premises to save the people in case of any mishappening.

Answer. 8.
The features of the conservative regimes set up in Europe after the defeat of Napolean in 1915 are:

1. They were intolerant to criticism.
2. They sought to curb activities that questioned the legitimacy of autocratic government.
3. Imposed censorship law to control what was expressed freely in newspapers, books, plays and songs. The idea of liberty and freedom associated with the French Revolution were becoming popular but they were strictly condemned.

OR
Following were the drawbacks of the developmental programmes undertaken by the French in Vietnam:

1. No steps were taken by the French to industrialise Vietnam.
2. Life of the indentured workers was miserable. Also land reforms did not create sufficient employment.
3. Education was limited to upper class people only.

Answer. 9.
The effects of the spread of print culture on poor people in nineteenth century India were as follows:

1. The poor people benefited from the spread of print culture in India with the easy availability of low-priced books and public libraries.
2. Enlightening essays were written against caste discrimination and its inherent social injustices. These essays were read by people across the country.
3. On the encouragement and support of social reformers, overworked factory workers set-up libraries for self-education. Some of them even published their own works, for example, Kashibaba and his Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal.

OR
Following were the feature of the early Bengali novels :

1. The early Bengali novels in the 19th century can be divided into two groups—the novels based on historical events and domestic novels which dealt with social problems and romantic relationship between men and women.
2. The people use to collect at a convenient place to read, discuss and judge literary works. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay read his novel Durgesh Nandini in such a group. The novel was full of twists and turns.
3. Novels were also enjoyed for its language. Prose writter by Bankim Chandra was sanskritised but novels were also written in colloquial language in Meyeli which was a women’s language.

Answer. 10.
The following points show how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water :

1. In arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan rooftop rainwater harvesting is carried out to store drinking water. While in hills and mountainous regions, people build diversion channels like guls or kuls for agriculture.
2. Inundation channels are developed by the people in Bengal to irrigate their fields, while agricultural fields have been converted into rain-fed storage structures that allowed water to stand and moisten the field like khadins in Jaisalmer and Johads in other parts of Rajasthan.
3. In Meghalaya, a 200-year-old system of tapping stream and spring water by bamboo pipes is common, which is very useful in conserving and storing water.

Answer. 11.
Since Vijay lives in Assam, he shall cultivate tea in his farms. Tea is an important beverage of north-eastern India.
The geographical conditions required for its growth are :

1. The tea plants grow in tropical and sub-tropical climates in deep fertile and well drained soil.
2. The soil should be rich in humus and organic matter. Frequent showers, evenly distributed over the year, help in the growth of lateral leaves.

Answer. 12.
As federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between the union and provinces. Usually it has two levels of government.

1. One is the government for the entire country called central or union government which looks after the subjects of national importance.
2. The other government is at the level of provinces or states that looks after the matters of state importance. Both the governments enjoy their respective powers independently.
3. In India a third tier of federalism was added as local government in the form of panchayats and municipalities or provincial governments.

Answer. 13.
Three factors that determine the outcome of politics of social divisions are as follows :

1. The way people perceive their identities : Social divisions may take place, if people demand a special recognition to their identities. If people see their identities in singular terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate and avoid social divisions.
2. Leadership provided by political leaders : The way political leaders react to the situations, the role played by political leaders and the leadership provided by them play an important role in creating or filling social divisions.
3. The reaction of the government to demands of different groups : If the government gives equal representation and equal share of power to all the major and minor group in the society, the chances of social divisions are minimized. If the government tries to suppress a demand, it could create unrest, thereby paving the way for social divisions.

Answer. 14.
Democracy can be improved in practical form through the following ways :

1. Through legal-constitutional changes : These can bring about positive changes but sometimes their result can be counter-productive. Extra care should be taken while implementing these changes.
2. Through political parties : Democratic reforms are to be brought principally through political parties. The most important concern should be to increase and improve the quality of political participation by ordinary citizens.
3. Through decentralisation of power : Democratic set-up is successful when even the have-nots have their say in the system. This increases their faith in democracy. Panchayati Raj has strengthened our democracy a lot.

Answer. 15.
The Human Development Report (HDR) is different from World Development Report (WDR) as the HDR emphasises on the overall development and quality of life of people. The WDR stresses on the rise of per capita income and the growth of economy as an indicator of development.

Human Development Report

1. This notion of development implies good and quality life.
2. Its parameters are good education healthy life and basic facilities.
3. It includes literacy rate, life expec tancy, infant mortality rate, etc., to determine the status of development of a particular area, region or country.

World Development Report

1. It stresses on rise in per capita income and growth in the economy.
2. It takes into account quantitative aspect of development.
3. It includes GDP, national income and per capita income to identify the status of development.

Answer. 16.
In the above stated situation Anita has fallen into the debt-trap.

The reasons that make Anita’s situation risky are :

1. Failure of crop due to which she was unable to repay the loan at the first step.
2. Moneylenders charged high interest rates due to which the repayment was further difficult.
3. Unavailability of any formal credit facilities force her to borrow from the moneylender.

Answer. 17.
On account of globalisation, the countries can be connected through :

1. Movement of people : Movement of people between the countries in search of better education, better jobs, better incomes, etc.
2. Movement of goods : Movement of goods and services between the countries by way of exports or imports.
3. Movement of Investment: Movement of investment and technology between the countries.

Answer. 18.
The consumers can express their solidarity by :

1. Organising themselves into consumer groups for protecting their rights.
2. Launching consumer movements.
3. Taking their complaints to their association or consumer forum and rejecting the use of commodities, produced by certain organisation.

Answer. 19.
The Spanish conquest and Colonisation of America was decisively underway by the mid-sixteenth century because of the following reasons :

1. Spanish explored and conquered vast territories ranging from North Carolina on the East coast of America to Alaska on the north-west tip of the subcontinent, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Alabana.
2. The European conquest was not due to the result of superior firepowers. The most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors was not due to the conventional military weapon but the germs of the disease such as small pox which was spread into the region.
3. America’s original inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases that came from Europe.
4. Small pox proved to be a deadly killer, once introduced, it spread into the interior of the continent, even before the Europeans could reach there, it killed and decimated the people, paving the way for the colonisation.
5. Thus, it erased whole communities, leading to their colonisation. So, this biological warfare in mid-sixteen century made it easy for Spanish to win over the Americans.

OR
A series of inventions in the 18th century increased the efficacy of each step of the production process in cotton textile industry in the ahead ways :

1. Each step include the process of carding, twisting, spinning and rolling. These techniques enhanced the output per worker, enabling each worker to produce more stronger threads and yarn.
2. Richard Arkwright created the cotton mill which enable him to set up new machines in the mill in such a way so that all the processes were brought together under our roof. Before this, cloth production was carried out within village households.
3. Spinning jenny devise by James Hargreaves in 1764, speeded up the spinning process and reduced demand for labour. By turning one single wheel, a worker could set in motion a number of spindles and could spin several threads at a time.
4. The steam engine, invented by James Watt in 1781, was used in cotton mills.
5. Factories came up in large numbers and by 1840, cotton textile became the leading sector in industrialisation. The expansion of railways also helped in the production of textile goods.

OR
London was a colossal city by 1750 with a bursting population. By 1880 the population was about 4 million. Crime flourished as London grew. It is reported that there were 20,000 criminals living in London in 1870s. The police were worried about the law and order, the philanthropists were concerned about public morality and industrialists wanted a hard-working and orderly labour force.

The following steps were taken to control crime :

1. Population of the criminals was counted, their activities were watched and their way of life was investigated.
2. Authorities imposed high penalties for crime and offered work to those who were considered the ‘deserving poor.’
3. Compulsory Elementary Education Act was passed so that children can go to school rather than involve in crime or work in underpaid factories.
4. The need for housing for the poor was recognised to stop the poor from turning rebellious.

Answer. 20.
The sense of collective belongingness among the Indians came from a united struggle of the people against the Britishers under whom they suffered oppression, suppression and cruelty. A variety of other cultural processes that helped in building the sense of collective belongings are as follows :

1. Personification of Bharat Mata : The image of India was transformed as Bharat Mata first by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Later, other artists like Abanindranath Tagore too painted the image of Bharat Mata portraying her as a calm, composed, divine and spiritual figure. People began to pledge their devotion to her as a proof of the nationalism.
2. National Song ‘Vande Matram’ : Bankim Chandra wrote ‘Vande Matram’ as a hymn to the motherland in his novel Anadamath. This song was written in Bengali and became so popular that it began to be sung widely in the nationalist movements. It played a vital role in the Indian Independence Movement and became a popular marching song for political activism and Indian freedom movement in 1905.
3. Folklore : Nationalist leaders made every possible effort to collect folk songs and legends. Rabindranath Tagore himself began to revive folk songs, dances, folk tales, cultures, etc. Natesa Shastri published a four volume collection of Tamil folktales, The Folklore of Southern India.
4. Use of Icons and Symbols : During the Swadeshi Movement, a tricolour was designed depicting signs and symbols used by both Hindus and Muslims. Gandhiji designed a Swaraj flag. Carrying and holding the flag during marches became a symbol of opposition.
5. Rediscovery of India’s Past : Britishers portrayed Indians as backward and primitive. Nationalists thought that it is necessary to discover India’s glorious past. They wrote about the achievements made by the Indians in the field of art, science, mathematics, etc., and also urged Indians to take pride in India’s glorious past.

OR
The Gudem rebellion spread in reponse to the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1921. In the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh, the militant spread guerilla movement under the leadership of Alluri Sitaram Raju against the forest laws.

1. The rebels proclaimed that he was an incarnation of God as he could make correct astrological predictions and heal people.
2. The rebellion was against preventing the forest people from entering the forests for grazing cattle, collecting fuel wood and fruits. It denied them their traditional rights over the forests and affected their livelihoods badly.
3. The tribal people were enraged by the British policy, but when the government began forcing them to contribute ‘begar’ (unpaid work) for road building, the hill people revolted against them.

The methods adopted by the tribals to attain Swaraj were violent.

The tribal people took the following steps to gain swaraj:

1. Alluri Sitaram Raju, inspired by Gandhiji and his Non-Cooperation Movement, persuaded people to adopt khadi and give up drinking habits. But, at the same time, he asserted that India could only be liberated by the use of force.
2. The Gudem rebels attacked police stations and attempted to kill British officials. They carried on their guerilla warfare and inflict losses on the British.

Answer. 21.
Some major features of agriculture in India are given below :

1. In most parts of India, agriculture is a primary activity that provides foodgrains as well as raw materials for various other industries.
2. Three types of farming are found in Indian agriculture namely primitive subsistence farming in hilly and forested areas, intensive subsistence farming in densely populated areas and commercial farming in sparsely populated area such as Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Maharashtra.
3. Indian agriculture has three cropping seasons i.e., rabi, kharif and zaid.
4. Two-third of the Indian population is engaged in agricultural activities.
5. Agricultural sector in India is now facing challenges from international competitors and sectoral limitations.

Answer. 22.
Mineral based industries : Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral based industries.

Some examples:

1. Iron and Steel Industry : Iron and steel is a basic industry and is the backbone of industrial development of any country. All other industries depend on it for their machinery.
2. Aluminium Industry : The aluminum industry consists of companies engaged in the mining and benefication of bauxite, smelting, refining and processing of alumina and aluminum alloys. Aluminium smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India.
3. Chemical industry : Its contribution is approximately 3 percent in India’s GDP.
4. Fertiliser industry : It is centered around the production of nitrogenous, phosphoric, ammonium phosphate and complex fertiliser.
5. Cement Industry : This requires limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum as raw materials.

OR
Road transportation is economical mode of transportation for smaller amount of goods and a few passengers over short and medium distances. Though they are relatively cheap and easy to construct and maintain. Road transportation in India is confronted with a number of problems.

Road transporation faces the following problems :

1. On account of its large population, India has a large volume of freight and passenger traffic, which requires a large number of vehicles. But the road network is not adequate to handle heavy traffic.
2. As most of the roads are kuccha or unmetalled, their usage is limited during the rainy season. The potholes on roads in the monsoon season lead to accidents.
3. More national highways need to be built to connect the different parts of the country.
4. The roads in the cities are highly congested and traffic jams are a constant problem. Most of the bridges and culverts are also old and narrow aggravating the problem.
5. Roadside amenities like emergency medical facilities, telephone booths, etc., are lacking. Police patrolling on the highways is not adequate. So, goods and passengers are not safe at times.

Answer. 23.
Caste system is inherent in Indian politics because it plays a dominant role in the Indian politics. It proves to be harmful for politics because it damages democratic ideals:

The above statement can be justified with the following reasons :

1. There are many caste pressure groups like the Scheduled Caste Federation, etc., which influence those who are in power by different methods to fulfil their demands.
2. Caste also plays an important role when candidates are nominated by political parties for a particular constituency. So, it weakens the political system of the country.
3. Voters, even though being illiterate, tend to vote for people who belong to their caste in the hope that they will uphold their caste interest. There is over emphasis on caste interest loyalty rather than national interest.
4. Political parties have come up to protect the interests of the backward classes. Even while ministries are formed, different castes are kept in mind.
5. The scheduled castes and tribes are given reservations in educational institutions, legislatures and government jobs. This is to remove their historically accumulated backwardness. But, it has led to strengthening of casteism and caste identity and most importantly reservation conflicts.

Answer. 24.
In a democratic set-up, political parties are required because without political parties :

1. Every candidate in the elections will be independent. No promises could be made and the utility of the government formed will remain uncertain.
2. No one will be responsible for running the country. Elected representatives will only be accountable to their constituency.
3. There will be no agency to gather and present different views on various issues to the government.
4. No one will be responsible for bringing various representatives together so as to form a responsible government.
5. There will be no mechanism to support the government, make policies and justify or oppose them.

OR
The two-party system is one in which the power alternates between two parties. Following are the three advantages of two-party system :

1. Stable government: The government in this party system would be very stable as it comes into power by a majority and, thus, there will be continuity of policies and programmes.
2. Strong opposition : In the bi-party system, the opposition will be very strong and effective as only one party forms the opposition.
3. Responsible government : This system best reconciles responsiveness with order and representative government with efficient governance.

Following are the two disadvantages of two-party system :

1. Undemocratic : Sometimes, the two-party system is considered undemocratic as the ideological choice is very limited between two parties. The opinions of people cannot be expressed properly.
2. Cabinet dictatorship : Since the party comes in the power by an absolute majority, it is difficult to remove it and it can result in the dictatorship of the cabinet.

Ans. 25.
Priya works as a clerk in a commercial bank. Commercial banks fall into organised sector of an economy.

The various advantages for the workers in an organised sector of an economy are :

1. Workers in the organised sector enjoy security of employment.
2. They work for only a fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer.
3. They get several other benefits from the employers like paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund and gratuity.
4. They also get medical benefits and under the laws, the employer has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment.
5. When they retire, these workers get pensions as well.

OR
In the above stated case Ramlal is a farmer and works in primary sector of economy, Salim being a technician falls into secondary sector of economy and since Sheetal is an executive in a showroom her work falls into tertiary sector of the economy.

All the three sectors of economy are interdependent. This can be understood with the following examples:

1. Agricultural activities produce raw materials for agro-based industries and food for employees working in secondary and tertiary sectors. It shows that industrial sector and service sector is dependent on primary sector.
2. Industrial activities produce instruments like tractor, fertiliser for agricultural inputs which increases the productivity in agricultural sector. Hence, primary sector depends on secondary sector.
3. Transportation facilities are required for transporting of agricultural products and industrial products to the market of rural and urban centres. Here, primary and secondary sectors depend on tertiary sector.
4. Industrial sector produces trucks, autos, etc., for transportation and computer and its periferals for proper banking activities and knowledge outsourcing. So, it shows that tertiary sector depends on secondary sector.
5. If farmer does not produce grain, all people will starve and employees in secondary and tertiary sectors can not work properly without food.

Answer. 26.
The answer map is given below.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 5 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 5 , drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 1

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 1.

Time allowed: 3 hours
Maximum marks : 80

General Instructions

• The question paper comprises two sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.
• All questions are compulsory.
• All questions of Section-A and B are to be attempted separately.
• There is an internal choice in two questions of three marks each and one question of five marks.
• Question numbers 1 and 2 in Section-A are one mark question. They are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
• Question numbers 3 to 5 in Section-A are two marks questions. These are to be answered in 30 words each.
• Question numbers 6 to 15 in Section-A are three marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
• Question numbers 16 to 21 in Section-A are 5 mark questions. These are to be answered in 70 words each.
• Question numbers 22 to 27 in Section-B are based on practical skills. Each question is a two marks question. These are to be answered in brief.

SECTION-A

Question 1.
Define cell respiration. [1]

Question 2.
In which year did the Ganga Action Plan came into being ? [1]

Question 3.
When soap is scrubbed on a stain of curry on a white cloth, why does it become reddish brown, and turns yellow again when the cloth is washed with plenty of water ? [2]

Question 4.
Why is the human eye considered to be special ? [2]

Question 5.
What are the different kinds of consumers seen in a food chain ? [2]

Question 6.
Give reasons for the following: [3]
(a) Why are copper and aluminium wires used as connecting wires ?
(b) Why is lead-tin alloy used for making fuse wires ?
(c) Why is tungsten used for filaments of electric lamps ?

OR

Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines around a current carrying straight conductor. How does the strength of the magnetic field produced change:
(a) With the distance from the conductor ?
(b) With an increase in current in a conductor ?

Question 7.
The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem? [3]

Question 8.
(a) Name one metal each which can be extracted by: [3]
(i) Reduction with carbon
(ii) Electrolytic reduction
(iii) Reduction with aluminium
(iv) Reduction with heat alone
(b) Give the chemical equation for any two of the above changes.

Question 9.
What is a neutralisation and displacement reaction ? Explain with an example. [3]

Question 10.
How is the opening and closing of the stomata regulated ? [3]

OR

How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximize the area for exchange of gases ?

Question 11.
Name any three glands associated with digestion in humans. Write the names of enzymes secreted by them. [3]

Question 12.
In the given electric circuit if the current flowing through 3 Ω resistor is 1 A, find the voltage of the battery and the current I drawn from it.  [3]

Question 13.
What is a homologous series ? [3]

OR

When ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄, a substance with fruity smell is produced. Answer the following:
(a) State the class of compounds to which the fruity smelling compounds belong. Write the chemical equation for the reaction and write the chemical name of the product formed.
(b) State the role of cone. H₂SO₄ in this reaction.

Question 14.
Draw a diagram showing the exact location of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland and pancreas in human beings. [3]

Question 15.
Differentiate between inherited and acquired traits. [3]

Question 16.
Explain the twinkling of stars. What causes it ? [5]

Question 17.
Explain the formation of sodium chloride. Why are they called ionic compound ? Give three point of difference between ionic and covalent compounds. [5]

OR

What are micelles ? What does it form when soap is added to water ? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also ? State briefly how the formation of micelle help to clean the clothes having oily spots.

Question 18.
Describe the different kinds of fission seen in unicellular organisms with diagram. [5]

Question 19.
Why does a conductor get heated up when an electric current flows through it ? List the factor on which the heat produced in a conductor depends ? State Joule’s law of heating. How will the heat produced in an electric circuit be affected if the resistance in the circuit is doubled for the same current ? [5]

Question 20.

The above two structures have the same formula C₄H₁₀. What is the phenomenon and what are they known as ?

Question 21.
(a) State the form in which the following are stored: [5]
(i) Unused carbohydrates in plants.
(ii) The energy derived from food in plants.
(b) Describe the process of nutrition in Amoeba with the help of diagram.

OR

What are the components of the transport system in human beings ? What are the functions of these components ?

SECTION-B

Question 22.
When you add a few drops of acetic acid to a test tube containing sodium bicarbonate powder, which of the following do you observe ? [2]
(a) No reaction takes place.
(b) A colourless gas with a pungent odour is released with brisk effervescence.
(c) Formation of bubbles of a colourless and odourless gas.
(d) A brown coloured gas with brisk-effervescence.

Question 23.
Raju needs hard water to perform an experiment in his laboratory but it is not available on a particular day. There are some salts in the laboratory which when dissolved in water can convert it into hard water. Select which of the following group can be used ? [2]
(a) Sodium chloride and potassium chloride
(b) Sodium sulphate and potassium sulphate
(c) Sodium sulphate and calcium sulphate
(d) Calcium sulphate and calcium chloride.

Question 24.
Show the different stages in binary fission of Amoeba. [2]

Question 25.
A student on observing the embryo of a gram seed listed the various parts he saw-testa, tegmen, cotyledon, micropyle, plumule and radicle. On checking the teacher found only three correct parts. These are as follows: [2]
(a) Cotyledon, testa, plumule
(b) Cotyledon, plumule, radicle
(c) Cotyledon, tegmen, radicle
(d) Cotyledon, micropyle, plumule.

Question 26.
The values of current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential difference V across the resistor are given below: [2]

Plot a graph between V and I.

OR

Draw a circuit diagram to show three resistors connected in series with a cell and a key. Write formula for the equivalent resistance R of this combination if the individual resistances of the resistors are R₁, R₂ and R₃.

Question 27.
If you focus the image of a distant object whose shape is given below, on a screen using a convex lens. [2]

The shape of the image of this object on the screen would be:

ANSWERS
SECTION-A

Answer 1.
Cell respiration can be defined as the biological oxidation of food taking place partly in the cytoplasm and partly in the mitochondria of the cell. During this oxidation, carbon dioxide and water are formed with the release of energy. This energy is stored in the cell as ATP-Adenosine Tri-Phosphate which is used when required to perform the various activities of the body.

Answer 2.
The Ganga Action Plan came into being in the year 1985. This multi-crore project came into being because the quality of water in the Ganga was very poor. Coliform bacteria, found in human intestine and whose presence indicates contamination by disease causing micro-organisms were found here. There were other dangerous contaminants too.

Answer 3.
The curry might contain turmeric powder which is the indicator of acids and bases. Soap being basic in nature turns the colour of the turmeric from yellow to reddish brown. After washing with lot of water the soap is removed and the turmeric returns of its yellow colour.

Answer 4.
The human eye is the most valuable and sensitive sense organ in our body. It helps us to see the wonderful and colourful world around us. If we close our eyes we can identify objects by their smell, sound, taste and feel. We can identify colours only by seeing them. The eye is like a camera. Its lens forms an image on the light-sensitive screen called retina. The ciliary muscles adjust the focal length of the lens so that wherever the object is placed, the image is always formed on the retina. The pupil regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye. The precious eyes are protected by being placed in hollows of the skull called orbits.

Answer 5.
In any ecosystem we find several organisms interacting with one another. The process of different types of organisms feeding on one another constitutes a food-chain. Each step of the food chain is called a trophic level. Green plants which trap solar energy and prepare food are called producers. They are eaten by the herbivores which are called primary consumers. These are further eaten by small carnivores which are called secondary consumers. They in turn are eaten by big consumers called tertiary consumers.

Answer 6.
(a) Copper and aluminium wires are used as connecting wires because they have low resistivity and are good conductors of electricity.
(b) Lead-tin alloy is used for making fuse wires because it has low melting point.
(c) Tungsten has high melting point and has great tensile strength so it is used as a filament in electric lamps.

OR

(a) The strength of a magnetic field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the conductor i.e., the strength of the electric field decreases with increase in distance.
(b) The strength of the magnetic field is directly proportional to the current passing in the wire i.e., strength of the magnetic field increases with increase in current.

Answer 7.
The person is suffering from an eye defect called myopia. In this defect, the image is formed in front of the retina. Hence, a concave lens is used to correct this defect of vision.
The object distance (μ) = ∞
The image distance (υ) = – 80 cm = – 0.8 m
Using the formula,
\(\frac { 1 }{ \upsilon } -\frac { 1 }{ u } =\frac { 1 }{ f }\)
Substituting the values, we get
\(\frac { -1 }{ 0.8 } -\frac { 1 }{ \infty } =\frac { 1 }{ f } \)
\(\frac { -1 }{ 0.8 } -0=\frac { 1 }{ f } \quad \)
\(\frac { 1 }{ f } =\frac { -1 }{ 0.8 } =-1.25D \)
A concave lens of power -1.25 D is required by the person to correct his defect.

Answer 8.
(a) (i) Zinc
(ii) Aluminium
(iii) Magnesium
(iv) Mercury

(b) (i) ZnO + C→ Zn + CO
(ii) 3MgO + 2Al→ 3Mg + Al03

Answer 9.
Whenever an acid reacts with a base it results in the formation of a salt and water and this is called neutralisation reaction.

Acid + Base = Salt + Water
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)→ NaCl(aq)+ H₂O(1)

In the above case when sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid they react and release their OH^– and H⁺ ions. These two ions combine to form water. Now sodium and chloride ions combine among themselves and form the salt sodium chloride.
Those reactions in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound, are as displacement reactions. In general, a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element compound. The examples of some important displacement reactions are given

Answer 10.
The opening and closing of stomata is regulated by the activity of the guard cells. Guard cells are 2 kidney shaped cells present on either side of the stomata. They contain chloroplast. The space between the two guard cells is called the stomatal pore. When water flows into the guard cells they swell up thereby opening the stomatal pore. When guard cells lose water they shrink and the stomatal pore closes. Stomata are present on the surface of the leaves. Generally plenty of gaseous exchange takes place through these pores for photosynthesis. As there is a tendency to lose a lot of water through these pores by transpiration, the plant tends to keep the pores closed when gaseous exchange does not take place.

OR

Lungs are elastic, spongy, moist sacs like structures. Gaseous exchange occurs between alveoli and the blood vessels surrounding alveoli. Alveoli are tiny sacs like structures present in lungs which increases the surface area for gaseous exchange and lungs contain about 300-500 million alveoli. They have very thin walls making the diffusion of gases more convenient. They are surrounded by numerous tiny blood capillaries which facilitates for efficient gaseous exchange. During inhalation the ribs moves outward and diaphragm moves downwards so the space inside the thoracic cavity increases letting more amount of oxygen to diffuse inside.

Answer 11.

Answer 12.
Given: R₂ = 3 Ω, I₂ = 1 A
V₂ = I₂ × R₂=1 ×3=3V

Answer 13.
A series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called a homologous series. Carbon atoms have the ability to be linked together to form chains of varying lengths. In addition, hydrogen atoms or atoms on these carbon chains can be replaced by any of the functional groups like alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid and so on. The presence of the functional group dictates the properties of the carbon compound regardless of the length of the carbon chain. If we consider CH₃OH, C₂H₅OH, C₃H₇OH, C₄H₉OH, their chemical properties are similar as all of them contain the OH group. As the molecular mass increases in the homologous series we can see a gradation in physical properties. The melting and boiling points increase with increasing molecular mass. Solubility in a particular solvent also increases. Chemical properties remain the same as they are determined by the functional group.

OR

Answer 14.

Answer 15.

Answer 16.
Sometimes we can see a random wavering or flickering of objects through a turbulent stream of hot air rising above a fire or a radiator. The air above the fire turns hotter than the air further up. The hotter air is lighter than the cooler air above it and the refractive index is also lesser than that of the cooler air. As the physical condition of the refracting medium (air) are not stationary, the apparent position of the object as seen through hot air fluctuates. This wavering is an effect of atmospheric refraction on a small scale in our local environment. The twinkling of stars is an effect of atmospheric refraction on a much larger scale. The starlight, on entering the earth’s atmosphere undergoes refraction continuously before reaching the earth.

Since the atmosphere bends starlight towards the normal, the apparent position of the star is slightly different from its actual position. The star appears higher than its actual position when viewed near the horizon. Moreover the position of the star keeps changing as the physical conditions of the earth’s atmosphere are not the same. As the stars are far away, the path of the light rays coming from them keeps varying slightly and the starlight entering the eye flickers. The star appears brighter at times and fainter at times, this produces the twinkling effect.

Answer 17.
Sodium chloride is formed by the combination of sodium and chloride. Sodium has the electronic configuration 2,8,1. Chloride has the electronic configuration 2,8,7. When both of them combine, sodium tends to lose one electron to chloride and become \({ Na }^{ + } \) (sodium cation). Chloride picks up that electron and becomes \({ Cl }^{ – } \) (chloride anion). Now sodium (\({ Na }^{ + } \)) gets the stable configuration of 2, 8 and chloride (\({ Cl }^{ – } \)) gets the stable configuration 2,8,8. Sodium and chloride ions, being oppositely charged, attract each other and are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction to exist as sodium chloride (NaCl). As the compound sodium chloride is formed by the combination of sodium and chloride ions, the oppositely charged ions.

OR

A soap molecule has two parts; one is non-polar, hydrophobic and other is polar-hydrophilic. When soap is added to it, the polar ends dissolve in water while the non-polar end dissolve in each other. As a result, micelle formation takes place. Since soap is soluble in ethanol, micelle formation does not take place. The micelle formation takes place because their hydrocarbon chains come together and the polar ends are projected outwards. The dirt present on clothes is organic in nature and insoluble in water. Therefore, it cannot be removed by only washing with water. When soap is dissolved in water, its hydrophobic ends attach themselves to the dirt and remove it from the cloth. Then, the molecules of soap arrange themselves in micelle formation and trap the dirt at the centre of the cluster. These micelles remain suspended in the water. Hence, the dust particles are easily rinsed away by water.

Answer 18.
Fission or cell division leads to the creation of new individuals in unicellular organisms. There are different patterns of fission. Many bacteria and protozoa just split into two equal halves during cell division. In Amoeba, fission can take place in any plane.

Other unicellular organisms like Leishmania show binary fission along a definite plane. Leishmania is a protozoan that causes the disease kala-azar. It has a better organisation in its body and has a long whip like flagellum at one end.

Other unicellular organisms like the malarial parasite, Plasmodium divide into several daughter cells at the same time by the process of multiple fission.
Another unicellular organism like yeast develops a large number of buds which separate from the parent body by fission. These buds then start growing further into new individuals.

Answer 19.
When an electric current is passed through a conductor it gets heated. This is the heating effect of current. It is obtained by the transformation of electrical energy into heat energy. A battery of a cell is the source of electrical energy. The chemical reaction within the cell generates the potential difference between its two terminals that sets the electrons in motion to make the current flow through a resistor. The source has to keep expending its energy. A part of the source energy in maintaining the current is consumed into useful work and the rest of it is expended as heat.
The heat produced in a wire is directly proportional to:

1. The square of the current (\({ I }^{ 2 } \)).
2. Resistance of wire (R).
3. Time (t) for which the current passes.

Joule’s law states that when a current of I amperes flows in a wire of resistance of R ohms for time t seconds, the heat produced in the conductor is equal to the product of the square of the current, resistance of the wire and time for which the current is passed.
By Joule’s law of heating, H = \({ I }^{ 2 } \) x R x t
As H ∝ R, therefore if the resistance in the circuit is doubled, heat produced will also double.

Answer 20.
The given two structures have the same formula C₄H₁₀. However their structures are different. Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formula are called structural isomers. All carbon compounds which have just carbon and hydrogen in them are called hydrocarbons. Compounds of carbon which have single bonds between the carbon atoms are called saturated hydrocarbons. They are known as alkanes. The other compounds of carbon which have double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms are called unsaturated hydrocarbons. They include, alkenes and alkynes

Answer 21.
(a)

1. Unused carbohydrates are stored as starch in plants.
2. The energy derived from food is stored in the form of ADP-Adenosine Di-Phosphate and ATP- Adenosine Tri-phosphate.

(b) Nutrition in Amoeba : Amoeba is the simplest form of unicellular animals. It consumes food using its pseudopodia or false feet. They are temporary finger-like projections which can develop at any time. They grow and fuse around the food particle. This results in the formation of the food vacuole. Inside the food vacuole the food particle is digested with the help of enzymes and broken down into simpler substances. These are then absorbed into the cytoplasm. The remaining unwanted material is sent out of the cell.

OR

The components of the transport system in human beings are :

1.  Heart: It is the central pumping organ which pumps blood to various parts of the body.
2.  Blood : It is a mobile, red coloured fluid that circulates within the blood vessels in the body. It supplies nutrients and oxygen to all the living cells and removes waste products and carbon dioxide from them.
3.  Blood vessels: They are elastic muscular tubes which carry blood. There are three kinds of blood vessels:
   (a) Arteries : They carry oxygenated blood from heart to different parts of the body except pulmonary artery.
   (b) Veins : They carry de-oxygenated blood to heart from different parts of the body except pulmonary vein.
   (c) Capillaries : They are thin walled, narrow blood vessels which connect arteries and veins. Through capillaries exchange of gases, diffusion of nutrients, waste products etc. occurs between body cells and blood.
4.  Lymph : It carries digested and absorbed fat from intestine to other tissues as well as drains excess fluid from extracellular space back into the blood.

SECTION-B

Answer 22.
(c) Formation of bubbles of a colourless and odourless gas.

Answer 23.
(d) Calcium sulphate and calcium chloride.

Answer 24.
Binary fission means the splitting of the parent cell into two cells. It is a kind of asexual reproduction in Amoeba. The two equal sized cells are called off-springs and they have a copy of their parent’s generic material.

Answer 25.
(c) Cotyledon, tegmen, radicle.

Answer 26.
The graph between V and I plotted by using the given data is shown below:

OR

If Rs is the equivalent resistance of the given parallel combination, then

R_S = R₁ + R₂  + R₃

Answer 27.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science paper 1 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science paper 1, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 3

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 3

Time allowed: 3 hours
Maximum marks : 80

General Instructions

• The question paper comprises two sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.
• All questions are compulsory.
• All questions of Section-A and B are to be attempted separately.
• There is an internal choice in two questions of three marks each and one question of five marks.
• Question numbers 1 and 2 in Section-A are one mark question. They are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
• Question numbers 3 to 5 in Section-A are two marks questions. These are to be answered in 30 words each.
• Question numbers 6 to 15 in Section-A are three marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
• Question numbers 16 to 21 in Section-A are 5 mark questions. These are to be answered in 70 words each.
• Question numbers 22 to 27 in Section-B are based on practical skills. Each question is a two marks question. These are to be answered in brief.

SECTION-A

Question 1.
Name one flower that has both stamen and pistil.  [1]

Question 2.
Which enzyme is present in saliva and what is its function ?  [1]

Question 3.
What is metallic lustre ? How are metals found in nature ? What is gangue ?  [2]

Question 4.
What is accommodation of the eye ? When does the maximum accommodation of a normal eye reached.  [2]

Question 5.
“Burning of fossil fuels results in global warming.” Give reasons to justify this statement.  [2]

Question 6.
Define absolute and relative refractive index ?  [3]

OR

Draw ray diagrams to show the formation of three times magnified (a) real, and (b) virtual image of an object by a convex lens. Mark the positions of O, F, 2F in the diagrams.

Question 7.
An electric oven of 2 kW power rating is operated in a domestic electric circuit (220 V) that has
a current rating of 5 A. What results do you expect ? Explain.  [3]

Question 8.
What are the indicators that suggest that a chemical reaction has taken place ? Give two examples of combination reaction.  [3]

Question 9.
What happens when a magnesium ribbon is burnt in air ? What kind of change is it ? Why magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air ?  [3]

Question 10.
What are homologous organs ? What do they point to ? Give an example.  [3]

OR

What are the different modes of reproduction seen in unicellular organisms ? Give examples.

Question 11.
Compare anaerobic and aerobic respiration.  [3]

Question 12. 
(a) What is a coulomb ?  [3]
(b) Define electric circuit. Give the circuit diagram of a typical electrical circuit.

Question 13.
Why should a chemical equation be balanced ? Balance the following equations:  [3]
(a) HNO₃ + Ca(OH)₂ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + H₂O
(b) NaCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl + NaNO₃

OR

Why is respiration considered an exothermic reaction ? Explain.

Question 14.
What was Chipko Andolan ? How did this Andolan ultimately benefit the local people and the environment ?  [3]

Question 15.
How is food digested in the small intestine ? What are the different substances that act upon and break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats.  [3]

Question 16.
It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal
length of 12 cm.  [5]

1.  What should be the range of distance of an object placed in front of the mirror ?
2.  Will the image be smaller or larger than the object ? Draw ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case.
3.  Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24 cm in front of the mirror ? Draw ray diagram for this situation also to justify your answer.

Show the positions of pole, principal focus and the centre of curvature in the above ray diagrams.

Question 17.
Both soap and detergent are some type of salts. What is difference between them ? Describe in brief the cleansing action of soap. Why do soaps not form lather in hard water ? List two problems that arise due to the use of detergents instead of soaps.  [5]

OR

1.  How can we convert unsaturated hydrocarbon into saturated hydrocarbon ?
2.  How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid on the basis of a chemical property ?

Question 18.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of the human brain. Write down the functions of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata ?  [5]

Question 19.

1.  How is the strength of the magnetic field at a point near a straight conductor related to the strength of the electric current flowing in the conductor ?  [5]
2.  With the help of a diagram describe an activity to show that a straight conductor carrying current produces a magnetic field around it. State the rule which maybe used to determine the direction of magnetic field thus produced.
3.  Why do two magnetic field lines never intersect each other ?

Question 20.
What is the major difference between Mendeleev’s periodic table and the Modem Periodic Table ? Discuss the trend in the modem periodic table with regard to valency and atomic size.  [5]

Question 21.
What is a good source of energy ? Name some non-conventional sources of energy that man is trying to use now-a-days. What will be the environmental consequence of these energy
sources that man needs to be careful about ?  [5]

OR

1. What are fossil fuels and why are they called so ?
2. How are they important for us ?
3. Name two fossil fuels ?
4. Give some methods to conserve fossil fuels ?

SECTION-B

Question 22.
When water is slowly added to calcium oxide or quick lime in a beaker the solution turns hot. Why ?  [2]

Question 23.
Why are tarnished copper vessels washed in lemon or tamarind juice ?  [2]

Question 24.
A student was asked to observe the permanent slide of yeast showing asexual reproduction. What was the process he saw ? Let him draw the diagram.  [2]

Question 25.
Name the type of asexual reproduction in which two individuals are formed from a single parent and the parental identity is lost. Write the first step from where such a type of reproduction begins. Draw first two stages of this reproduction.  [2]

Question 26.
Tina got her eyes tested and doctor recommended -3D lens for correcting her vision.  [2]

1. What kind of eye defect is Tina suffering from ?
2. What could be the cause of this defect ?

OR

Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image by a convex lens when an object is placed in front of the lens between its optical centre and principal focus.

Question 27.
If a student wants to connect four cells of 1.5 V each to form a battery of voltage 6 V, then how would he draw the symbol of the battery ?  [2]

ANSWERS
SECTION-A

Answer 1.
Hibiscus plant has both stamen and pistil.

Answer 2.
Salivary amylase is present in saliva and its function is to break down starch into sugar.

Answer 3.
Metallic lustre refers to the shining appearance of metals in their pure state. Metals are usually found in the form of minerals in nature. A mineral contains a high percentage of the metal. These minerals are called ores. Ores mined from the earth contain a lot of impurities like soil, sand etc. called gangue.

Answer 4.
The ability of an eye to focus the distant objects as well as the nearby objects on the retina by changing the focal length of its lens is called accommodation. The maximum accommodation of a normal eye is reached when the object is at a distance of about 25 cm from the eye.

Answer 5.
Burning of fossil fuels produces green house gases like CO, CO₂ etc. High concentration of these gases in the atmosphere causes insulation, creates green house effect and causes global warming.

Answer 6.
Absolute refractive index: It is the refractive index of the medium defined with respect to a vacuum. It is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. It is always greater than one.
Relative refractive index: It is the refractive index of the medium defined relative to another medium. It is the ratio of speed of light in one medium (other than vacuum or air) to the speed of light in another medium

OR

(a) To get three times magnified real image,the object has to be placed between F₁ and 2F₁

(b) To get three times magnified virtual image, the object is placed between F₁ and the optical centre O.

Answer 7.
An electric oven of 2 kW rating means it has a total power of 2 x 1000 = 2000 W. Now this is operated in a domestic circuit of 220 V. Hence, the current flowing will be 2000 W/220 V. This means that the 1 current drawn by the electric oven is 9.09 A which is very high but the fuse in this circuit is only of 5 A capacity. So, when a very high current of 9.09 A flows through the 5 A fuse, the fuse wire will get heated too much, melt and break the circuit, cutting off the power supply.

Answer 8.
The indicators that suggest that a chemical reaction has taken place are as follows :

• Change in state,
• Change in colour,
• Change in temperature,
• Evolution of a gas,
• Formation of precipitate.

Examples of combination reaction are:

Answer 9.
When magnesium ribbon is burnt in air, it bums with a dazzling white flame. It undergoes oxidation and forms magnesium oxide. It is a chemical change irreversible in nature.
It is cleaned before burning in air in order to remove the protective layer of basic magnesium carbon¬ate from its surface so that it may readily combine with oxygen present in the air to form magnesium oxide.

Answer 10.
Homologous organs are the organs having the same structure but different functions. They point to a common ancestor. They help to identify an evolutionary relationship between apparently different species. Some examples are the forelimb of a frog, the forelimb of a lizard, the wing of a bird and the hand of humans. However all similarities in organ shape does not imply a common ancestry. If we consider the wings of bats and birds we find they have the same function but different structure. The wing of bat is made up of a fold of skin, the wing of birds is made up of feathers. This means they are not homologous but analogous.

OR

The different modes of reproduction seen in unicellular organisms are fission and budding.
In Amoeba, cell division leads to the formation of two new individuals. When two individuals are formed it is called binary fission. Binary fission is also seen in Leishmania, When many individuals are formed as in Plasmodium it is called multiple fission. In yeast, many small buds are formed in the parent body which separate and form new individuals.

Answer 11.

Answer 12.
(a) Coulomb is the S.I. unit of electric charge. It is equivalent to the charge contained in
6 x 10¹⁸ electrons.
(b) A continuous conducting path consisting of wires and other resistances (like electric bulb, etc.) and a switch, between the two terminals of a cell or a battery along which an electric current flows, is called an electric circuit.
The circuit diagram of a typical electrical circuit is given below:

Answer 13.
As per the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed in a chemical reaction. So the total mass of the elements present in the products of a reaction has to be equal to the total mass of the elements in the reactants. This means the number of atoms of each element remains the same before and after a chemical reaction.

• 2HNO₃ + Ca(OH)₂ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O
• NaCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl + NaNO₃

OR

In human beings, energy is obtained from the food we eat. During digestion of food, large molecules of food like carbohydrates, proteins etc. are broken down into simpler substances such as glucose, amino acids etc. Glucose combines with oxygen in the cells and provides energy. The special name of this combustion reaction, Since energy is released in the whole process, it is an exothermic process.

Answer 14.
Chipko movement means “hug the tree” it is one of the movements in India to conserve biodiversity. It was started by Sunder Lai Bahuguna. This movement originated in Reni Village of Garhwal. To stop the contractor from falling of trees women in the village clasped to the trunk of the tree. Its benefits were:

• Existing forest cover was protected, reducing landslides and soil erosion. It actually protected environment
  and maintained ecological balance.
• Forest wealth could be utilized for food, fodder, fuel, fertilizers and fibres.

Answer 15.
The small intestine is the part where complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats takes place. The secretions of the liver and pancreas reach the small intestine. The digested food from the stomach is acidic and it mixes with the bile juice from the liver to change to alkaline medium for the pancreatic enzymes to act on it. Bile salts break down the big fat globules into smaller parts for further digestion. Pancreatic juice has enzymes like trypsin to act on proteins and lipase to act on emulsified fats. The walls of the small intestine have glands that secrete the intestinal juice. They convert protein to amino acids, carbohydrates to glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Answer 16.
(a) Range of distance should be 0 cm to < 12 cm.
(b) The image will be larger than the object.

(c) Image will be formed at a distance of 24 cm in front of the mirror

Answer 17.
Soaps are made up of sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxyic acids.
Detergents are sodium salts of bezene sulphonic acid.
Cleansing action of soaps :
One part of soap is ionic, it is hdrophilic and dissolves in water. The other part is non-ionic consists of hydrocarbon chain and is hydrophobic in nature which is insoluble in water but dissolves in oil. Thus, soap molecules arrange themselves in the form of a micelle. On rinsing with water, soap is washed off, lifting the oily dirt particles with it. Soap does not form lather in hard water because of the reaction of soap with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions present in hard water which forms insoluble precipitate called as scum.
Problems due to the use of detergents are:

• Detergents are non-biodegradable.
• It leads to water or air pollution that can also cause the skin problems.

OR

(a) By the addition reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbon with halo atom in the presence of catalyst.

HC = CH + H₂ \(\xrightarrow [ 5700K ]{ Ni }\) CH₃ – CH₃
R₂C = CR₂ + H₂ \(\underrightarrow { Ni } \) R₂HC – CHR₂ (Vegetable Gee)
This reaction is known as Hydrogenation reaction.

(b) Take alcohol and a carboxylic acid in two separate test tubes. Add sodium hydrogen carbonate in both the test tubes. The test tube, from which the effectiveness evolves, contains carboxlyic acid. The effervesecence is due to the evolution of carbon dioxide gas. However, from test tube containing alcohol there is no effervescence, because no carbon dixode gas is produced there.

Answer 18.
The cerebellum is a part of the hind-brain and it is responsible for voluntary actions and for main-taining balance and posture of the body. The medulla also a part of the hind-brain controls many involuntary actions like maintaining the blood pressure, salivation and vomiting. Moreover the medulla is the connection between the brain and the spinal cord.

Answer 19.
(a) The magnetic field produced around a straight current carrying conductor increases on increasing the strength of current in the conductor or vice-versa.

(b) Take a straight conductor XY and pass it through the centre of a cardboard. Connect the ends of the conductor to the terminals of a battery through a rheostat Rh, a key K and ammeter A, so that the current flows from Y to X, as shown in the figure given alongside:
Sprinkle some iron filings on the cardboard. When the cardboard is tapped, the iron filings will arrange themselves in concentric circles. These concentric circles will represent the magnetic field lines. This shows that around a straight current carrying conductor, there exist a magnetic field and the magnetic field is in the form of concentric circles with the conductor as centre.

Maxwell’s right hand thumb rule is used to determine the direction of magnetic field for a known direction of current. If the thumb of the right hand points along the direction of current then the curled fingers of that hand gives the direction of the magnetic field due to the current. When thumb is upwards, the curled fingers are anticlockwise. So, magnetic field is anticlockwise. When thumb is downwards, the curled fingers are clockwise. So, magnetic field is clockwise.

(c) The two magnetic field lines can never intersect each other because two tangents can be drawn from that point of intersection which will give two directions of the field from the same point, which is impossible. So, the two magnetic field lines can never intersect each other.

Answer 20.
In Mendeleev’s periodic table, the elements are arranged in the order of their increasing atomic masses. In the Modem Periodic Table, the elements are arranged in the order of their increasing atomic numbers. Position of isotopes was not justified in Mendeleev’s periodic table while the Modem Periodic Table found a proper place for the isotopes. Position of hydrogen was a problem in r Mendeleev’s table while the Modem Periodic Table gave hydrogen a unique position due to its resemblance to both alkalies and halogens.

The trend in the Modem periodic Table with regard to valency is that elements are arranged in the order of increasing valency. Regarding atomic size it increases as we go down the group.

Answer 21.
A good source of energy should have the following features.

• It must do a large amount of work per unit volume or mass.
• It must be easily accessible.
• It must be easy to store and transport.
• It must be economical.

Some of the non-conventional sources of energy that man is trying to use these days are solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy, ocean thermal energy, geothermal energy and nuclear energy.
However these sources of energy need to be commercially viable and cost-effective in the long run. In India solar energy is a very viable option due to the availability of the bright sun for long hours during a major part of the year. However the cost of the solar cells is so high that at this point it is too expensive for domestic use. May be it could be a cost effective viable option in the future. Environ- [ mental consequence of using nuclear energy is finding a proper storage and disposal of spent or used fuels. Improper storage and disposal can lead to environmental contamination,

OR

(a) Fossil fuels are obtained by degradation of dead remains of plants and animals which are buried under the surface of earth over a million years ago. The are called so as they are produced by degradation of biomass over a million years ago.
(b) They are an important source of fuels. Petroleum products like petrol, diesel etc. are used as fuel in automobiles. Coal is used to thermal power plants to generate electricity and also used as a fuel for domestic purposes.
(c) The two fossil fuels are coal and petroleum.
(d) Methods of conserving fossil fuels are :

• Use of CNG in place of petrol and diesel as a fuel in automobiles.
• Switching to renewable sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric energy instead of using non-renewable energy sources like fossil fuels.
• Wastage during extraction and transporation of fossil fuels should be minimized.
• Protecting them from accidental fires.

Over consumption and wastage of petrol or diesel should be checked in a automobiles by proper servicing and efficient internal combustion engines.

Answer 22.
When water is slowly added to calcium oxide or quick lime in a beaker the solution turns hot as heat is given off, because it is an exothermic reaction.
CaO(s) + H₂O(I) → Ca(OH)₂(aq)

Answer 23.
Tarnished copper vessels are washed with lemon or tamarind juice because the acid in the lemon or tamarind juice helps to remove the corrosion that has created a coating of brown or black colour on the copper vessel.

Answer 24.
The student saw the process of budding in yeast.

Answer 25.
Binary fission is the type of asexual reproduction in which two individuals are formed from a single parent and the parental identity is lost. This reproduction starts from division of nucleus i.e., karyokinesis.

Answer 26.
(a) Tina is suffering from myopia or short sightedness.
(b) Two possible causes of this defect are :

• Increase in the size of the eyeball.
• Decrease in the focal length of eye lens.

OR

Answer 27.
If the student wants to connect four cells of 1.5 V each to form a battery of 6 V, then he has to connect them in series.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 3 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 3, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Communicative Set 2

These Samaple papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Communicative. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Communicative Set 2

Time allowed: 3 hours
Maximum marks: 80

General Instructions

❖ The question papers divided into three sections :
Section A : Reading 20 marks
Section B : Writing and Grammar 30 marks
Section C : Literature 30 marks
❖ All questions are compulsory.
❖ You may attempt any section at a time.
❖ All questions of that particular section must be attempted in the correct order.

SECTION-A : READING
(Attempt all question from this section)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :
1. Fleas are perfectly designed by nature to feast on anything containing blood. Fleas are ideally equipped to do what they do, making them very difficult to defeat. The bodies of these tiny parasites are well-suited for their job.
2. A flea has a very hard exoskeleton, which means the body is covered by a tough, tile-like plate called a sclerite. Because of these plates, fleas are almost impossible to squish. The exoskeletons of fleas are also waterproof and shock resistant and therefore, fleas are highly resistant to the sprays and chemicals used to kill them.
3. Little spines are attached to this plate. The spines lie flat against the flea’s thin, narrow body as the flea scurries through an animal’s fur in search of food. If anything tries to pull a flea off the hair coat, these spines extend and stick to the fur like velcro.
4. Fleas are some of the best jumpers in the natural world. A flea can jump seven inches, or 150 times its own length, either vertically or horizontally. An equivalent jump for a person would be 555 feet. Fleas can jump 30,000 times in a row without stopping and they are able to accelerate through the air at an incredibly high rate.
5. Fleas have very long rear legs with huge thigh muscles and multiple joints. Several of their joints contain a protein called resilin, which helps catapult fleas into the air as they jump. Outward facing claws on the bottom of their legs grip anything they touch when they land.
6. The adult female flea mates after her first blood meal and begins producing eggs in just 1 to 2 days. One flea can lay up to 50 eggs in one day and over 2,000 in her lifetime. Rea eggs can be seen with the naked eye, but they are about the size of a grain of salt. Shortly after being laid, the eggs begin to transform into cocoons. In the cocoon state, fleas are fully developed adults, and will hatch immediately if conditions are favourable. If not, it can remain dormant in the cocoon state for extended periods. Under ideal conditions, the entire life cycle may only take 3 weeks. Because of these characteristics, fleas are intimidating opponents. The best way to control fleas, therefore, is to take steps to prevent an infestation from ever occurring.

1.1. Attempt any eight of the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read: [1 x 8 = 8]
(i) What is the primary purpose of the passage ?
(ii) What is the author’s tone in the passage ?
(iii) According to the passage, why fleas are resistant to sprays and chemicals ?
(iv) How do little spines on it back help the fleas ?
(v) How are fleas considered to be great jumpers ?
(vi) How does the protein resilin help the fleas ?
(vii) How does the flea eggs protect themselves ? .
(viii) How long is the life cycle of a flea ? .
(ix) What is the best way to keep the fleas out ?

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow : [12]
1. Parsons and Markwardt are the two characters of the story. They are both blind, but that is where the resemblance ends. Parsons is introduced to us as a gentleman, a person who is successful in life as he has made it his business to take his handicap as something which is unavoidable and does not allow it to stand in his way. Parsons is grateful that he has been given the gift of life and is an insurance agent whereas earlier he had been nothing more than a skilled labourer.
2. On the other hand there is Markwardt, who uses his blindness to gain sympathy from all those he meets and he turns into a common beggar. Fate brings the two men together. Markwardt attempts to sell Parsons a cigarette lighter and on being questioned about the cause of his blindness, he tells Parsons an all too familiar tale.
3. Markwardt relates the story of an incident which had taken place fourteen years earlier, a chemical explosion at C shop at the Westbury plant. In this explosion a hundred and eight people had been killed and two hundred injured. According to Markwardt he was one of those who had been crawling to safety when another man had climbed on top of him, hauled him back, trampled him and got out. At this point of the story. Parsons tells him that the story is true, except for one detail- Parsons had been the one who had been trampled upon by Markwardt.
4. We now realise the difference between the two men. It is a fact that both are blind, but it is only Markwardt who does not see and has no eyes. Parsons sees the beauty in life and thanks God for giving him life. He celebrates the fact that he is alive and makes use of the faculties he still has. Markwardt is truly blind, wrapped up in his disability and self-pity, so plagued by his guilt that perhaps he has rationalised the fact that he is the one to blame for another’s handicap or perhaps death. It appears as though he actually believes what he is saying. The story has a message for the reader, a message that tells us to look at life positively and make the most of all God’s blessings.

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in about 30-40 words each: [2 x 4 = 8]
(i) Who was the blind beggar who met Mr. Parsons? Describe him.
(ii) Why is it said that Mr. Parsons was glad to be alive?
(iii) How had Markwardt got blind?
(iv) What was the flaw in Markwardt’s story?
(v) How does Parsons see life?

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, fill in any two of the following blanks with appropriate words/phrases. [1 x 2 = 2]
(i) Parson does not allow his
(ii) Markwardt uses his
(iii) The story has a message that tells us

2.3. Attempt any two of the following. Find out the words that mean the same as below:
[1 x 2 = 2]
(i) Compulsory (Para 1)
(ii) Crushed under feet (Para 3)
(iii) Rejoice (Para 4)

SECTION-B : WRITING AND GRAMMAR
(Attempt all question from this section)

Question 3.
(a) You are Chandran/ Chandra of Class X of Vels International School, Mogappair, Chennai. Write a letter to the Manager of the Sports Store, Meerut, complaining about a defective sports watch you purchased from their store. Write as a Sports Secretary of your school. [8]

OR

(b) Reply to ‘Placing an Order’. You are the Manager of Victory Sports Company. Write a reply to the above letter stating your quotation for the enquiry made therein.

Question 4.
Write a short story, in about 200-250 words, with any one set of the cues given below. [10]
It came upon the midnight, the sound of a hundred frogs all bellowing, while the moon shone through the trees and all else calm.

OR

Meghna had just finished reading “Moby Dick” by Herman Melville as part of her English Project. She was tired after reviewing the book and was tired and …

Question 5.
Fill in any four of the following blanks choosing the most appropriate option from the ones given below. Write the answers in your answer-sheet against the correct blank numbers.
[1 x 4 = 4]
(a) I will arrive …………………. six o’clock.
(i) at
(ii) in
(iii) by
(iv) to

(b) He has been gone ……………………. Friday.
(i) for
(ii) from
(iii) since
(iv) by

(c) She is leaving …………….. five minutes.
(i) at
(ii) in
(iii) from
(iv) since

(d) I have known her ……………… last year.
(i) since
(ii) to
(iii) for
(iv) from

(e) We expect them ……………….. Wednesday.
(i) to
(ii) for
(iii) from
(iv) in

(f) We waited ………………… fifteen minutes.
(i) at
(ii) for
(iii) before
(iv) by

Question 6.
In the following passage one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word, in any four sentences of the given paragraph, along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in the space provided. [1 x 4 = 4]

Question 7.
Rearrange any four of the following word clusters to make meaningful sentences. [1 x 4 = 4]
(a) Next/year/will/ a/ build/ they/bridge/new
(b) new/a/ planet/astronomers/British/discovered
(c) Beri/ design/ will/ her/ Ritu/ costume
(d) deliver/my/ today/will/they/ on/computer/Monday
(e) students/ of/ one/the/ window/ the/ broke

SECTION-C : LITERATURE
(Attempt all question from this section)

Question 8.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Write the answer in your answer sheets in one or two lines only.  [1 x 4 = 4]
(a) If it’s an old tiger, I think you ought to get it a lot cheaper. A thousand rupees is a lot of money.
(i) Who is the speaker and whom is she addressing ?
(ii) What is she talking about and why ?
(iii) Is there any truth in what Miss Mebbin is saying ?
(iv) Find the synonym of the word ‘inexpensive.’

OR

(b) At length did cross an Albatross,
Through the fog it came;
As it had been a Christian soul,
We hailed it in God’s name.
(i) What situation is the mariner in as he speaks this verse ?
(ii) Why does the mariner call the Albatross a Christian soul ?
(iii) What does ‘we hailed it in God’s name’ mean ?
(iv) Find the synonym of the word ‘welcomed’.

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: [2 x 4 = 8]
(i) Describe the scene of how Ali went to the post office hoping to receive a letter from his daughter.
(ii) ‘The ticket office gross crashed’— Explain with reference to ‘The Frog and the Nightingale.’
(iii) How and when does the mariner realise that God loves all creatures ?
(iv) What kind of a person is Henry Slater ?
(v) Can Calpumia’s dreams and fears be justified ?

Question 10.
Attempt any one out of the two following long answer type questions in 100-120 words. [8]
(a) Discuss as to why the ghosts are announcing a strike to John Hallock, the writer in ‘The Shady Plot.’

OR

(b) Was it because Calpumia was a woman that Caesar and his aides did not listen to her dreams and fears ? Explain.

Question 11.
(a) Answer the following question based on prescribed novel text for extended reading in about 200¬250 words. [10]

The Diary of a Young Girl

(i) Discuss the period during the end of the hiding of Anne Frank’s family and its interpretations.

OR

(ii) Discuss how Anne finds friendship and more with Peter in the close confines of the hiding and what does it represent.

(b) Answer the following questions based on the prescribed novel text for extended reading in about 200-250 words.

The Story of My Life

(i) Discuss Helen Keller’s early days of coping with her disabilities and the changes that came when Ms. Anne Sullivan enters in her life.

OR

(ii) Explain Helen Keller’s education in the early stages at the arrival of Ms. Anne Sullivan.

ANSWERS
SECTION-A

Answer 1.
1.1. (i) The primary purpose of the passage is to explain why a flea infestation is hard to get rid of.
(ii) The author’s tone is best described as informative.
(iii) The fleas are resistant to the sprays and chemicals because they have waterproof sclerites.
(iv) The little spines extend and stick like velcro when they are pulled away from the animal’s fur.
(v) A flea are best jumpers because they can jump seven inches, or 150 times its own length, either vertically or horizontally.
(vi) The protein resilin helps the fleas to catapult them into the air when they jump.
(vii) The flea egg, once they are formed into cocoon, remains dormant until conditions are favourable for them to emerge.
(viii) The entire life cycle only takes 3 weeks.
(ix) The best way to control fleas, is to take steps to prevent an infestation from ever occurring.

Answer 2.
2.1. (i) The blind beggar who met Mr. Parson is Markwardt who is bitter and uses his handicap
to create pity and beg. He is negative and has not moved forward to make something of his life.
(ii) Mr. Parsons is glad to be alive and that he can still make use of his other faculties to earn
and do better in life. He is thankful to God for blessing him. ‘
(iii) Markwardt got blind in a chemical explosion at C shop at the Westbury plant. He lies about his own situation whenever he can that someone else pushed him backwards when he tried to escape.
(iv) The flaw in Markwardt story is that it was he who had pushed Mr. Parsons and trampled upon while escaping the explosion and not the other way around as he tries to portray all along that he was the person to be pitied.
(v) Mr Parsons looks at life positively, he is glad that he is alive and has got the opportunity to become an insurance agent while he was just a skilled labourer earlier. He is happy to make use of his other faculties to earn a decent living.

2.2. (i) Parson does not allow his handicap to come in his way.
(ii) Markwardt uses his blindness to gain sympathy from all and he turns into a common beggar.
(iii) The story has a message that tells us to look at life positively and make the most of all God’s blessings.

2.3. (i) Unavoidable
(ii) Trampled
(iii) Celebrate

SECTION-B

Answer 3.
(a)
Vels International School,
Mogappair,
Chennai
27 September, 20XX
The Manager Sports Store,
Meerut.

Sub.: Defective stop watches purchased on 25 September 20XX

Sir,

I am writing this to express my extreme displeasure at the quality of the sports watches I purchased from your store two days ago.

As soon as I reached the school and opened the packet, I realised that two of the four watches I had purchased were not working. The third one has started giving trouble since yesterday. The button to stop is quite inflexible.

Understandably, I am disappointed at this purchase. Our school’s sport meet is around the comer where in these watches are needed urgently.

I was not able to check those watches properly on the day of purchase as I was in a hurry. But the salesman had advised me to buy them and I had trusted him.

I do hope that you would show me some consideration and either repair or replace these stop watches.

Thank you.

Yours sincerely,
Chandran
(Sports Secretary)

OR

(b)
M/s. Victory Sports Company,
23, Hapur Road,
Meerut 13 June, 20XX
The Sports Secretary,
Caldwell Memorial School,
Beach Road, Tuticorin,
Tamil Nadu

Sub.: Delay in the delivery of the Items.

Sir,

With reference to your letter dated 1 June 20XX, this is to inform you that two of the goods you had ordered i.e., footballs and cricket bats are presently not in stock. However, we shall be getting those items in a couple of days’ time. This would delay the delivery of the goods for just two days. The inconvenience caused to you is regretted.

Please be assured of the quality and excellent packing of goods.

Thank you.

Yours truly,
Raja Kumar (Manager)

Answer 4.
It came upon the midnight/ the sound of a hundred frogs all bellowing, while the moon shone through the trees and all else calm with our shoes crunching the dry land we were trying to find our way back to the camp site and to our tents sneaking quietly. We could hear our heartbeats in the stillness of the night, we were scared to the core when we heard a very few leaves rustle against something.
Samson palpitated saying, “I told this was a crazy idea to sneak out in the first place.”
Sean calmly said, “It is fine, don’t panic, we will reach the site in a few minutes.”
“Are you sure, it does not seem like we are reaching anywhere,” said Vicky.
The boys were terrified that they had lost their way back and the stillness and the noises of the jungle made them feel even jitterier.
Suddenly they heard a low howl and all of the boys huddled in fear. Vicky whispered, “Now what was that ? Sean are you still saying that we are ok ?”
In their fear they could not see a bright light shining on them. Slowly they untangled themselves and looked into the face of the camp director.

OR

Megha had just finished reading “Moby Dick” by Herman Melville as part of her English Project. She was tired after reviewing the book and dozed off before she could turns off the lights and fell asleep.
Meghna felt the salty breeze mixed with the smell of fuel and she was face to face with Ishmael.
‘Hey Ishmael, how are you dude, what’s up ?’ asked Meghna.
Ishmael replied, “Hi Meghna, I am good, what’s up with you, why are you all fazed, remember, I asked your help to write a memoir along with me and write about Moby Dick.”
Meghna shushed him, ‘I remember it very well, I’m trying to be quiet and observe everything that’s happening here.”
‘Alright, now hurry up, we need to change you up into pants and shirt, so you can help the cook and be invisible and yet get to visit the Captain without suspicion.’
“That’s a great idea, let’s get going.” Replied Meghna excitedly.
They reached the laundry room, found the clothes they needed and soon she ran off to do her work. She had to take dinner to Captain Ahab and she was scared. She mustered her courage and went to the cabin and knocked at the door.
She heard a gruff ‘come in’.
When she looked up and saw it was her mother opening her room and coming in.

Answer 5.
(a) at
(b) since
(c) in
(d) since
(e) on

Answer 6.

Answer 7.
(a) They will build a new bridge next year.
(b) British astronomers discovered a new planet.
(c) Ritu Beri will design her costume.
(d) They will deliver my computer on Monday
(e) One of the students broke the window.

SECTION-C

Answer. 8.
(a) (i) The speaker is Miss Louisa Mebbin, the companion to Mrs. Packletide and she is addressing
Mrs. Packletide in this dialogue.
(ii) She is talking about offering thousand rupees to the villagers for keeping it in the vicinity where Mrs. Packletide is planning to hunt. She feels that it is too expensive for an old tiger.
(iii) There is truth in what Miss Mebbin is saying as it is actually a lot of money for hunting an old tiger.
(iv) The synonym of the word ‘inexpensive’ is cheap.

OR

(b) (i) The mariner along with other sailors has been surrounded with ice and went adrift in
the ocean.
(ii) The mariner calls the Albatross a Christian soul, because it comes as a saviour amidst nothingness as a symbol of hope.
(iii) It means that they greeted the Albatross as heaven sent and in God’s name.
(iv) The synonym of the word ‘welcomed’ is hailed.

Answer 9.
(i) Ali goes to the post office every day, sits in a particular corner of the building and is often taunted by the postmen calling out his name, who laughs when he jumps out of his place and comes to the door. In spite of it all, he goes there every day and returns empty handed.
(ii) The nightingale has been made to practice and sing continuously without break or rest by the frog and the animals get to hear only coarse songs and she made lesser billings than before.
(iii) The ancient mariner learns too late that God loves every creature, big or small. Each one is a living evidence to his power and add to the beauty of the Earth. Killing the Albatross is a sin because it is like destroy part of God’s creation.
(iv) Henry Slater is a stooping heavy man who is simple and prefers not to get in any squabble with his wife who is domineering and unpleasant at times. However, we cannot say that Henry Slater is not observant as he does give sharp comments at the right time.
(v) Calpumia states that she never stood on ceremonies and that she never stopped Caesar from doing things but here she pleads him not to step out of the house just for once, but he does not listen to her and her fears come true.

Answer 10.
(a) Helen, the ghost, has just made herself visible to the writer and announces that the ghosts are going on a strike. The ghosts had organised “The Writer’s Inspiration Bureau” where they scout for writers without ideas and a soft mind that can accept an impression. This is how Helen had been helping the writer with his stories. Helen seems to be the representative who appears to the writer asking to stop the ladies from using the Ouija boards. Helen explains that in early days the ghosts were happy haunting just for fun or do nothing but now they are being called so often by the Ouija board fanatics who are always asking questions and that too silly ones. She tells the writer that unless he stops the ladies from using the Ouija boards they are not going to help him with the stories.

OR

(b) Calpumia is a noble Roman woman who has an affectionate relationship with her husband and a deep concern for his safety. There is a little doubt that the commitment is mutual. When she has an ominous dream, Caesar agrees to stay at home to ease her mind.
Calphumia’s dream of Caesar’s body spurting blood like a fountain turns out to be prophetic. As we see later, Caesar is stabbed 33 times and the conspirators stand around afterwards and wash their hands in his blood.
At first, it seems like Caesar is going to heed his wife’s warning but Calpumia’s attempts to protect her husband are completely undermined when Decius shows up and says women don’t know how to interpret dreams. If this dream had come from someone other than Calpumia, who is a woman and thus considered less insightful during Caesar’s day, Caesar might have listened. Although Decius ultimately convinces Caesar to go to the Capitol, Caesar and Calpumia have discussed her concerns as equals.

Answer 11.
(a) (i) The end of the book is all the more overwhelming because of the war developments and Anne’s optimism. The invasion finally comes and it is welcomed. Further evidence that the Germans are losing their hold comes with the assassination attempt. Even the German people seems to no longer believe in Hitler’s dream.
Anne grows by leaps and bounds during this final section of the book. She develops the ability to see others clearly. Her father, for example, is no longer a man who disregards her emotions. Instead, he is a fully-fledged man, with weaknesses and strengths, and a fine character. She also scrutinises Peter anew. No longer is he the sweet boy with whom Anne is hopelessly infatuated. He is weak, lacking energy and short on character. Anne admits to herself that he is not what she would like him to be. Her love for him cools, especially after she has an argument with her father.
Many people champion the sentiments, Anne says, about believing in man’s inborn goodness and treasuring his ideals. This is outstanding since Anne was never in a position to have her ideals tested and it is not until her family is captured that she may really have had the opportunity to question the nature of man. This does not detract from the power of Anne’s sentiments, instead, it shows how compassionately conserved her innocence was until the unfortunate fact of her captivity.

OR

(ii) During February and March of 1944, Anne becomes aware of her growth and realises need for a friend from the opposite sex. Her love for Peter is innocent and touchingly naive and it has echoes of her relationship with Harry at the beginning of the book. It is refreshing to experience this relationship with Anne. The reader is reminded that she is, after all, only a teenage girl, with a regular teenage girl’s feelings about the opposite sex.

In many ways it appears the relationship is a relief to Anne, as well. She fully admits that she needs affection from a boy at this time of her life, and that is, in large part, why she chooses Peter. While Anne’s overwhelming need may lead the reader to believe that she is not really in love with Peter at all, it proves that life in the annexe is emotionally harsh and stifling for Anne. She develops feelings for Peter in parts because it makes her days more exciting and helps her to forget the pressures of life on a day-to-day basis. This does not make her feelings less valid, it merely points out a major theme of the diary: Anne’s loneliness and her desperate search for someone in whom she may confide her feelings. We also see that later she matures and finds Peter not to her expectations. She learns to move on, looking forward to freedom.

(b) (i) Helen’s early years were tinged with the happiness and energy of a child but they were also full of frustration and anger. To understand why, one must try to put himself in her shoes and imagine a world that is entirely dark, devoid of both the sounds and the images with which they are so familiar. As a young child, Helen gets angry so easily because she has been deprived of humankind’s most basic needs: the desire to be understood. In the early years following her illness, she had trouble finding a way to express herself to those around her. Predictably, her closest companions then were the few people who could understand her, with or without words: namely, her mother, her friend Martha and her pet, Bella. Beyond them, many relationships were closed off to Helen because she could not be understood, until her teacher came.

Anne Sullivan plays an equally important character. Readers learn about her through Helen’s eyes and it is clear right from the start how much Miss Sullivan meant to her. Helen paints her as a true heroine, with an air of brightness and love surrounding her from the moment she shows up on Helen’s porch. She clearly has great patience, carefully working to teach Helen the names of the things in the world around her and understanding Helen’s frustration when, at first, something does not click. But Miss Sullivan and Helen’s . relationship stretches far beyond that of just a teacher and a student: Anne is Helen’s closest friend. She sincerely loves and cares for her, almost like a mother figure and she has given Helen the vital gifts of knowledge and understanding.

OR

(ii) The arrival of Ms. Sullivan gave Helen Keller a shift from being the frustrated girl to be the joyful person at the prospect of learning new things that excited her. Helen learned the names of things and to spell words and her next task was learning how to read. Miss Sullivan taught her this by giving her slips of cardboard, on which there were raised letters. She got used to attaching these words to their objects and arranging them into sentences that she would act out with the objects themselves. This evolved into an ability to read full books.

Helen and Miss Sullivan often had their lessons outdoors, which pleased Helen, who was energised by nature. At a place called Keller’s Landing on the Tennessee River, Miss Sullivan taught Helen geography, making raised maps in the river’s clay. Helen loves learning and is enthusiastic about all of her lessons. It is only arithmetic that displeases her: she did not have the patience for maths and numbers. Sometimes, Helen’s lessons began with an object. When a man gifted her a collection of fossils, for example, Miss Sullivan used them to teach her about dinosaurs and the gift of a shell provided a lesson about the ocean. Over and over, Helen observed that how skilled Miss Sullivan was at teaching her. Her propensity for making every lesson interesting, her sympathy for Helen’s challenging behaviour and her careful and patient guiding of the young girl’s mind, all left a lifelong mark on her.

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