Author name: Raju

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi A Set 1

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi A Set 1

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi A Set 1

These Sample Papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi A. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi A Set 1

निर्धारित समय : 3 घण्टे
अधिकतम अंक : 80

सामान्य निर्देश

* इस प्रश्न-पत्र में चार खण्ड हैं
खण्ड (क) : अपठित अंश -15 अंक
खण्ड (ख) : व्यावहारिक व्याकरण -15 अंक
खण्ड (ग) : पाठ्य पुस्तक एवं पूरक पाठ्य पुस्तक -30 अंक
खण्ड (घ) : लेखन -20 अंक
* चारों खण्डों के प्रश्नों के उत्तर देना अनिवार्य है।
* यथासंभव प्रत्येक खण्ड के प्रश्नों के उत्तर क्रमश: दीजिए।

खण्ड (क) : अपठित अंश

प्र. 1. निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए [8]
तिलक ने हमें स्वराज का सपना दिया और गाँधीजी ने उस सपने को दलितों और स्त्रियों से जोड़कर एक ठोस सामाजिक अवधारणा के रूप में देश के सामने रखा। स्वतन्त्रता के उपरान्त बड़े-बड़े कारखाने खोले गए, वैज्ञानिक विकास भी हुआ, बड़ी-बड़ी योजनाएँ भी बनीं, किन्तु गाँधीवादी मूल्यों के प्रति हमारी प्रतिबद्धता सीमित होती चली गई। दुर्भाग्य से गाँधी के बाद गाँधीवाद का कोई ऐसा व्याख्याकार न मिला जो राजनैतिक, सामाजिक और आर्थिक सन्दर्भो में गाँधीजी की सोच की समसामयिक व्याख्या करता। इस कारण यह विचार लोगों में घर करता चला गया कि गाँधीवादी विकास का मॉडल धीमे चलने वाला और तकनीकी प्रगति से विमुख है। उस पर ध्यान देने से हम आधुनिक वैज्ञानिक युग की दौड़ में पिछड़ जायेंगे। यह कहना गलत नहीं होगा कि कुछ लोगों की पाखंडी जीवन शैली ने भी इस धारणा को और पुष्ट किया है। इसका परिणाम यह हुआ कि देश में बुनियादी तकनीकी और औद्योगिक प्रगति तो आई पर देश के सामाजिक और वैचारिक ढाँचे में जरूरी बदलाव नहीं लाए गए। अत: तकनीकी विकास ने समाज में व्याप्त व्यापक फटेहाली, धार्मिक कूपमंडूकता और जातिवाद को नहीं मिटाया।
(i) तिलक का सपना क्या था तथा गाँधीजी ने उसका क्या किया? [2]
(ii) स्वतन्त्रता के बाद देश में क्या हुआ तथा गाँधीवाद के प्रति लोगों की क्या दृष्टि रही? [2]
(iii) लोगों के मन में क्या विचार घर कर गया और क्यों ? [2]
(iv) देश के सामाजिक और वैचारिक ढाँचे में बदलाव न आने का क्या कारण था? [1]
(v) औद्योगिक’ शब्द से संज्ञा शब्द बनाइए। [1]

प्र. 2. निम्नलिखित काव्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गये प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए [7]
जिस पर गिरकर उदर-दरी से तुमने जन्म लिया है,
जिसका खाकर अन्न, सुधा-सम नीर-समीर पिया है,
वह स्नेह की मूर्ति दयामयी माता-तुल्य मही है,
उसके प्रति कर्त्तव्य तुम्हारा क्या कुछ शेष नहीं है,
पैदा कर जिस देश-जाति ने तुमको पाला-पोसा
किए हुए है वह निज हित का तुमसे बड़ा भरोसा
उससे होना उऋण प्रथम है सत्कर्त्तव्य तुम्हारा,
फिर दे सकते हो वसुधा को शेष स्वजीवन सारा।
(i) पृथ्वी किसके समान है और क्यों ? [2]
(ii) व्यक्ति को देश के प्रति अपना जीवन क्यों अर्पित करना चाहिए? [2]
(iii) कवि ने मातृभूमि के प्रति किस कर्तव्य का स्मरण कराया है? [1]
(iv) मनुष्य का सत्कर्त्तव्य क्या है? [1]
(v) कविता में प्रयुक्त हुए पृथ्वी के दो पर्यायवाची लिखिए। [1]

खण्ड (ख) : व्यावहारिक व्याकरण

प्र. 3. निर्देशानुसार उत्तर दीजिए [3]
(क) वह बाजार गया और फल खरीदे। (मिश्र वाक्य बनाइए।)
(ख) वह गाड़ी में बैठकर घर चला गया। (संयुक्त वाक्य बनाइए।)
(ग) मैं पहले खाना खाऊँगा फिर विद्यालय जाऊँगा। (सरल वाक्य बनाइए)

प्र. 4. निर्देशानुसार उत्तर दीजिए [4]
(क) लड़कियों ने स्टेज पर नृत्य किया। (कर्मवाच्य में बदलिए)
(ख) मेरे द्वारा निबन्ध लिखा गया। (कर्तृवाच्य में बदलिए)
ग) वह नहीं चलती। (भाववाच्य में बदलिए)
(घ) सुरेश ने झूठ बोला। (कर्मवाच्य में बदलिए)

प्र. 5. रेखांकित पदों का पद परिचय लिखिए [4]
(क) उसकी आँख में कुछ गिर गया है।
(ख) विद्वान व्यक्ति सर्वत्र पूजा जाता है।
(ग) मैं सवेरे उठता हूँ।
(घ) रमेश ने अपने भाई के लिए पुस्तक खरीदी।

प्र. 6. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर निर्देशानुसार लिखिए [4]
(क) शृंगार रस का स्थायी भाव लिखिए।
(ख) निर्वेद में कौन-सा रस निष्पन्न होता है।
(ग) रे नृप बालक ! कालबस बोलत तोहि ने सँभार।
धनुही सम त्रिपुरारि धनु विदित सकल संसार ।।
-उपरोक्त पंक्ति में कौन-सा रस है?
(घ) शृंगार रस के कितने भेद होते हैं नाम लिखिए।

खण्ड (ग) : पाठ्य पुस्तक एवं पूरक पाठ्य पुस्तक

प्र. 7. निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए [5]
कस्बा ब्रहुत बड़ा नहीं था। जिसे पक्का मकान कहा जा सके वैसे कुछ ही मकान और जिसे बाजार कहा जा सके वैसा ही एक बाजार था। कस्बे में एक लड़कों का स्कूल, एक लड़कियों का स्कूल, एक सीमेंट का छोटा-सा कारखाना, दो ओपन एयर सिनेमाघर और एक नगरपालिका भी थी । नगरपालिका थी तो कुछ-न-कुछ करती भी रहती थी। कभी कोई सड़क पक्की करवा दी, कभी पेशाबघर बना दिए, कभी कबूतरों की छतरी बनवा दी तो कभी कवि सम्मेलन करवा दिया। इसी नगरपालिका के किसी उत्साही बोर्ड या प्रशासनिक अधिकारी ने एक बार ‘शहर’ के मुख्य बाजार के मुख्य चौराहे पर नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस की एक संगमरमर की प्रतिमा लगवा दी।
(क) हालदार साहब को उस कस्बे से कब और क्यों गुजरना पड़ा था? [2]
(ख) कस्बा कैसा था? उसकी क्या विशेषताएँ थीं ? [2]
(ग) कस्बे की नगरपालिका क्या-क्या कार्य करती थी? [1]

प्र. 8. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए [2×4=8]
(क) लेखिका के व्यक्तित्व का सही विकास कब हुआ? [2]
(ख) ‘एक कहानी यह भी’ के आधार पर बताइए। बिस्मिल्ला खाँ को संगीत की आरम्भिक प्रेरणा किससे मिली ? [2]
(ग) लेखिका के अपने पिता से वैचारिक मतभेदों को अपने शब्दों में लिखिए। [2]
(घ) अपनों का विश्वासघात मनुष्य पर क्या प्रभाव डालता है? ‘एक कहानी यह भी’ के आधार पर लिखिए। [2]

प्र. 9. निम्नलिखित काव्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए [5]
यश है या न वैभव है मान है न सरमाया,
जितना ही दौड़ा तू उतना ही भरमाया,
प्रभुता का शरण-बिंब केवल मृगतृष्णा है,
हर चन्द्रिका में छिपी एक रात कृष्णा है।
जो है यथार्थ कठिन उसका तू कर पूजन ।
छाया मत छूना ।
मन, होगा दुख दूना।
(क) कवि ने यश, वैभव, मान आदि को किसके समान बताया है? [2]
(ख) ‘हर चंद्रिका में छिपी एक रात कृष्णा है’-इस पंक्ति के माध्यम से कवि किस तथ्य को बताना चाहता है? [2]
(ग) व्यक्ति को कठिन यथार्थ का पूजन क्यों करना चाहिए? [1]

प्र. 10. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए [2×4=8]
(क) परशुराम ने धनुष तोड़ने वाले के विषय में पूछा तो श्रीराम ने धनुष मेरे द्वारा टूट गया है, सीधा उत्तर न देकर ऐसा क्यों कहा कि “धनुष तोड़ने वाला आपका कोई दास होगा”। [2]
(ख) माँ ने बेटी को क्या-क्या सीख दी? ‘कन्यादान’ कविता के आधार पर बताइए। [2]
(ग) “संगतकार’ कविता में कवि क्या संदेश देना चाहता है? [2]
(घ) लक्ष्मण ने अपने कुल की क्या परम्परा बताई ? [2]

प्र. 11. ‘कटाओ’ में किसी भी दुकान का न होना उसके लिए वरदान है।” इस कथन के पक्ष में अपनी राय दीजिए।

अथवा

प्रकृति ने जल संचय की व्यवस्था किस प्रकार की है? [4]

खण्ड (घ) : लेखन

प्र. 12. निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक विषय पर दिए गए संकेत बिन्दुओं के आधार पर लगभग 200 से 250 शब्दों में निबंध लिखिए। [10]
(क) इंटरनेट का प्रभाव

  • इंटरनेट : अनुपम सुविधा
  • उपयोगिता की दिशाएँ
  • दुरुपयोग के बिन्दु
  • समाधान व संदेश

(ख) ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के खतरे

  • अर्थ
  • कारण व समस्याएँ
  • बचाव के उपाय
  • समाधान व संदेश

(ग) स्वच्छ भारत : एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर

  • स्वच्छता का महत्त्व
  • वर्तमान समय में भारत में स्वच्छता की स्थिति
  • स्वच्छ भारत अभियान का लक्ष्य
  • उपसंहार

प्र. 13. अपने नगर में बढ़ते अवैद्य निर्माण की समस्या की ओर प्रशासन का ध्यान आकृष्ट करने के लिए किसी समाचार-पत्र के संपादक के नाम पत्र लिखिये। [5]

अथवा

आपके क्षेत्र में डाक विभाग की अव्यवस्था की शिकायत करते हुए पोस्टमास्टर जी को पत्र लिखिए।

प्र. 14. किसी नहाने के साबुन का विज्ञापन तैयार कीजिए। उसकी विशेषताएँ बताते हुए 25-50 शब्दों में एक विज्ञापन तैयार कीजिए। [5]

अथवा

विद्यालय की कार्यानुभव-प्रयोगशाला में बनी मोमबत्तियाँ तथा अन्य उपयोगी वस्तुओं की बिक्री हेतु लगभग 25 शब्दों में एक विज्ञापन लिखिए।

उत्तरमाला

खण्ड (क)

उत्तर 1. (i) तिलक ने स्वराज का सपना दिया था और गाँधीजी ने उस स्वप्न को दलितों और स्त्रियों से जोड़कर एक ठोस सामाजिक अवधारणा के रूप में देश के सामने रखा।
(ii) स्वतन्त्रता के बाद देश में बड़े-बड़े कारखाने खोले गए वैज्ञानिक विकास भी हुआ, बड़ी-बड़ी योजनाएँ बनीं, किन्तु गाँधीवादी मूल्यों के प्रति हमारी प्रतिबद्धता सीमित होती चली गई।
(iii) लोगों के मन में यह विचार घर कर गया कि गाँधीवादी विकास का मॉडल धीमे चलने वाला तथा तकनीकी प्रगति से विमुख है। क्योंकि गाँधीजी के बाद कोई ऐसा व्याख्याकार नहीं मिला जो सामाजिक, राजनैतिक और आर्थिक रूप में गाँधीजी के विचारों की व्याख्या करता।
(iv) लोगों में गाँधीवादी मूल्यों के प्रति लगाव का अभाव इसका मुख्य कारण था।
(v) औद्योगिक शब्द का संज्ञा शब्द है ‘उद्योग’।।

उत्तर 2. (i) पृथ्वी को स्नेह की मूर्ति, दयामयी माँ के समान बताया है क्योंकि माँ के गर्भ से जन्म लेने के बाद व्यक्ति का पालन-पोषण इसी पृथ्वी पर होता है।
(ii) क्योंकि जन्म लेने के बाद व्यक्ति का पालन-पोषण देश, समाज और जाति के लोगों के बीच होता है। अंततः वह अपने जीवन को समर्पित करके देश का ऋण चुका सकता है।
(iii) कवि ने मातृभूमि के प्रति अपने दायित्वों के निर्वाह का स्मरण कराया है।
(iv) मातृभूमि ने हमें जो कुछ प्रदान किया है उसका ऋण चुकाना ही सत्कर्तव्य है।
(v) पृथ्वी-मही, वसुधा।

खण्ड (ख)

उत्तर 3. (क) उसे फल खरीदने थे इसलिए बाजार गया।
(ख) वह गाड़ी में बैठा और घर चला गया।
(ग) मैं खाना खाकर विद्यालय जाऊँगा।

उत्तर 4. (क) लड़कियों द्वारा स्टेज पर नृत्य किया गया।
(ख) मैंने निबन्ध लिखा।
(ग) उससे नहीं चला जाता।
(घ) सुरेश द्वारा झूठ बोला गया।

उत्तर 5. (क) उसकी-सर्वनाम, संबंधवाचक, पुल्लिंग, एकवचन।
(ख) विद्वान-विशेषण, गुणवाचक, पुल्लिंग, एकवचन।
(ग) उठता हूँ-अकर्मक क्रिया, पुल्लिंग, एकवचन, उत्तम पुरुष।।
(घ) भाई (के लिए)-जातिवाचक संज्ञा, पुल्लिंग, एकवचन संप्रदान कारक अप्रत्यक्ष कर्म का प्रकार्य ।

उत्तर 6. (क) शृंगार रस का स्थायी भाव है प्रेम या रति ।
(ख) निर्वेद में शांत रस निष्पन्न होता है।
(ग) इन पंक्तियों में रौद्र रस है।
(घ) श्रृंगार रस के दो भेद होते हैं-संयोग शृंगार और वियोग श्रृंगार।

खण्ड (ग)

उत्तर 7. (क) हालदार साहब को हर पंद्रहवें दिन कम्पनी के काम से उस कस्बे से गुजरना पड़ता था।
(ख) कस्बा बहुत बड़ा नहीं था। वहाँ कुछ पक्के मकान और एक बाजार था। लड़कों का एक स्कूल और लड़कियों का एक स्कूल था, सीमेंट का एक छोटा कारखाना, दो ओपन एयर सिनेमाघर और एक नगरपालिका थी।
(ग) कस्बे में नगरपालिका कभी कोई सड़क बनवा देती थी, कभी और पेशाबघर बना दिए, कभी कबूतरों की छतरी बनवा दी, कभी
कवि सम्मेलन करवा दिया।

उत्तर 8. (क) जब लेखिका की बड़ी बहन की शादी हो गई तथा बड़े भाई पढ़ाई के लिए कोलकाता चले गए तब उनके व्यक्तित्व का विकास होना शुरू हो गया। तब पिताजी ने भी उन पर ध्यान देना शुरू किया।
(ख) बिस्मिल्ला खाँ ने संगीत की वर्णमाला का पहला अक्षर रसूलन बाई और बतूलन बाई नाम की गायिका बहनों के गीतों को सुनकर सीखा।
(ग) लेखिका के पिता गोरे रंग को पसन्द करते थे जबकि लेखिको काली थी। अपने पिता का शक्की स्वभाव लेखिका को पसन्द नहीं था। लेखिका ने अपने पिता की मर्जी के खिलाफ विवाह किया था। पिता को उसका लड़कों के साथ सड़क पर घूमना, नारेबाजी करना व हड़ताल करवाना पसन्द नहीं था।
(घ) अपनों का विश्वासघात मनुष्य को तोड़कर रख देता है। इससे मनुष्य बहुत शक्की, अहंकारी, क्रोधी और चिड़चिड़ा हो जाता है। उसका व्यक्तित्व खंडित हो जाता है।

उत्तर 9. (क) कवि ने यश वैभव, मान आदि को भ्रमित करने वाली मृगतृष्णा के समान बताया है क्योंकि मनुष्य यश आदि के लिए भ्रमित होता है कभी तृप्त नहीं होता।
(ख) मानव जीवन में सुख के बाद दुख की काली छाया भी सामने खड़ी रहती है। यहाँ चाँदनी रात मनुष्य के सुख का प्रतीक है तो काली रात दुख का प्रतीक है।
(ग) मनुष्य को यथार्थ से न भागकर उसका सामना करना चाहिए। जीवन में कठिनाइयाँ आती हैं, इनसे विचलित हुए बिना उनको । सामना करना चाहिए।

उत्तर 10. (क) श्रीराम परशुराम के क्रोधित स्वभाव से परिचित थे और स्वयं विनम्रता के धनी थे तथा वे यह भी जानते थे कि विनम्रता से क्रोध को शान्त किया जा सकता है इसीलिए उन्होंने स्वयं को परशुराम का दास (अनुचर) बताते हुए कहा कि धनुष तोड़ने वाली आपका ही कोई दास होगा।
(ख) माँ ने बेटी को सीख देते हुए कहा कि पानी में झाँककर अपने सौन्दर्य पर घमंड न करना, वस्त्र और आभूषण को बंधन मत बनने देना। अपनी मर्यादाओं का पालन करना।
(ग) संगतकार कविता में कवि यह संदेश देना चाहता है कि हमें बड़े कलाकारों, मुख्य गायक-गायिकाओं की सहायता करने वाले उन व्यक्तियों को भी उचित सम्मान देना चाहिए, जो गुमनामी में रहकर बड़े कलाकारों या गायक-गायिकाओं की सफलता में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं।
(घ) लक्ष्मण ने अपने कुल की यह परंपरा बताई है कि हमारे यहाँ देवता, ब्राह्मण, ईश्वरभक्त तथा माँ पर शूरवीरता नहीं दिखाई जाती क्योंकि इन्हें मारने से पाप लगता है और इनसे हारने से बदनामी होती है।

उत्तर 11. कटाओ सिक्किम की एक खूबसूरत किन्तु अनजान सी जगह है। यह अपनी स्वच्छता और सुन्दरता के कारण हिन्दुस्तान का स्विटजरलैंड कहलाता है। यहाँ किसी भी प्रकार चीजें किराये पर मुहैया करवाने वाली दुकानों की कतारें या एक भी दुकान न थी। यहाँ का व्यवसायीकरण नहीं हुआ। यदि वहाँ दुकानों की कतार होती तो स्थानीय आबादी भी बढ़ेगी और पर्यटकों की भीड़ भी। अंतत: वहाँ भी प्रदूषण अपने पाँव पसारेगा। ऐसे में कटाओ में दुकानों का न होना एक वरदान ही है।

अथवा

“साना-साना हाथ जोड़ि…..” पाठ में यह स्पष्ट किया गया है कि कटाओ के हिम शिखर पूरे एशिया के जलस्तम्भ हैं। प्रकृति बड़े नायाब ढंग से सर्दियों में बर्फ के रूप में जल संग्रह कर लेती है और गर्मियों में जब पानी के लिये त्राहि-त्राहि मचती है, तो ये ही बर्फ शिलाएँ पिघल-पिघलकर जलधारा बनकर हमारी प्यास बुझाती हैं। इस प्रकार प्रकृति ने बड़े अद्भुत ढंग से जल संचय की व्यवस्था की है।

खण्ड (घ)

उत्तर 12. (क) इंटरनेट का प्रभाव
इंटरनेट अनुपम सुविधा-इंटरनेट के माध्यम से इंसान के काम करने के तरीके में क्रान्तिकारी परिवर्तन आया है। इसके कारण मनुष्य के समय और मेहनत की बहुत बचत हुई है। ये कम समय में पूरी जानकारी को आप तक पहुँचाने की दक्षता रखता है। आज इसका प्रभाव दुनिया के हर कोने में देखा जा सकता है। इंटरनेट से जुड़ने के लिए एक कम्प्यूटर और एक मॉडम की आवश्यकता होती है। ये दुनिया की किसी भी जगह से पूरे विश्वभर की जानकारी ऑनलाइन प्राप्त करने में हमारी मदद करता है। इसके द्वारा हम वेबसाइट से कुछ ही सेकण्डों में जानकारी को प्राप्त करके भविष्य के लिए सुरक्षित कर सकते हैं। मेरे स्कूल के कम्प्यूटर लैब में इंटरनेट की सुविधा है जहाँ हम अपने प्रोजेक्ट से सम्बन्धित जरूरी जानकारी को प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।

उपयोग की दिशाएँ-इन्टरनेट से ऑनलाइन सम्पर्क तेज और आसान हो गया है जिससे संदेश या विडियो कॉनफ्रेंस के द्वारा दुनिया में कहीं भी मौजूद लोग एक-दूसरे से जुड़ सकते हैं। इसकी मदद से विद्यार्थी अपनी परीक्षा, प्रोजेक्ट तथा रचनात्मक कार्यों में भाग लेता है। इससे विद्यार्थी अपने शिक्षकों और दोस्तों से ऑनलाइन जुड़कर कई सारे विषयों पर चर्चा कर सकता है। इसकी सहायता से हम विश्व से सम्बन्धित कोई भी जानकारी प्राप्त कर सकते हैं जैसे कहीं की यात्रा के लिए उसके बारे में पता लगा सकते हैं।

इन्टरनेट कनेक्शन से जुड़ते ही हमारी पहँच वर्ल्ड वाइड वेब तक हो जाती है। पहले के समय में जब इंटरनेट नहीं था तो लोगों को कई प्रकार के कार्यों के लिए लंबे समय तक लाइन में लगना पड़ता था जैसे रेलवे का टिकट लेने के लिए, बिल जमा करने के लिए आदि लेकिन आधुनिक समय में लोग बस एक बटन को दबाते ही टिकट बुक कर सकते हैं तथा एक सॉफ्टकॉपी भी अपने मोबाइल में रख सकते हैं। हम इसे नेटवर्को का नेटवर्क कह सकते हैं।

दुरुपयोग के बिन्दु-इंटरनेट ने जीवन को आसान बना दिया है पर इसकी वजह से नुकसान भी हो रहे हैं। इंटरनेट पर हैकिंग, स्पैनिंग और अन्य ऐसी कुख्यात गतिविधियाँ भी होती हैं। कई छात्र इंटरनेट पर विभिन्न प्रकार की वीडियो देखते हैं तथा ऑनलाइन गेम खेलते हैं और इसके आदी हो जाते हैं। अधिक इस्तेमाल करने से स्वास्थ्य पर भी इसका विपरीत प्रभाव पड़ता है। इससे माइग्रेन, नेत्रदृष्टि पर प्रभाव, पीठ दर्द, वजन बढ़ना, डिप्रेशन, रिश्तों पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव आदि पड़ने लगता है।

समाधान व संदेश-इसके समाधान के लिए सोशल साइट के उपयोग के लिए एक सीमा निर्धारित कर देनी चाहिए। विद्यालयों में प्रोजेक्ट आदि बनाने की व्यवस्था होनी चाहिए। जिससे छात्र अध्यापक की निगरानी में प्रोजेक्ट बना सकें। अभिभावक भी अपने बच्चों द्वारा इन्टरनेट के उपयोग की अवधि निश्चित करें।

(ख) ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के खतरे

अर्थ-धरती के तापमान में लगातार बढ़ते स्तर को ग्लोबल वार्मिंग कहते हैं। वर्तमान समय में ये पूरे विश्व के समक्ष एक बड़ी समस्या के रूप में उभर रहा है। ऐसा माना जा रहा है कि धरती के वातावरण के गर्म होने का मुख्य कारण ग्रीनहाउस के स्तर में वृद्धि है। अगर इससे छुटकारा पाने के लिए कोई ठोस कदम नहीं उठाया गया तो वह दिन दूर नहीं कि धरती अपने अन्त की ओर अग्रसर होगी।

कारण व समस्याएँ-दिनों-दिन बढ़ते इसके खतरनाक प्रभाव से सम्पूर्ण विश्व के लिए खतरा उत्पन्न हो रहा है, इसके कारण समुद्र के जलस्तर में वृद्धि हो रही है, बाढ़, तूफान, चक्रवात, मौसम के स्वरूपों में परिवर्तन, संक्रामक बीमारियाँ, खाद्यान्न में कमी आदि आने वाले समय में दिखाई देंगी। इससे छुटकारा पाने का एक ही तरीका है व्यक्तिगत स्तर पर जन-जागरूकती। लोगों को इसका अर्थ, कारण और इससे होने वाले प्रभाव के बारे में समझना चाहिए और उससे बचने के उपाय ढूँढ़ने चाहिए, जिससे जीवन की संभावनाएँ सदा के लिए मुमकिन हो सके।

बचाव के उपाय-लोगों को उनकी आदतें जैसे तेल, कोयला और गैस के अत्यधिक इस्तेमाल, पेड़ों की कटाई को रोककर, कम बिजली का इस्तेमाल करके CO2 को फैलने से रोकना चाहिए। पूरी दुनिया के लोगों में थोड़े से बदलाव से, एक दिन हम लोग इसके प्रभावों को घटाकर वातावरण में हुए नकारात्मक परिवर्तनों को रोक सकते हैं।

समाधान व संदेश-पूरे विश्व में जनसंख्या विस्फोट को भी रोकने की आवश्यकता है क्योंकि इससे धरती पर विनाशकारी तकनीकों का इस्तेमाल कम होगा। हमें वातावरण में ग्रीनहाउस गैसों का कम से कम उत्सर्जन करना चाहिए और उन जलवायु परिवर्तनों को अपनाना चाहिए जो वर्षों से होते आ रहे हैं। तेल जलाने और कोयले के इस्तेमाल, परिवहन के साधनों और बिजली के सामानों के स्तर को घटाने से ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के प्रभाव को घटाया जा सकता है।

(ग) स्वच्छ भारत-एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर

स्वच्छ भारत मिशन या स्वच्छ भारत अभियान भारत सरकार द्वारा चलाया गया एक विशाल जन-आन्दोलन है जोकि पूरे भारत में सफाई को बढ़ावा देता है। इस अभियान को 2 अक्टूबर, 2014 को महात्मा गाँधी की 150वीं वर्षगाँठ के दिन सुबह शुरू किया गया था। महात्मा गाँधी जी ने भारत को स्वच्छ बनाने का सपना देखा था और इसके लिए हमेशा कठिन प्रयास किए। उनके सपने को पूरा करने के लिए भारत सरकार ने इस अभियान को शुरू करने का फैसला किया। उत्तर प्रदेश के मुख्यमंत्री योगी आदित्यनाथ ने उत्तर प्रदेश सरकार के कार्यालयों में सफाई सुनिश्चित करने के लिए पान, गुटका और तम्बाकू उत्पादों के सेवन पर भी प्रतिबंध लगा दिया है। इस मिशन का उद्देश्य सभी ग्रामीण और शहरी क्षेत्रों को कवर करना है ताकि दुनिया के सामने हम एक आदर्श देश का उदाहरण प्रस्तुत कर सकें। इस मिशन के उद्देश्य में से कुछ महत्वपूर्ण उद्देश्य हैं-खुले में शौच समाप्त करना, अस्वास्थ्यकर शौचालयों को फ्लश शौचालयों में परिवर्तित करना, हाथ से मल की सफाई को रोकना, ठोस और तरल कचरे का पुन: उपयोग, लोगों को सफाई के प्रति जागरूक करना, अच्छी आदतों के लिए प्रेरित करना, शहरी और ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में सफाई व्यवस्था अनुकूल बनाना व भारत में निवेश के लिए रुचि रखने वाले सभी निजी क्षेत्रों के लिए अनुकूल वातावरण प्रदान करना आदि।

इस तरह हम कह सकते हैं कि 2019 तक भारत को स्वच्छ और हरा-भरा बनाने के लिए स्वच्छ भारत अभियान एक स्वागत योग्य कदम है। जैसा कि हम सभी ने कहावत में सुना है स्वच्छता भगवान की ओर अगला कदम है। हम विश्वास के साथ कह सकते हैं कि अगर भारत की जनता द्वारा प्रभावी रूप से इसका अनुसरण किया जाए तो आने वाले चंद वर्षों में स्वच्छ भारत अभियान से पूरा देश भगवान का निवास स्थल सा बन जाएगा।

उत्तर 13. सेवा में,
प्रधान संपादक महोदय,
दैनिक हिन्दुस्तान,
नई दिल्ली।
दिनांक-2 फरवरी 20xx
विषय-नगर में बढ़ते जा रहे अवैध निर्माण के संदर्भ में ।

मान्यवर महोदय,
मैं इस पत्र के माध्यम से आपका तथा प्रशासन का ध्यान अपने नगर में बढ़ते जा रहे अवैध निर्माण की ओर आकर्षित करना चाहता हूँ। पिछले कई वर्षों से ये अवैध निर्माण चारों तरफ अपना प्रसार कर रहे हैं। मुख्य सड़क पर दुकानदारों ने अपनी दुकान इतनी आगे बढ़ा ली है कि सड़क पर चलना मुश्किल हो गया है। जाम लगने के कारण कई घंटों तक मार्ग अवरुद्ध हो जाता है। वाहनों की मरम्मत से जुड़ी दुकानों ने तो लोगों की नाक में दम कर रखा है। होटलों, मैरिज होम तथा वाहन विक्रेताओं ने अवैध निर्माण में कोई असर नहीं छोड़ी। है। अत: प्रशासन से मेरा अनुरोध है कि ऐसे अवैध निर्माण तुरन्त रेखांकित किए जाएँ और उन्हें हटाने की अन्तिम तिथि घोषित कर दें और न हटाने पर कड़ी कार्यवाही की जाए।

धन्यवाद!
भवदीय,
क.ख.ग
अ.ब.स. नगर, आगरा

अथवा

प्रतिष्ठा में,
डाकपाल महोदय,
जी. पी. ओ. गाजियाबाद
उत्तर प्रदेश
दिनांक : 21 जून 20xx
विषय-डाक विभाग की अव्यवस्था के संदर्भ में पत्र।
महोदय,
मैं क.ख.ग. शास्त्रीनगर, गाजियाबाद का निवासी हूँ। इस पत्र द्वारा में डाक विभाग के डाक वितरण की अव्यवस्था की ओर आपका ध्यान आकर्षित करना चाहता हूँ।

हमारे क्षेत्र का डाकिया अपना कार्य ठीक प्रकार से नहीं कर रहा है। उसके आने-जाने का कोई निश्चित समय नहीं है। यही नहीं कभी-कभी तो वह पत्र किसी दूसरे को पकड़ा जाता है या घर के पास फेंक जाता है। इस कारण कभी-कभी आवश्यक पत्र या बिल खो जाते हैं। मैंने कई बार उसको समझाने की कोशिश की लेकिन उसका कोई भी परिणाम नहीं निकला।

आपसे निवेदन है कि या तो आप इनके खिलाफ कोई कार्यवाही करें या किसी दूसरे डाकिए का प्रबन्ध कर दें।
धन्यवाद
भवदीय
क.ख.ग
9A-495 शास्त्रीनगर, गाजियाबाद।

उत्तर 14.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Hindi A Set 1 1

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10.

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks : 80

General Instructions

  • The question paper comprises two sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.
  • All questions are compulsory.
  • All questions of Section-A and B are to be attempted separately.
  • There is an internal choice in two questions of three marks each and one question of five marks.
  • Question numbers 1 and 2 in Section-A are one mark question. They are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
  • Question numbers 3 to 5 in Section-A are two marks questions. These are to be answered in 30 words each.
  • Question numbers 6 to 15 in Section-A are three marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
  • Question numbers 16 to 21 in Section-A are 5 mark questions. These are to be answered in 70 words each.
  • Question numbers 22 to 27 in Section-B are based on practical skills. Each question is a two marks question. These are to be answered in brief.

SECTION – A

Question. 1.
What category of diseases does AIDS come under ? Name its causative organism.

Question. 2.
Name the method by which Spirogyra reproduces under favourable conditions. Is this method sexual or asexual ?

Question. 3.
Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas hydrochloric acid does. Give one reason.

Question. 4.
How can you distinguish between a plane mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror without touching them ?

Question. 5.
Where does the digestion of fat take place in our bodies ?

Question. 6.
A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What will happen if a bar magnet is

(a) pushed into the coil
(b) withdrawn from inside the coil
(c) held stationary inside the coil ?

OR
Two circular coils A and B are placed close to each other. If the current in the coil A is changed, will some current be induced in the coil B ? Give reason.

Question. 7.
Why is an ammeter likely to bum out if you connect it in parallel ?

Question. 8.
(a) What were the two major shortcomings of Mendeleev’s periodic table. How have these been removed in the modem periodic table ?
(b) Two elements X and Y have atomic numbers 12 and 16 respectively. Write the electronic configuration for these elements. To which period of the modem periodic table do these two elements belong ? What type of bond formed between them and why ?

Question. 9.
If the water supply at home requires a large amount of soap what do you infer ? Why does this happen ?

Question. 10.
What is biological magnification ? Are human beings affected by it ?

Question. 11.
What is the role of platelets in the human body ?

Question. 12.
An object placed on a meter scale at 8 cm mark was focussed on a white screen placed at 92 cm mark, using a converging lens placed on the scale at 50 cm mark.

(a) Find the focal length of the converging lens.
(b) Find the position of the image formed if the object is shifted towards the lens at a position of 29 cm.
(c) State the nature of the image formed if the object is further shifted towards the lens.

Question. 13.
Why do acids show acidic behaviour only in the presence of water ?
OR
A lowering of pH of the mouth is a major cause for tooth decay. Elaborate on this.

Question. 14.
Describe the female reproductive part of the flower.

Question. 15.
What is sustainable natural resource management ?

Question. 16.
Describe an activity to show that the colours of white light splitted by a glass prism can be recombined to get white light by another identical glass prism. Also draw ray diagram to show the recombination of the spectrum of white light.

Question. 17.
What are structural isomers ? Explain with examples.
OR
(a)
What are hydrocarbons ? Give one example.
(b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each.|
(c) What is a functional group ? Give examples of two different functional groups.

Question. 18.
(a) Draw a neat labelled diagram showing the different endocrine glands in the human body.
(b) What happens when adrenaline is released into the blood ? Is it correct to call this hormone as the ‘fight or flight hormone’.

Question. 19.
Draw a labelled circuit diagram showing three resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected in series with a battery (E), a rheostat (Rh), a plug key (K) and an ammeter (A) using standard circuit symbol. Use this circuit to show that the same current flows through every part of the circuit. List two precautions you would observe while performing the experiment.

Question. 20.
How are ionic compounds formed ? Give their characteristics.

Question. 21.
What is the importance of forest as a resource ? What are the causes of deforestation ?
OR
Biomass is a good source of energy. Biogas is an excellent fuel. Elaborate.

SECTION – B

Question. 22.
If we pour acetic acid on red litmus paper and blue litmus paper, what happens ?

(a) Red litmus remains red and blue litmus turns red.
(b) Red litmus turns blue and blue litmus remains blue.
(c) Red litmus turns blue and blue litmus turns red.
(d) Red litmus turns colourless and blue litmus remains blue.

Question. 23.
While demonstrating decomposition reaction in the laboratory the teacher heated ferrous sulphate crystals in a hard glass dry boiling tube.
(a) What will be the smell of gases coming out of the boiling tube ?
(b) What will be the change in colour of the ferrous sulphate crystals ?

Question. 24.
Draw a labelled diagram of the cross-section of a leaf peel showing stomata.

Question. 25.
When you perform the experiment to show that CO2 is given out during respiration how will you confirm the gas evolved is CO2 ?

Question. 26.
The rest positions of the needles in a milliammeter and voltmeter not in use are as shown in Fig. A. When a student uses these in his experiment, the readings of the needle are in the positions shown in Fig. B.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 1
Find the corrected values of current and voltage in the experiment.
OR
The following circuit diagram shows the experimental set-up for the study of dependence of current on potential difference. Which two circuit components are connected in series ?
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 2

Question. 27.
The teacher asks a student to fix the given screen at an appropriate place in the given experimental set up, so that a clear image can be obtained on the screen. If the focal length of convex lens in 8 cm, find the mark on the scale at which he should fix up the screen ?
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 3

ANSWERS

SECTION – A

Answer. 1.
AIDS comes under viral diseases which are sexually transmitted. It stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome and is caused by the Human Immuno Deficiency virus also called HIV virus.

Answer. 2.
Under favourable conditions, Spirogyra reproduces by fragmentation. This is an asexual method of reproduction.

Answer. 3.
Acids produce hydrogen ions [H+(aq)] in solution which are responsible for turning blue litmus red. Dry HCl does not give H+ ions in the absence of water.

Answer. 4.
By oberving the virtual images formed by the three mirrors, we can distinguish between the mirrors as :

  1. Plane mirror will produce an image of the same size,
  2. Concave mirror will produce a magnified image, and
  3. Convex mirror will produce a diminished image.

Answer. 5.
The small intestine is the site of the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It receives the secretions of the liver and pancreas for this purpose. The food coming from the stomach is acidic and has to be made alkaline for the pancreatic enzymes to act. Bile juice from the liver accomplishes this in addition to acting on fats. Fats are present in the intestine in the form of large globules which makes it difficult for enzymes to act on them. Bile salts break them down into smaller globules to help enzymes act efficiently on them. The pancreatic juice contains enzymes like trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for digesting emulsified fats. The enzymes in the intestinal juice secreted by the small intestine convert the proteins into amino acids, complex carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acid and glycerol.

Answer. 6.
(a) When a bar magnet is pushed into the coil of insulated copper wire connected to a galvanometer, an induced current is set up in the coil. As a result, galvanometer gives a deflection (say towards left).
(b) When the bar magnet is withdrawn from inside the coil, again an induced current is set up in the coil. However, now direction of induced current is opposite to that in earlier case. Hence, deflection in galvanometer is in reverse direction (say towards right).
(c) If the bar magnet is held stationary inside the coil, then there is no induced current in the coil. As a result, galvanometer does not show any deflection.
OR
Yes, a current is induced in the coil B.
When the current in the coil A is changed, the magnetic field associated with it also changes. As coil B is placed close to A, hence magnetic field lines around this coil also change. Due to change in magnetic field lines associated with coil B, an induced current is also induced in it.

Answer. 7.
An ammeter has a very low resistance and is used to measure electric current flowing in a circuit. If an ammeter is connected in parallel with an electrical circuits, the net resistance of circuit becomes even less than the resistance of an ammeter and a strong current begins to flow. As a result the ammeter is likely to bum out.
(a) Two major shortcomings of Mendeleev’s periodic table :

  1. The position of isotopes could not be explained.
  2. Wrong order of atomic masses of some elements could not be explained.

In the modem periodic table, the elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic numbers instead of atomic masses.

(b) Atomic number of element X = 12
Electronic configuration = 2,8,2 KLM
Atomic number of element Y = 16
Electronic configuration = 2,8,6 KLM
The period number of an element is equal to the number of electron shells in its atom. These two elements have 3 electron shells, therefore they belong to 3rd period.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 4

They will form ionic bond because X is a metal and Y is a non-metal. X loses two electrons which will be gained by Y.

Answer. 9.
If the water supply at home requires a large amount of water it means the water is hard i.e., it contains salts of calcium and magnesium. Usually the salts of calcium and magnesium cause hardness of water. Such type of water does not lather with soap. While bathing with hard water foam is formed with difficulty and an insoluble substance (scum) remains after washing with the water. This problem can be overcome by using another class of compounds called detergents as cleansing agents. Detergents are generally ammonium or sulphate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. The charged ends of these compounds do not form insoluble precipitates with the calcium and magnesium ions in hard water. Thus, they remain effective in hard water. Detergents are usually used to make shampoos and products for cleaning clothes.

Answer. 10.
Human beings are on top of any food chain. This means the maximum concentration of several harmful chemicals get accumulated in the human bodies. This is also called biological magnification. We have seen how water is polluted by different substances. Pesticides and some chemicals are used to protect crops from pests. These enter the soil and the water that flows on this soil. When this water is absorbed by the roots of plants it enters the plants. Similarly when aquatic animals drink water some chemicals enter their bodies too. These chemicals then enter the food chain. As they are not degraded they are gradually accumulated in each trophic level. Finally all of them reach the human bodies. Food grains like rice, wheat, vegetables, fruits, and meat contain varying amounts of pesticide residues. It is difficult to completely remove them by washing. Hence any organism at the top of the food chain is likely to get a fairly large amount of the harmful substances that enter the food chain at every level. So the effect of the various pollutants is maximised in human beings.

Answer. 11.
Platelets or thrombocytes are one of the constituents of blood the other two being the red blood,corpuscles or erythrocytes and white blood corpuscles or leucocytes. Whenever there is an injury in the body bleeding starts. The body cannot afford to lose blood. In addition, leakage of blood leads to a drop in pressure which affects the pumping of the heart. To avoid this, the body immediately informs the platelets to reach the site of injury. The platelets that keep circulating in the body quickly reach the site of bleeding and form a barrier or plug which stops the bleeding. That is why platelets,are needed by our body.

Answer. 12.
(a) Here position of object on meter scale = 8 cm, position of converging (convex) lens = 50 cm and position of screen = 92 cm.
u = (50 – 8) = 42 cm and υ = (92 – 50) = 42 cm
As per sign convention, u = – 42 cm and υ = + 42 cm.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 5
(b) If object is shifted to a position 29 cm, then u’ = (50 – 29) cm = 21 cm i.e., the object is situated at first focus Fa of the lens. Hence its real and inverted image is formed at infinity.
(c) If the object is further shifted towards the lens then | u | <f and hence a virtual and erect image of the obj ect will be formed.

Answer. 13.
Acids do not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water. This is because the H+ ions are produced only in the presence of water. The H+ ions cannot exist alone but they exist only after combining with water molecules.
If water is added to HCI the reaction occurs as follows :
HCI + H2O → H3O+ + Cl
The separation of H+ ions from the HCI molecule cannot occur in the absence of water. The process of dissolving acid in water is highly exothermic. The acid must be slowly added to the water with constant stirring, water must not be added to the acid.
OR
A lowering of the pH of the mouth means the environment inside the mouth is turning acidic. We have learnt that when the pH is less than 7 the said material or solution is acidic. When acids are formed in the mouth due to the deposit of leftover food particles between the teeth it leads to a slow destruction of the enamel of the teeth. Initially it appears as a black spot but soon it grows in size and destroys the entire enamel. Once the enamel is removed the nerves and blood vessels under the teeth are exposed. This is when we experience severe pain whenever anything hot or cold is ingested.

Answer. 14.
The carpel is the female reproductive part of the flower which is present in the centre of the flower. It consists of three parts. The upper part which is sticky and is called the stigma, the middle elongated part is called the style and the swollen bottom part is called ovary. The ovary contains the ovules and each ovule has an egg inside. The male germ-cell produced by the pollen grain fuses with the female germ cell in the ovule. This is called fertilisation and it results in the formation of the zygote. This zygote grows into a new plant.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 6

Answer. 15.
All the things we use or consume like food, clothes, our shelter, books, toys, furniture, tools and vehicles are obtained from resources on this earth. The only thing we get from outside is the energy from the sun. This too is processed by the living organisms and various physical and chemical processes on the earth before we can use it. We should use resources judiciously because they are limited. We have an ever-increasing human population due to improved health care and this has brought about an increased demand for all the resources. The management of natural resources requires a long-time perspective so that they will last for the future generations and will not be exploited over a short period of time. Resource management must be focussed on an equitable distribution of resources so that it is not just a handful of rich and powerful people who benefit from this. In addition, when we extract these resources we must ensure a safe disposal of the wastes too. This is called sustainable natural resource management.

Answer. 16.
Recombination of colours: The colours of white light splitted by a glass prism can be recombined to get white light by another identical glass prism. Newton demonstrated this phenomenon of recombination of the coloured rays of a spectrum to get back white light.

  1. A triangular prism ABC is placed on its base BC.
  2. A similar prism A’B’C’ is placed alongside with its refracting surface in the opposite direction, i.e., in an inverted position with respect to first prism as shown in figure.
    CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 7
  3. A beam of white light entering the prism ABC undergoes refraction and is dispersed into its constituent seven colours.
  4. These constituent seven coloured rays are incident on the second inverted prism A’B’C’ and get further refracted.
  5. The second prism recombines them into a beam of white light and emerges from the other side of the second prism and falls on the screen.
  6. This is due to the fact that the refraction or bending produced by the second inverted prism is equal and opposite to the refraction or bending produced by the first prism. This causes the seven colours to recombine.
  7. A white patch of light is formed on the screen placed beyond the second prism. This proves the phenomenon of recombination of spectrum of white light.

Answer. 17.
Structural isomers are carbon compounds that have the same or identical molecular formula but different structural formula. An example of structural isomers is shown below :

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 8

In addition to straight and branched carbon chains, some compounds have carbon atoms arranged in the form of a ring. Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon giving rise to large molecules. This property is called catenation. We can find compounds with long chains of carbon or even carbon atoms arranged in a ring. In addition carbon atoms can be linked by single, double or triple bonds. As carbon is tetravalent it forms covalent bonds with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element. These bonds are very strong and so the elements are very stable. Compounds of carbon which are linked by only single bonds between carbon atom are called saturated compounds. Compounds of carbon having double or triple bonds between their carbon atoms are called unsaturated compounds.
OR
(a) Compounds of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons, e.g., methane, ethane, etc.
(b) Saturated hydrocarbons contains carbon-carbon single bonds, e.g., methane, ethane. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain atleast one carbon-carbon double or triple bond, e.g., ethene, ethyne.
(c) Functional group is an atom or group of atoms joined in a specific manner which is responsible for the characteristics properties of the organic compounds, e.g., OH, – CHO.

Answer. 18.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 9
(b) Hormones are chemical substances secreted by ductless or endocrine glands in the body. One such hormone is adrenaline. It is secreted by the adrenal glands which areb present just above the kidneys. Adrenaline is directly released into the blood and carried to different parts of the body. The target organs on which it acts includes the heart. As a result, the heart beats faster, resulting in supply of more oxygen to our muscles. The blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to contraction of muscles around small arteries in these organs. This diverts the blood to the skeletal muscles. There is an increase in the breathing rate too. All these responses make the animal body ready to face the situation. The animal either faces the situation or flees from danger. Hence adrenaline is called the fight or flight hormone.

Answer. 19.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 10
Aim : Same current flows through every part of the above circuit.
Procedure :

  1. Connect the another ammeters, ‘A1‘ between B and C, and ‘A2‘ between D and E.
  2. Adjust the sliding contact ‘j’ of the rheostat initially for a small current.
  3. Note all the ammeter readings. This reading gives us current flowing through the resistors R1,R2 and R3.
  4. The current in the circuit is now increased by changing the position of sliding contact ‘j’ of the rheostat.
  5. Note all the ammeter readings each time.

Conclusion : Same reading of all the ammeter in each observation concluded that same current flows through every part of the circuit.

Precautions:

  1. All the connection should be tight and properly connected as per circuit diagram.
  2. The positive terminal of the ammeter and voltmeter must be connected to the positive terminal of the battery or battery eliminator.

Answer. 20.
Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another in an effort to get the stable electronic configuration in their outermost shell. The bond formed is called electrovalent bond and the atoms in that are either positive or negative ions. These ions are held together by strong forces of attraction. Hence ionic compounds are usually solids.

  1. Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points this means a lot of energy is required to break the strong inter-ionic attraction.
  2. A solution of ionic compounds contains ions which move to the oppositely charged electrodes when current passes through the solution. Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state as ions cannot move about. Ionic compounds conduct electricity in the molten state as the electrostatic forces between the ions is overcome by the heat.

Answer. 21.
Forests are an important natural resource due to following reasons :

  1. Forests provide us wood, dry fruits, spices, gums, resins, dyes, tannins and various products like honey, camphour, rubber etc.
  2. The roots of trees hold the soil firmly preventing soil erosion.
  3. It absorbs carbon dioxide from atmosphere and release oxygen which is life supporter.
  4. It absorbs carbon dioxide which is a greenhousfe gas thus plays an important role in reducing global warming.
  5. It increases frequency of rainfall and regulates water cycle.
  6. It serves as a shelter for wildlife.

Causes of deforestation are :

  1. Large scale deforestation for demand of wood, timber as raw materials for industries, domestic purposes etc.
  2. Construction of dams, reservoirs, roads, railways.
  3. Setting up of factories and industries.
  4. Construction of big apartments to provide space to the growing population.
  5. Shifting cultivation for agriculture.
  6. Overgrazing by livestock.

OR
While looking at the conventional sources of energy a number of points can be considered. Wood has been used as a fuel for a long time. This can continue if only we have enough trees around to provide a continuous supply of wood. Even cow-dung cakes are used as fuel. With a large livestock population in our country cow-dung cake can also be used as a steady source of fuel. As both these fuels are from plant and animal products, the source of these fuels is said to be biomass. These fuels, however, do not produce much heat on burning and a lot of smoke is given out when they are burnt. So, one has to look out for new technological inputs to improve the efficiency of these fuels. When wood is burnt in a limited supply of oxygen, water and other volatile substances in it are removed and only charcoal is left behind as residue. Charcoal bums without flames, is comparatively smokeless and has higher heat generation efficiency.

Cow-dung, plant residue after harvesting of crops, vegetable waste and sewage are decomposed in the absence of oxygen to give bio-gas. As the starting material is mainly cow-dung, it is popularly known as gobar-gas. Biogas is produced in the biogas plant biogas is an excellent fuel as it contains upto 75% methane. It bums without smoke, leaves no residue like ash in wood, charcoal and coal burning. Its heating capacity is high. Biogas is also used for lighting. The slurry left behind is removed periodically and is used as excellent manure, rich in nitrogen and phosphorous. The large-scale utilization of bio¬waste and sewage material provides a safe and efficient method of waste-disposal besides supplying energy and manure.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 11

SECTION – B

Answer. 22.
(a) Red litmus remains red and blue litmus turns red.

Answer. 23.
(a) There will be no smell of gases coming out of the boiling tube.
(b) The light green crystals of ferrous sulphate will turn white in colour.

Answer. 24.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science Paper 10 12

Answer. 25.
The gas that is collected at the end of the process is allowed to pass through lime water. When lime water turns milky it is a confirmation that the gas is CO2.

Answer. 26.
Milliammeter has negative zero error and voltmeter has positive zero error.
Zero correction is always, negative of zero error.
∴ Milliammeter reading = 38 – (- 4) = 38 + 4 = 42 mA
Voltmeter reading = 3.6 – (+ 0.4)
= 3.6 – 0.4 = 3.2 V
OR
Ammeter and rheostat are connected in series.
This is because only one common point exists between ammeter, cell and rheostat.

Answer. 27.
When the object is at infinity from a convex lens, then the image formed is at focus (on the other side of the lens). The lens with stand is fixed at 5.8 cm. The focal length of convex lens is 8 cm. Therefore, he should fix up the screen at 13.8 cm mark on the scale.

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TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System

TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System are part of TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions. Here we have given TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System.

BoardCBSE
TextbookNCERT
ClassClass 11
SubjectAccountancy
ChapterChapter 16
Chapter NameAccounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System
Number of Questions Solved38
CategoryTS Grewal Solutions

TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System

Question 1.
Following information of an accounting year is given:
Opening Capital ₹ 60,000; Drawings ₹ 5,000; Capital added during the year ₹ 10,000 and Closing Capital ₹ 90,000. Calculate the Profit and Loss for the year.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 1

Question 2.
Mayank does not keep proper records of his business, he gives you the following information:
Opening Capital – ₹ 1,00,000
Closing Capital – ₹ 1,25,000
Drawings during the year – ₹ 30,000
Capital added during the year – ₹ 37,500
Calculate the profit or loss for the year.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 2

Question 3.
Capital of Ganesh Gupta in the beginning of the year was ₹ 70,000. During the year his business earned a profit of ₹ 20,000, he withdrew ₹ 7,000 for his persona use. He sold ornaments of his wife for ₹ 20,000, and invested that amount into the business. Find out his Capital at the end of the year.
Solution:
Capital at the end of the year = Capital in the beginning + Additional Capital + Profit – Drawings
= 70,000 + 20,000 + 20,000 – 7,000
= Rs. 1,03,000

Question 4.
Vikas maintains his books of account on Single Entry System. He provides following information from his books. Find out additional capital
introduced in the business during the year 2017-18.
Opening Capital – ₹ 1,30,000 ; Drawing during the year ₹ 50,000
Closing Capital – ₹ 2,00,000 ; Profit made during the year ₹ 1,00,000
Solution:
Additional Capital = Closing Capital + Drawings – (Opening Capital + Profit) = 2,00,000 + 50,000 – (1,30,000 + 1,00,000)
= 2,50,000 – 2,30,000 = Rs.20,000

Question 5.
Mohan maintains books on Single Entry System. He gives you the following information:
Capital on 1st April, 2017 – ₹ 15,200
Capital on 31st March, 2018 – ₹ 16,900
Drawings made during the year – 4,800
Capital introduced on 1st August, 2017 – 2,000
You are required to calculat the Profit or Loss made by Mohan.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 3

Question 6.
Mahesh who keeps his books on Single Entry System sells goods at Cost plus 50%. On 1st April, 2017 his Capital was ₹ 4,00,000 and on 31st March, 2018 it was ₹ 3,50,000. He had withdrawn ₹ 20,000 per month besides goods of the sale value of ₹ 60,000. How much did he earn in 2017-18?
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 4
Calculation For Cost of Goods Sold:
Sales = COGS + Profit
Cost of Goods Sold = 100
Gross Profit = 50
Sales = 150
Gross Profit = \(\frac { 50 }{ 150 }\) or \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)
Sales = 60,000 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\) = 20,000
COGS = Sales – Gross Profit = 60,000 – 20,000 = 40,000
Drawings = Cash + Cost of Goods Sold
Drawings = 2,40,000 + 40,000 = 2,80,000

Question 7.
Krishan started his business on 1st April, 2017 with a Capital of ₹ 1,00,000. On 31st March, 2018, his assets were :
Cash – ₹ 3,200
Stock – ₹ 34,800
Debtors – ₹ 31,000
Plant – ₹ 85,000
He owed ₹ 12,000 to sundry creditors and ₹ 10,000 to his brother on that date. He withdrew ₹ 2,000 per month for the private expenses. Ascertain his profit.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 5

Question 8.
Ram Prashad keeps his books on Single Entry System and from them and the particulars supplied, the following figures were gathered together on 31st March, 2018:
Book Debts ₹ 10,000; Cash in Hand ₹ 510; Stock-in-Trade (estimated) ₹ 6,000; Furniture and Fittings ₹ 1,200; Trade Creditors ₹ 4,000; Bank Overdraft ₹ 1,000; Ram Prashad stated that he started business on 1st April with cash ₹ 6000 paid into bank but stocks valued at ₹ 4,000. During the year he estimated his drawings to be ₹ 2,400. You are required to prepare the statement, showing the profit for the year, after writing off 10% for Depreciation on Furniture and Fittings.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 6
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 7

Question 9.
Shruti maintains her books of account from Incomplete Records. Her books provide the following information:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 8
She with drew ₹ 500 per month for personal expenses. She sold her Investments of ₹ 16,000 at 5% premium and introduced the amount into business.
You are required to prepare a Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ending 31st March, 2016.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 9
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 10

Question 10.
Hari maintains her books of account on Single Entry System. His books provide the following information:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 11
His drawings during the year were ₹ 5,000 Depreciate furniture by 10% and provide a reserve for Bad and Doubtful Debts at 10% on Sundry Debtors.
Prepare the statement showing the profits for the year.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 12
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 13

Question 11.
A commenced business on 1st April, 2017 with a capital of ₹ 10,000. He immediately bought Furniture and Fixtures for ₹ 2,000. On 1st October, 2017, he borrowed ₹ 5,000 from his wife @ 9% p.a. (interest not yet paid) and introduced a further capital of his own amounting to ₹ 1,500. A drew @ ₹ 300 per month at the end of each month for household expenses. On 31st March, 2018 his position was as follows:
Cash in Hand ₹ 2,800; Sundry Debtors ₹ 4,800; Stock ₹ 6,800; Bills Receivable ₹ 1,600; Sundry Creditors ₹ 500 and owing for Rent ₹ 150. Furniture and Fixtures to be depreciated by 10%. Ascertain the profit or loss made by A during 2017-18.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 14

Question 12.
Kuldeep, a general merchant, keeps his accounts on Single Entry System. He wants to know the results, of his business on 31st March, 2018 and for that following information is available:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 15
During the year, he had withdrawn ₹ 5,00,000 for his personal use and invested ₹ 2,50,000 as additional cpaital. Calculate his profits on 31st March, 2018 and prepare the Statement of Affairs as on that date.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 16

Question 13.
Following information is supplied to you by a shopkeeper:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 59During the year, he withdrew ₹ 2,500 per month for dometstic purposes. He also borrowed from a friend at 9% a sum of ₹ 20,000 on 1st October, 2017. He has not yet paid the interest. A provision of 5% on debotrs for doubtful debts is to be made.
Ascertain the profit or loss made by him during the period.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 60
Question 14.
Vikas is keeping his accounts according to Single Entry System. His capital on 31st December, 2015 was ₹ 2,50,000 and his capital on 31st December, 2016 was ₹ 4,25,000. He further informs you that during the year he gave a loan of ₹ 30,000 to his brother on private account and withdrew ₹ 1,000 per month for personal purposes. He used a flat for his personal purpose, the rent of which @ ₹ 1,800 per month and electricity charges at an average of 10% of rent per month were paid from the business account. During the year he sold his 7% Government Bonds of ₹ 50,000 at 1% premium and brought that money into the business.
Prepare a Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31st December, 2016.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 17

Question 15.
Manu started business with a capital of ₹ 4,00,000 on 1st October, 2005. He borrowed from his friend a sum of ₹ 1,00,000. He brought further ₹ 75,000 as capital on 31st March, 2006, his position was:
Cash : ₹ 30,000; Stock : ₹ 4,70,000; Debtors : ₹ 3,50,000 and Creditors : ₹ 3,00,000.
He withdrew ₹ 8,000 per month during this period. Calculate profit on loss, for the period.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 18

Question 16.
From the following information relating to the business of Mr. X who keeps books on Single Entry System, ascertaint the profit or loss for the year 2017-18:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 19
Mr. X withdrew ₹ 4,100 during the year to meet his household expenses. He introduced ₹ 300 as fresh capital on 15th January, 2018. Machinery and Furniture are to be depreciated at 10% and 5% p.a. respectively.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 20
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 21

Question 17.
X, a retailer, has not maintained proepr books of accont but it has been possible to obtain the follwoing details:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 22
Calculate the net profit for this year and draft the Statement of Affairs at the end of the year after noting that:
(a) Shop Fittings are to be depreciated by ₹ 780.
(b) X has drawn ₹ 100 per week for his own use.
(c) Included in the Trade Debtors is an irrecoverable balance of ₹ 270.
(d) Interest at 5% p.a. is due on the loan from Naresh but has not been paid for the year.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 23

Question 18.
On 1st April, 2017, X started a business with ₹ 40,000 as his capital. On 31st March, 2018, his position was as follows:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 24
During the year 2017-18, X drew ₹ 24,000. On 1st October, 2017, he introduced further capital amounting to ₹ 30,000. You are required to ascertain profit on loss made by him during the year 2017-18.
Adjustments:
(a) Plant is to be depreciated at 10%.
(b) A provision of 5% is to be made against debtors, Also prepare the Statement of Affairs as on 31st March, 2018.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 25

Question 19.
C maintains his books according to Single Entry System. Following figures were available from the books for the six months ended 31st December 2017:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 26
Adjustments:
(a) He had withdrawn ₹ 200 in the beginning of every month for household purposes.
(b) Depreciation on Plant and Machinery @ 10% p.a.
(c) Further Bad Debts ₹ 5,000 and Provision for Doubtful Debts to be created @ 2%.
(d) During the period, salaries have been prepaid by ₹ 500 while wages outstanding were ₹ 1,000.
(e) Interest on drawings to be reckoned @ 6% p.a.
You are required to prepare the Statement of Profit or Loss for the half year ended 31st December, 2017, followed by Revised Statement of Affairs as on that date.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 61TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 28
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 29

Question 20.
A firm sells goods at a Gross profit of 25% of sales. On 1st April, 2017 the Stock was ₹ 40,000; Purchases were ₹ 1,10,000 and the Stock on 31st March, 2018 was ₹ 30,000. What was the value of Sales?
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 30

Question 21.
A firm sells goods at Cost plus 25%. Sales to credit customers (\(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) of total) was ₹1,80,000. His Opening and Closing Stocks were ₹ 20,000 and ₹ 15,000 respectively. Find out the value of Purchases.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 31
Calculation For Gross Profit = 2,40,000 × 20% = 48,000

Question 22.
Calculate Stock in the beginning:
Sales – ₹ 80,000
Purchases – ₹ 60,000
Stock at the end – ₹ 8,000
Loss on Cost – \(\frac { 1 }{ 6 }\)
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 32
Calculation For Gross Loss = 80,000 × 20% = 16,000

Question 23.
Calculate the Stock at the end:
Stock in the beginning – ₹ 20,000
Cash Sales – ₹ 60,000
Credit Sales – ₹ 40,000
Purchases – ₹ 70,000
Rate of Gross Profti on cost – \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 33
Calculation For Gross Profit = 1,00,000 × 25% = 25,000

Question 24.
Calculate the value of CLosing Stock from the following information:
Purchases – ₹ 93,000
Wages – ₹ 20,000
Sales – ₹ 1,20,000
Carriage Outwards – ₹ 3,200
Opening Stock – ₹ 16,000
Rate of Gross Profit 25% on Cost
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 34
Calculation For Gross Profit = 1,20,000 × 20% = 24,000
Note: Carriage Outward pass the entry on Profit and Loss A/c

Question 25.
Calculate Purchases:
Cost of Goods Sold – ₹ 65,000
Stock in the beginning – ₹ 4,000
Closing Stock – ₹ 5,000
Solution:
Purchases = Cost of Goods sold – Opening Stock + Closing Stock
Purchases = 65,000 – 4,000 + 5,000 = 66,000

Question 26.
Calculate Sales:
Cost of goods sold – ₹ 2,00,000
Rate of Gross Profit 20% on Sales
Solution:
Gross Profit = 2,00,000 × 25% = 50,000
COGS + Gross Profit = Sales
2,00,000 + 50,000 = 2,50,000

Question 27.
Debtors in the beginning of the year were ​₹ 30,000, Sales on credit during the year were ₹ 75,000, Cash received from the Debtors during the year was ₹ 35,000, Returns Inward (regarding credit sales) were ₹ 5,000 and Bills Receivable drawn during the year were ₹ 25,000. Find the balance of Debtors at th end of the year, assuming that there were Bad Debts during the year of ₹ 2,000.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 35

Question 28.
Creditors on 1st April, 2017 were ₹ 15,000, Purchases on credit were ₹ 30,000, Cash paid to Creditors during 2017-18 was ₹ 20,000, Returns Outward (regarding credit purchases) were ₹ 1,000 and Bills Payable accepted during the year ₹ 10,000. Find the balance of Creditors on 31st March, 2018.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 36

Question 29.
Following information is given of an accounting year:
Opening Creditors ₹ 15,000; Cash paid to creditors ₹ 15,000; Returns Outward ₹ 1,000 and Closing creditors ₹ 12,000.
Calculate Credit Purchases during the year.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 37

Question 30.
From the following information supplied by X, who keeps his books on Single Entry System, you are required to calculate Total Purchases:
Opening balance of Bills Payable – ₹ 5,000
Opening balance of Creditors – ₹ 6,000
Closing balance of Bills Payable – ₹ 7,000
Closing balance of Creditors – ₹ 4,000
Cash paid to Creditors during the year – ₹ 30,200
Bills Payable discharged during the year – ₹ 8,900
Returns Outward – ₹ 1,200
Cash Purchases – ₹ 25,800
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 38
Total Purchases = Cash Purchases + Credit Purchases
Total Purchases = 25,800 + 40,300 = Rs 66,100

Question 31.
Cash sales of a business in a year were ​₹ 85,000, the Cost of Goods Sold (including direct expenses) was ₹ 97,000 and Gross Profit as shown by the Trading Account for the year was ₹ 1,29,000. Calculate Credit Sales during the year.
Solution:
Gross Profit = Net Sales – Cost of Goods Sold
1,29,000 = Net Sales – 97,000
Net Sales = Rs 2,26,000
Credit Sales = Total Net Sales – Cash Sales
Credit Sales = 2,26,000 – 85,000 = Rs 1,41,000

Question 32.
From the following information, calculate Total Sales made during the period:
Debtors as on 1st April, 2017 – ₹ 20,400
Cash received from debtors during the year (as per Cash Book) – ₹ 60,800
Returns Inward – ₹ 5,400
Bad Debts – ₹ 2,400
Debtors as on 31st March, 2018 – ₹ 27,600
Cash Sales (as per Cash Book) – ₹ 56,800
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 39
Total Sales = Cash Sales + Credit Sales
Total Sales = 56,800 + 75,800 = Rs 1,32,600

Question 33.
Calculate Total Sales from the following information:
Bills Receivables as on 1st April, 2017 – ₹ 7,800
Debtors as on 1st April, 2017 – ₹ 30,800
Cash received on maturity of Bills Receivable during the year – ₹ 20,900
Cash received from Debtors – ₹ 70,000
Bad Debts written off – ₹ 4,800
Returns Inward – ₹ 8,700
Bills Receivable dishonoured – ₹ 1,800
Bills Receivable on 31st March, 2018 – ₹ 6,000
Debtors as on 31st March, 2018 – ₹ 25,500
Cash Sales during the year – ₹ 15,900
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 40
Total Sales = Cash Sales + Credit Sales
Total Sales = 15,900 + 97,300 = Rs 1,13,200

Question 34.
From the following information, ascertain the opening balance of Sundry Debtors and the closing balance of Sundry Creditors:
Sundry Creditors as on 31st March, 2017 – ₹ 20,600
Sundry Debtors as on 31st March, 2018 – ₹ 37,400
Stock as on 31st March, 2017 – ₹ 26,000
Stock as on 31st March, 2018 – ₹ 24,000
During the year ended 31st March, 2018:
Purchases – ₹ 1,10,000
Discount allowed by creditors – ₹ 800
Discount allowed to customers – ₹ 1,100
Cash paid to sundry creditors – ₹ 95,000
Bills Payable issued by them – ₹ 14,000
Bills Receivable received from customers – ₹ 16,500
Cash received from customers – ₹ 1,30,000
Bills receivable dishonoured – ₹ 1,900
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 41
Cost of Goods Sold = Opening Stock + Purchases – Closing Stock
Cost of Goods Sold = 26,000 + 1,10,000 – 24,000 = 1,12,000
Gross Profit = \(\frac { 30 }{ 70 }\) x 112000 = Rs. 48,000
Sales = Cost of Goods Sold + Gross Profit
Sales = 1,12,000 + 48,000 = Rs 1,60,000
Credit Sales = 1,60,000 – 20,000 = Rs 1,40,000
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 42

Question 35.
Roshan, whose accounts are maintained by Single Entry System, acquired a retail business on 1st April, 2017. He had ₹ 40,000 of his own and he borrowed ₹ 20,000 from his wife. He paid ₹ 15,000 for Goodwill ₹ 5,000 for Furniture and ₹ 35,000 for Stock.
Total cash received by him during the financial year from the Debtors was ₹ 2,30,000. His payments were:
Purchases – ₹ 1,56,000
Salary and Wages – ₹ 21,400
Trade Expenses – ₹ 7,200
Rent:
For business premises – ₹ 5,920
For private house – ₹ 2,960
Payments made for domestic purposes and drawings – ₹ 26,400
At the end of the year, the Stock was ₹ 37,500. He owed ₹ 13,500 to Creditors for goods and his customers owed to him ₹ 15,000. Provide 5% for Depreciation on Furniture, Interest at 5% on wife’s Loan and ₹ 1,000 for Doubtful Debts.
Prepare the Cash Account, the Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March, 2018 and the Balance Sheet at the close of the year.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 43
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 44
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 45

Question 36.
Vijay commenced business as foodgrains merchant on 1st April, 2017 with a capital of ₹ 4,00,000. On the same day, he purchased furniture for ₹ 80,000. From the following particulars obtained from his books which do not conform to Double Entry principles, you are required to prepare the Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March, 2018 and the Balance Sheet as on that date:
Sales (including Cash Sales ₹ 2,00,000) – ₹ 5,00,000
Purchases (including Cash Purchases ₹ 1,20,000) – ₹ 4,00,000
Vijay’s Drawings (in cash) – ₹ 40,000
Salaries to Staff – ₹ 48,000
Bad Debts written off – ₹ 4,000
Trade Expenses paid – ₹ 16,000
Vijay used goods of ₹ 12,000 for private purposes during the year. On 31st March, 2018, his Debtors amounted to ₹ 1,40,000 and Creditors ₹ 80,000. Stock-in-Trade on that date was ₹ 1,60,000.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 46
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 47

Question 37.
Following information is obtained from the books of Vinay, who maintained his books of account under Single Entry System:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 48
Vinay banks all receipts and makes payments by means of cheque.
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 49
From the above information, prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March, 2018 and Balance Sheet as on that date.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 50
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 51
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 52

Question 38.
Surya does not keep a systematic record of his transactions. He is able to give you the following information regarding his assets and liabilities:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 53
Following additional information is also avialable for the year ended 31st March, 2018:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 54
Bad Debts during the year were ₹ 900. As regards sale, Surya tells you that he always sells goods at Cost plus 25%. Furniture and Fittings are to be depreciated at 10% of the value in the beginning of the year.
Prepare Surya’s Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March, 2018 and his Balance Sheet on that date.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 55
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 56
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 57
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 16 Accounts from Incomplete Records Single Entry System image - 58

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TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange

TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange are part of TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions. Here we have given TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange.

BoardCBSE
TextbookNCERT
ClassClass 11
SubjectAccountancy
ChapterChapter 12
Chapter NameAccounting for Bills of Exchange
Number of Questions Solved44
CategoryTS Grewal Solutions

TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange

Question 1.
Calculate the due dates of the bills in the following cases:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 1
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 2
Note:
(i) As per this Question, point no. iii. Correct answer is Due Date of 3rd March 2018. While, according to the book is solution is 1st March 2018.
(ii) As per this Question, point no. ii. Correct answer is Due Date of 3rd July 2018. While, according to the book is solution is 3rd July 2017

Question 2.
On 10th March, 2018, A draws on B a bill at 3 months for ₹20,000 which B accepts immediately and returns to A. The bill is honoured due date.
​Pass necessary Journal entries in the books of both the parties.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 3

Question 3.
On 1st January, 2018, A sold goods to B for ₹ 5,000 plus IGST @ 18%. A received ₹ 900 by cheque from B and drew on him a bill for the balance amount payable 3 months after date. The bill was duly accepted by B. A retained the bill till due date. On due date, the bill was paid. Pass Journal entries in the books of A and B. Also, show necessary accounts in the books of both the parties.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 4
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 5

Question 4.
Manish sold goods to Kumar for ₹ 10,000 plus CGST and SGST @ 9% each. He received ₹ 1,800 in cash and drew on him a bill for ₹ 10,000 payable 3 months after date. Kumar accepted the bill and returned it to Manish. On due date, Manish presented the bill to Kumar who honoured it. Pass Journal entries in the books of both the parties.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 6

Question 5.
Vinod sold goods to Darbara Singh for ₹ 1,000. He drew on the latter a bill for the amount payable 3 months after date.He discounted the bill with his bankers for ₹ 990. On maturity, the bill is duly met. Make the Journal entries in the books of Vinod and Darbara Singh.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 7

Question 6.
Dinesh received from Shridhar an acceptance for ₹ 3,000 on 1st September, 2016 at 3 months. Dinesh got the acceptance discounted at 9% p.a. from his bank. On the due date, Shridhar paid the required amount.
Give the Journal entries in the books of Dinesh and Shridhar.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 8

Question 7.
A drew a bill of ₹ 1,000 on B for 3 months which was duly accepted by the latter. A endorsed the bill to C in full payment of his own acceptance to C for a like amount. C endorsed the bill to B.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 9

Question 8.
A owed B ₹ 8,000. He gave a bill for the same on 1st August, 2017 payable after 4 months at the Bank of India. Chandni Chowk, Delhi. Immediately after receiving the bill, B endorsed it to C in payment of his debt. On 1st Sepetember, C discounted the bill at 12% p.a. The bill is met on due date. Pass the necessary Journal entries in the books of A, B and C.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 10

Question 9.
A sold goods to B for ₹ 20,000 plus CGST and SGST @ 9% each on credit 3 months. B paid A ₹ 3,600 by cheque and accepted a draft for the balance amount. The draft was endorsed in favour of C, who got the payment on maturity.
Give Journal entries in the books of A.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 11

Question 10.
On 10th July, 2017, A sold goods to B for ₹ 35,000 plus IGST @ 18%. He drew on him a 3 months bill for ₹ 35,000 and received cheque for the balance amount. B accepted the bill. After 10 days, A endorsed the bill to his creditor C. On due date, acceptance is duly met. Show entries in the books of A, B and C.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 12
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 13

Question 11.
Mohan Singh draws a bill on Jagat for ₹ 1,000 payable 2 months after date. Immediately after its acceptance, Mohan Singh sends the bill to his bank for collection. On due date, bank gets the payment. Make the entries in the books of all the parties.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 14
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 15

Question 12.
X draws on Y a bill for ₹ 4,000 which was duly accepted by Y. Y meets the bill on its due date. Show what entries would be passed in the books of X under each of the following circumstances:
(a) If X retains the bill till due date.
(b) If X discounts the same with his banker paying ₹ 100 for discount.
(c) If X endorses the same to his creditor Z in full settlement of his debt of ₹ 4,080.
(d) If X sends the bill to his banker for collection the next day.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 16
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 17

Question 13.
Ram draws a bill for ₹ 2,000 on Shyam on 15th September, 2017 for 3 months. On maturity, Shyam failed to honour th bill.
Pass the necessary Journal entries in the books of Ram and Shyam.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 18

Question 14.
On 20th March, 2018, Naresh sold goods to Kailash to the vlaue of ₹ 1,250, taking a bill at 3 months for the amount. On maturity, the bill was dishonoured. Naresh paid ₹ 10 as noting charges. On 1st July, Kailash cleared his account by paying ₹ 1,260.
Make the entries in the books of both the parties to record the above transactions.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 19
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 20

Question 15.
On 1st July, 2017, A drew a bill for ₹ 5,000 on B payable after 3 months. A discounted it with the Bank for ₹ 4,850. On maturity B failed to pay the amount of his acceptance and the bank had to pay ₹ 50 as noting charges.
Draw up the necessary Journal entries in the books of A and B.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 21
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 21

Question 16.
On 15th June, 2017, Mohan sold goods to Sohan valued at ₹ 2,000. He drew a bill at 3 months for the amount and discounted the same with his bankers at ₹ 1,960. On the due date the bill was dishonoured and Mohan paid to the bank the amount due plus the noting charges of ₹ 10.
Draft the Journal entries in the books of all parties.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 23
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 24

Question 17.
On 1st March, 2018, R accepted a Bill of Exchange of ₹ 20,000 from S payable 3 months after date in full settlement of his dues. On the same day S endorsed the Bill of Exchanges to T together with a cheque for ₹ 5,000 in settlement of his debt to the latter. On 2nd March, 2018, T discounted the Bill of Exchange @ 6% p.a. with his bankers. On maturity the Bill of Exchange was dishonoured.
Journalise the transactions in the books of R and T.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 25
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 26

Question 18.
On 1st January, 2018, A drew a bill on B for ₹ 10,000 payable after 3 months. B accepted the bill and returned it to A. After 10 days, A endorsed the bill to his creditor C. On the due date, the bill was dishonoured and C paid ₹ 50 as noting charges.
Record the transactions in the books of A, B and C.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 27
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 28

Question 19.
B owes A ₹ 4,000. On 1st January, 2018, B accepts a 3 months bill for ₹ 3,900 being in full settlement of the claim. At its due date the bill is dishounoured. Nothing charges ₹ 50 are paid by A. Give the Journal entries in the books of A and B.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 29

Question 20.
Y owes X ₹ 4,000. On 1st January, 2017, Y accepts a 3 months bill for ₹ 3,900 in satisfaction of his full claim. On the same date, it was endorsed by X to Z in satisfaction of his claim of ₹ 3,980. The bill is dishonoured on the due date. Give the Journal entries in the books of X.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 30

Question 21.
Rama sold goods of ₹ 12,000, charged IGST @ 18% to Reshma on 1st January, 2018. On the same date Rama draws a bill on Reshma for ₹ 12,000 for a period of 3 months and received the balance amount by cheque. On receipt of the bill on 1st January, 2018 duly accepted by Reshma, Rama discounts it with a bank at 6% p.a. On the date of maturity, the bill was dishonoured, the bank having to pay ₹ 500 as noting charges. Reshma paid the due amount less ₹ 500 in full settlement.
Show Journal entries arising from the above in the books of both Rama and Reshma.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 31
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 32

Question 22.
On 1st January, 2017, A draws a bill on B for ₹ 1,000 payable after 3 months. Immediately after its acceptance, A sends the bill to his bank for collection. On the due date, the bill was dishonoured. Record the transactions in the Journals of A and B.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 33

Question 23.
A bill for ₹ 1,000 is drawn by A on B and accepted by the latter payable at the New Bank of India. Show what entries should be passed in the books of A under each of the following circumstances:
(a) If A retained the bill till the due date and then realized it on maturity.
(b) If A discounted it with his bankers for ₹ 950.
(c) If A endorsed it to his creditor C in full settlement of his debt.
(d) If A sent it to his bankers for collection.
Also, give the necessary entries in each of the cases if the bill is dishonoured.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 34
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 35

Question 24.
On 1st January, 2018 for goods sold, Ramesh drew a Bill of Exchange on Mahesh for ₹ 4,000, for a period of 3 months. Mahesh accepts it and returns to Ramesh. Ramesh then endorses it to Mukesh who in turn endorses it to Suresh on 1st February, 2018. The bill is then discounted by Suresh on the same date with his banker at 5% p.a. On the due date the bill is dishonoured.
Pass the necessary Journal entries in the books of all the four parties.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 36
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 37

Question 25.
A purchases goods worth ₹ 6,200 from B and gives him his acceptance for ₹ 6,000 in full satisfaction. B purchases goods worth ₹ 10,000 from C and endorses the bill to him, paying the balance by cheque. On maturity the bill is dishonoured, noting charges amounted to ₹ 100.
Give the Journal entries in the books of A, B and C.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 38
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 39

Question 26.
X sells goods for ₹ 40,000 to Y on 1st January, 2012 and on the same day draws a bill on Y at three months for the amount. Y accepts it and returns it to X, who discounted it on 4th January, 2018 with his bank at 6% p.a. The acceptance is dishonoured on the due date and the noting charges were paid by bank being ₹ 200.
On 4th April, 2018, Y accepts a new bill at three months for the amount then due to X together with interest at 12% p.a.
Make Journal entries to record these transactions in the books of X.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 40
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 41

Question 27.
On 1st January, 2018, X received from Y three Bills of Exchange for ₹ 6,000; ₹ 8,000; and ₹ 10,000 for 6 months, 4 months and 3 months respectively. On 3rd January the first bill was discounted by X with his bankers at a discount of 5% p.a. On 1st February the 3rd bill was endorsed in favour of a creditor Z. The second bill was retained till the due date. On due dates all the three bills were dishonoured.
Show the necessary Journal entries in the books of X and Y.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 42
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 43

Question 28.
On 1st January, 2018, Mr. X sold goods to Mr. Y for ₹ 4,500 on credit and drew 3 bills on him first bill for ₹ 1,000 for 1 month, second bill for ₹ 1,500 for 2 months and third bill for ₹ 2,000 for 3 months. Mr. Y accepted and returned all the bills to Mr. X.
The first bill was retained by Mr. X till the date of maturity. Second bill was endorsed to his creditor Mr. Z on 3rd January, 2018 and third bill was sent to bank for collection on 4th January, 2017. On maturity all the bills were dishonoured and noting charges amount to ₹ 10, ₹ 15 and ₹ 20 respectively. Give the Journal entries in the books of X, Y and Z.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 44
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 45

Question 29.
Ram owes ₹ 2,000 to Mohan on 1st January, 2018. On this date, he accepted a draft for the amount for 3 months. Mohan got the bill discounted at his bank @ 6% p.a. On the due date, the bill was dishonured, nothing charges ₹ 20. Ram agreed to pay ₹ 520 immediately and accept another bill for the remaining amount for 3 months together with interest at 9% p.a. This bill was met on the due tate. Give the Journal entries in the books of both the parties.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 46
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 47

Question 30.
On 15th June, 2017, X sold to Y goods to the value of ₹ 15,000 drawing upon the latter two bills, one for ₹ 10,000 payable 2 months after date and other for ₹ 5,000 payable 3 months after date, X discounted the first bill with his bankers at 6% p.a. and endorsed the second bill in favour of his creditor, Z. The first bill was met on maturity but the second was dishonoured. Z paid ₹ 50 as noting charges. On 1st October, Y cleared his account to X by paying ₹ 5,100 which included ₹ 50 a s interest.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 48
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 49

Question 31.
X draws a bill on Y for ₹ 2,000 on 1st January, 2017, Y accepts the same and returns it to X. The bill was drawn by X in full settlement of a debt owing by Y amounted to ₹ 2,050. X discounts the bill on the same date with the Central Bank of India for ₹ 1,980. At maturity the bill was duly met by Y. Give the entries in the books of X and Y. Suppose the bill is dishonoured, what entries witll be passed?
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 50
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 51

Question 32.
On 1st June, 2017 A sold goods to B for ₹ 250. B gave to A his acceptance payable 1 month after date. Before maturity B requests A to renew it, which A does adding ₹ 10 to the new bill for interest. Make the necessary Journal entries to record these transactions in the books of both A and B.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 52
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 53

Question 33.
A sold goods to B on 1st September, 2017 for ₹ 16,000. B immediately accepted a 3 months bill. On the due date, B requested that the bill be renewed for a further period of 2 months. A agreed provided interest at 9% p.a. was paid immediately in cash. To this B was agreeable. The second bill was met on the due date. Give the Journal entries in the books of A.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 54
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 55

Question 34.
On 1st May, 2017 Merchant & Co. sold goods to AB & Co. valued at ₹ 500 and drew upon them a bill at 3 months for the amount. AB & Co.
accepted the draft on presentation. When the bill was about to mature. AB & Co. expressed their inability to meet it, and offered to pay Merchant & Co. ₹ 200 in cash and to accept a fresh bill for the balance plus interest at 6% p.a. for 3 months Merchant & Co. agreed to the proposal and bill was renewed. On maturity, the bill was duly met.
Make the entries in the books of both the parties to record the above transactions.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 56
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 57

Question 35.
A owed B ₹ 400. A accepted a Bill of Exchange at 3 months date for this amount which B discounted for ₹ 380.
Give the necessary Journal entries in the books of A and B if this bill is:
(a) dishonoured on the due date;
(b) met at maturity and
(c) retired under rebate at 6% p.a. 2 months before its maturity.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 58
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 59
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 60

Question 36.
Amar sells goods to Bhola for ₹ 10,000 and draws upon him a bill for the amount payable 3 months after date. The bill is accepted by Bhola. Amar discounts the bill with his bankers at a discount of ₹ 150 inclusive of all charges. Bhola fails to meet this bill on maturity. Amar pays off his banker and his expenses amounting to ₹ 100. Bhola gives a fresh bill, 2 months date to Amar for ₹ 10,250, which he met at maturity.
Show the necessary Journal entries in Amar’s books.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 61

Question 37.
‘B’ being unable to meet his acceptance for ₹ 2,000 due on 15th June, approaches the Drawer ‘A’ (who is in possession of the bill) on 30th June, with the request to receive ₹ 800 in cash and draw on him for the balance plus ₹ 15 for interest at 3 months date and cancel the old bill for ₹ 2,000. A agrees to this. Pass the entries in the books of A and B.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 62

Question 38.
Give the Journal entries for the following:
(a) B’s acceptance to us for ₹ 1,000 due this day, renewed at his request for 3 months with interest @ 6% p.a.
(b) Our bill to C. Chandra for ₹ 5,000 renewed for 2 months with interest @ 6% p.a.
(c) B’s acceptance of ₹ 3,000 is discharged on his paying us cash ₹ 1,000 and accepting a fresh bill for the balance with interest ₹ 100.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 63
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 64

Question 39.
Leena sold goods to Meena on 1st March, 2009 for ₹ 68,000 and drew two Bills of Exchange of the equal amount upon Meena payable after three months. Leena immediately discounted the first bill with her bank at 12% p.a. The bill was dishonoured by Meena and Bank paid ₹ 55 as noting charges. The second bill was retired on 4th May, 2009 under a rebate of 6% p.a. with mutual agreement. Journalise the above in the books of Leena and Meena.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 65
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 66

Question 40.
How will you record the following transactions in the books Kapadia?
(a) A bill received from Dalpat for ₹ 1,000 has to be renewed, Dalpat agrees to pay ₹ 20 as interest.
(b) Swamy’s bill for ₹ 800 endorsed in favour of Ghosh dishonoured, Ghosh pays ₹ 10 as noting charges. Swamy pays ₹ 300 immediately and agrees to accept a new bill for 3 months for the balance together with interest at 6% p.a. Ghosh’s Account is settled by cheque.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 67
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 68

Question 41.
Y purchased goods for ₹ 6,000 on 1st June, 2011 from X and on the same date accepted a bill payable after three months. 3 days later, X
endorsed the bill to Z. On maturity, the bill was dishonoured for non-payment and Z had to pay ₹ 50 as noting charges. Two days after the dishonour of bill, Y paid ₹ 2,000 to X and requested him to draw a second bill for the balance plus ₹ 90 for the amount of interest, payable after two months. X accepted the proposal and draws the bill on Y, which was accepted by Y and was duly met on maturity.
Pass Journal entries for the above transactions in the books of X.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 69

Question 42.
On 1st January, 2008, A sold goods to B for ₹ 1,00,000 received ₹ 25,000 in cash and drew two bills, first ₹ 45,000 and second for ₹ 30,000 of two months each. Both bills were duly accepted by B. First bill was endorsed to C in settlement of his account of ₹ 45,000 and second bill was discounted from the bank at the rate of 12% p.a. On the due date of these bills, both bills were dishonoured, C has paid ₹ 100 and bank has paid ₹ 80 as noting charges. Pass Journal entries in the books of A, B and C.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 70
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 71
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 72

Question 43.
On 1st January, 2018, Mr. X sold goods to Mr. Y for ₹45,000 plus CGST and SGST @ 9% each on credit. Mr. Y paid the amount of GST immediately in cash. Mr. X drew 3 bills on him: first bill for ₹10,000 for 1 month, second bill for ₹15,000 for 2 months and third bill for ​₹20,000 for 3 months. Mr. Y accepted and returned all the bills to Mr. X.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 73
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 74
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 75

Question 44.
Amar sells goods to Bhola for ₹10,000 plus CGST and SGST @ 9% each. he receives the GST amount in cash and draws upon Bhola a bill for the balance amount payable 3 months after date. The bill is accepted by Bhola. Amar discounts the bill with his bank at a discount of ₹150 inclusive of all charges. Bhola fails to meet this bill on maturity. Amar pays off his bank and his expenses amounting to ₹100. Bhola gives a fresh bill of 2 months date to Amar for ₹10,250, which he meets at maturity.
​Show necessary Journal entries in Amar’s books.
Solution:
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 76
TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange image - 77

We hope the TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange help you. If you have any query regarding TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solutions Chapter 12 Accounting for Bills of Exchange, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory (Hindi Medium)

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory (Hindi Medium)

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory (Hindi Medium)

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science in Hindi Medium. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory.

प्रश्न-अभ्यास

( पाठ्यपुस्तक से)

फिर से याद करें

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित के जोड़े बनाएँ-

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 (Hindi Medium) 1
दीवानी
टीपू सुल्तान ‘शेर-ए-मैसूर”
भूराजस्व वसूल करने का अधिकार फ़ौजीदारी अदालत
सिपॉय रानी चेन्नम्मा
भारत का पहला गवर्नर-जनरल सिपाही
फ़ौजदारी अदालत वॉरेन हेस्टिंग्स
कित्तूर में अंग्रेज-विरोधी आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किया
उत्तर

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 (Hindi Medium) 2
दीवानी
भूराजस्व वसूल करने का अधिकार ‘शेर-ए-मैसूर
टीपू सुल्तान फ़ौजीदारी अदालत
फ़ौजदारी अदालत रानी चेन्नम्मा
कित्तूर में अंग्रेज़-विरोधी आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किया सिपाही
सिपॉय वॉरेन हेस्टिंग्स
भारत का पहला गवर्नर-जनरल

प्रश्न 2.
खाली स्थान भरें :
(क) बंगाल पर अंग्रेजों की जीत …………….. की जंग से शुरू हुई थी।
उत्तर
प्लासी,

(ख) हैदर अली और टीपू सुल्तान ……………… के शासक थे।
उत्तर
मैसूर,

(ग) डलहौजी ने ………………… का सिद्धांत लागू किया।
उत्तर
विलय,

(घ) मराठा रियासतें मुख्य रूप से भारत के : …………………..भाग में स्थित थीं।
उत्तर
दक्षिण

प्रश्न 3.
सही या गलत बताएँ :
(क) मुगल साम्राज्य अठारहवीं सदी में मजबूत होता गया।
उत्तर
गलत,

(ख) इंग्लिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी भारत के साथ व्यापार करने वाली एकमात्र यूरोपीय कंपनी थी।
उत्तर
गलत,

(ग) महाराजा रणजीत सिंह पंजाब के राजा थे।
उत्तर
सही,

(घ) अंग्रेजों ने अपने कब्जे वाले इलाकों में कोई शासकीय बदलाव नहीं किए।
उत्तर
गलत

आइए विचार करें

प्रश्न 4.
यूरोपीय व्यापारिक कंपनियाँ भारत की तरफ क्यों आकर्षित हो रही थीं?
उत्तर
यूरोपीय व्यापारिक कंपनियों के भारत की तरफ आकर्षित होने के निम्नलिखित कारण थे

  1. यूरोपीय कंपनियों ने भारत के साथ व्यापार में अपार संभावनाएँ देखी।
  2. यूरोपीय देशों में भारत की अनेक वस्तुओं की भारी माँग थी; जैसे-कपास, रेशम, काली मिर्च, लौंग, इलायची और दालचीनी इत्यादि।
  3. वे भारत में कम कीमत पर सामानों की खरीदकर वापस यूरोप जाकर उन्हें ऊँची कीमतों पर बेच सकते थे। इन्हीं व्यापारिक संभावनाओं के कारण यूरोपीय कंपनियाँ भारत की ओर आकर्षित हो रही थीं।

प्रश्न 5.
बंगाल के नवाबों और ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के बीच किन बातों पर विवाद थे?
उत्तर
बंगाल के नवाबों और कंपनी के बीच विवाद के कारण

  1. नवाबों ने कंपनी को छूट देने से मना कर दिया था।
  2. नवाबों ने कंपनी को व्यापारिक अधिकार देने के लिए बहुत अधिक धनराशि की माँग की।
  3. नवाबों ने कंपनी को सिक्का ढालने का अधिकार देने से भी मना कर दिया।
  4. नवाबों ने कंपनी पर टैक्स (कर) अदा नहीं करने के साथ-साथ अपमानजनक पत्र लिखने का आरोप लगाया।
  5. कंपनी ने भी नवाबों पर निम्नलिखित आरोप लगाए कि नवाबों के स्थानीय अधिकारी कंपनी के व्यापार को नष्ट कर रहे हैं, कंपनी को अधिक टैक्स देना पड़ रहा है, कंपनी को किलाबंदी के विस्तार व पुनर्निर्माण की अनुमति नहीं दी जा रही है।

प्रश्न 6.
दीवानी मिलने से ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी को किस तरह फायदा पहुँचा?
उत्तर
दीवानी मिलने से कंपनी को फायदा

  1. दीवानी मिलने के कारण कंपनी को बंगाल के विशाल राजस्व संसाधनों पर नियंत्रण मिल गया।
  2. कंपनी भारत से ज्यादातर वस्तुएँ ब्रिटेन से लाए गए सोने-चाँदी के बदले खरीदती थी, लेकिन अब उसे ब्रिटेन से सोना-चाँदी लाने की आवश्यकता ही नहीं रही।
  3. अब कंपनी भारत से होने वाले लाभ से अपने खर्च चला सकती थी; जैसे—सूती रेशमी कपड़ा खरीदना, अपनी सेना के खर्चे की पूर्ति करना और कलकत्ता में किले और दफ्तरों के निर्माण का खर्चा उठाना इत्यादि।

प्रश्न 7.
ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी टीपू सुल्तान को खतरा क्यों मानती थी?
उत्तर
टीपू सुल्तान को कंपनी द्वारा खतरा मानने के कारण-

  1. मालाबार तट पर होने वाला व्यापार मैसूर रियासत के नियंत्रण में था जहाँ से कंपनी काली मिर्च और इलायची
    खरीदती थी। टीपू सुल्तान ने अपनी रियासत के बंदरगाहों से होने वाले निर्यात पर रोक लगा दी।
  2. टीपू सुल्तान ने स्थानीय सौदागरों को भी कंपनी के साथ व्यापार करने से रोक दिया।
  3. टीपू सुल्तान ने भारत में रहने वाले फ्रांसीसी व्यापारियों से घनिष्ठ संबंध स्थापित किए और उनकी मदद से अपनी सेना का आधुनिकीकरण किया।

प्रश्न 8.
“सब्सिडियरी एलायंस” (सहायक संधि) व्यवस्था की व्याख्या करें।
उत्तर
सहायक संधि का अर्थ-गवर्नर जनरल लॉर्ड वेलेली ने भारत में कंपनी के शासन के विस्तार के उद्देश्य सहायक
संधि को अपनाया था। इसे सहायक संधि इसलिए कहा गया कि जो भी भारतीय शासक इस संधि की शर्तों को मानने के लिए तैयार हो जाता था कंपनी उसकी सुरक्षा में पूर्ण सहयोग करने का वायदा करती थी।
सहायक संधि की शर्ते-

  1. भारतीय शासकों को अपनी स्वतंत्र सेना रखने की इजाजत नहीं होगी।
  2. जिन शासकों की सुरक्षा का भार कंपनी पर होगा। वे इसके लिए कंपनी को शुल्क प्रदान करेंगे। शुल्क नहीं। | देने की स्थिति में कंपनी दंड के रूप में शुल्क के बराबर राजस्व वाला क्षेत्र शासक से छीन लेगी।
  3. शासक को अपने दरबार में एक अंग्रेज़ रेजीडेंट रखना होगा जो शासक की गतिविधियों पर नजर रखेगा।

प्रश्न 9.
कंपनी का शासन भारतीय राजाओं के शासन से किस तरह अलग था?
उत्तर
भारतीय राजाओं के शासन और कंपनी के शासन में अंतर

  1. भारतीय राजाओं ने अपने राज्य का प्रशासनिक तथा राजस्व विभाजन विभिन्न इकाइयों में कर रखा था; परंतु ये इकाइयाँ ब्रिटिश-प्रशासनिक एवं राजस्व इकाइयों की तरह प्रभावी नहीं थी। कंपनी ने प्रेजिडेंसी के रूप में एक नई प्रशासनिक इकाई बनाई थी जिसका शासन गर्वनर के पास होता था।
  2. कंपनी द्वारा पुलिस तथा राजस्व व्यवस्था में काफी सुधार किया गया था, जबकि भारतीय शासकों द्वारा पुलिस तथा राजस्व व्यवस्था को सुधारने के लिए किसी भी प्रकार का प्रयास नहीं किया गया।
  3. भारतीय राजाओं के शासन में न्यायिक व्यवस्था प्रभावी नहीं थी। एक ही तरह की अदालत दीवानी तथा फौजदारी दोनों तरह के मुकदमों की सुनवाई करती थी, जबकि अंग्रेजों ने एक आधुनिक एवं विकसित न्यायिक व्यवस्था स्थापित की थी प्रत्येक जिले में अलग-अलग दीवानी व फौजदारी अदालतें स्थापित की गई थी।

प्रश्न 10.
कंपनी की सेना की संरचना में आए बदलावों का वर्णन करें।
उत्तर
कंपनी की सेना में आए संरचनात्मक बदलाव

  1. कंपनी ने पैदल और घुड़सवार सिपाहियों की जगह पेशेवर सैनिकों की भर्ती की।
  2. कंपनी ने सैनिकों को यूरोपीय शैली में नई युद्ध तकनीक से प्रशिक्षित किया।
  3. कंपनी ने अपने सैनिकों को आधुनिक हथियारों, जैसे–मस्केट तथा मैचलॉक आदि से लैस किया गया।
  4. कंपनी ने सेना में यूरोपीय सैनिकों की संख्या बढ़ा दी तथा सेना के महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान; जैसे-तोपखाना, टैंक इत्यादि पर यूरोपीय सैनिकों को नियुक्त किया गया।
  5. सेना में यह भावना जगाई कि उनका कोई धर्म जाति, नहीं है वह केवल सैनिक है ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य के प्रति वफादारी रखना उनका कर्तव्य है।

आइए करके देखें

प्रश्न 11.
बंगाल में अंग्रेजों की जीत के बाद कलकत्ता एक छोटे से गाँव से बड़े शहर में तब्दील हो गया। औपनिवेशिक काल के दौरान शहर के यूरोपीय और भारतीय निवासियों की संस्कृति, शिल्प और जीवन के बारे में पता लगाएँ।
उत्तर
औपनिवेशिक काल के दौरान शहर के यूरोपीय और भारतीय निवासियों की संस्कृति, शिल्प और जीवन में निम्नलिखित बदलाव आए

  1. औपनिवेशिक काल में कलकत्ता एक प्रशासनिक केंद्र बन गया था। यूरोपीय लोग उच्च स्तरीय सुविधाओं से पूर्ण क्षेत्रों में रहते थे, जबकि भारतीय लोग अनियोजित सघन तथा सुविधाहीन क्षेत्रों में रहने को मजबूर थे।
  2. कलकत्ता का विकास भारत के प्रमुख सांस्कृतिक रंगमंच केंद्र के रूप में हुआ था। नाटक, सामूहिक रंगमंच भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत, धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक उत्सवों आदि में लोग उत्साहपूर्वक भाग लेते थे
  3. औपनिवेशिक शासन के दौरान कलकत्ता कई शानदार इमारतों का साक्षी बना। इसमें मिस्री रोमन, प्राच्य तथा भारतीय मुसलिम कलाकृतियों का उपयोग किया गया। भारतीय संग्रहालय विक्टेरिया मेमोरियल इत्यादि इसके कुछ उदाहरण हैं।

प्रश्न 12.
निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक के बारे में तसवीरें, कहानियाँ, कविताएँ और जानकारियाँ इकट्ठा करें-झाँसी की रानी, महादजी सिंधिया, हैदर अली, महाराजा रणजीत सिंह, लॉर्ड डलहौजी या आपके इलाके का कोई पुराना शासक।
उत्तर
महाराजा रणजीत सिंह-महाराजा रणजीत सिंह महाराजा रणजीत सिंह का जन्म पंजाब के राजपरिवार में हुआ था। उन्हें 1801 में पंजाब का महाराजा घोषित किया गया। वे एक महान शासक थे। उन्होंने अपनी प्रजा को अभिव्यक्ति एवं उपासना की स्वतंत्रता दे रखी थी उन्होंने सभी धर्मों का सदैव सम्मान किया।

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 5 When People Rebel (Hindi Medium)

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 5 When People Rebel (Hindi Medium)

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 5 When People Rebel (Hindi Medium)

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प्रश्न-अभ्यास

( पाठ्यपुस्तक से)

फिर से याद करें

प्रश्न 1.
झाँसी की रानी लक्ष्मीबाई की अंग्रेज़ों से ऐसी क्या माँग थी जिसे अंग्रेजों ने ठुकरा दिया?
उत्तर
झाँसी की रानी की माँग-झाँसी की रानी चाहती थी कि कंपनी उसके पति की मृत्यु के बाद उनके गोद लिए हुए बेटे को वैध उत्तराधिकारी मान लें।

प्रश्न 2.
ईसाई धर्म अपनाने वालों के हितों की रक्षा के लिए अंग्रेज़ों ने क्या किया?
उत्तर
ईसाई धर्म अपनाने वालों के हितों की रक्षा

  1. 1850 में एक नया कानून बनाया जिससे ईसाई धर्म को अपनाना और आसान हो गया।
  2. ईसाई धर्म अपनाने वाले भारतीयों को अपने पूर्वजों की संपत्ति प्राप्त करने का अधिकार दे दिया।

प्रश्न 3.
सिपाहियों को नए कारतूसों पर क्यों ऐतराज था?
उत्तर
नए कारतूसों पर ऐतराज का कारण-

  1. सिपाहियों को लगता था कि कारतूस पर लगी पट्टी को बनाने में गाय व सुअर की चर्बी का प्रयोग किया गया है।
  2. बंदूक में कारतूस लगाने के लिए कारतूस पर लगी पट्टी दाँत से काटनी पड़ती थी।
  3. इससे हिंदू एवं मुसलमान सिपाहियों की धार्मिक भावनाओं को ठेस पहुँचती थी।

प्रश्न 4.
अंतिम मुगल बादशाह ने अपने आखिरी साल किस तरह बिताए?
उत्तर
मुगल बादशाह के जीवन के आखिरी साल

  1. उन पर मुकदमा चलाया गया तथा आजीवन कारावास की सजा सुनाई गई।
  2. बादशाह के बेटों को उनके सामने गोली मार दी गई।
  3. बादशाह तथा उनकी पत्नी जीनत महल को रंगून जेल भेज दिया गया जहाँ नवंबर 1862 में उनकी मृत्यु हो गई।

आइए विचार करें

प्रश्न 5.
मई 1857 से पहले भारत में अपनी स्थिति को लेकर अंग्रेज़ शासकों के आत्मविश्वास के क्या कारण थे?
उत्तर
अंग्रेज शासकों के आत्मविश्वास के कारण

  1. अंग्रेजों की सोच थी कि भारतीय सिपाही उनके विश्वसनीय है, क्योंकि 1857 से पहले उन्होंने भारतीय सिपाहियों की सहायता से कई लड़ाइयाँ जीती थीं तथा बड़े-बड़े विद्रोह कुचले थे।
  2. अंग्रेज शासक जानते थे कि कई स्थानीय राजा व जमींदार उनके शासन का समर्थन करते हैं, क्योंकि स्थानीय शासकों ने अपने हितों की रक्षा के लिए कंपनी के साथ बातचीत की।
  3. स्थानीय शासकों की स्वतंत्रता घटती जा रही थी, क्योंकि उनकी सेनाओं को भंग कर दिया गया था। तथा उनके राजस्व वसूलने के अधिकार छीन लिए गए थे।
    अतः वे भारत में अपनी स्थिति को लेकर आत्मविश्वास से भरे हुए थे।

प्रश्न 6.
बहादुर शाह ज़फर द्वारा विद्रोहियों को समर्थन दे देने से जनता और राज-परिवारों पर क्या असर पड़ा?
उत्तर
जनता और राज-परिवारों पर प्रभाव-

  1. बहादुर शाह ज़फ़र के समर्थन से जनता बहुत उत्साहित हुई उनका उत्साह और साहस बढ़ गया। इससे उन्हें आगे बढ़ने की हिम्मत, उम्मीद और आत्मविश्वास मिला।
  2. ब्रिटिश शासन के विस्तार से भयभीत बहुत सारे शासकों को लगने लगा कि अब फिर से मुगल बादशाह अपना शासन स्थापित कर लेंगे जिससे वे अपने इलाकों में बेफिक्र होकर शासन चला सकेंगे।
  3. विभिन्न ब्रिटिश नीतियों के कारण जिन राज-परिवारों ने अपनी सत्ता खो दी थी वे इस खबर से बहुत | खुश थे, क्योंकि उन्हें लगने लगा था कि अब ब्रिटिश राज खत्म हो जाएगा और उन्हें अपनी सत्ता वापस मिल जाएगी।

प्रश्न 7.
अवध के बागी भूस्वामियों से समर्पण करवाने के लिए अंग्रेजों ने क्या किया?
उत्तर
अवध के बागी भूस्वामियों का समर्पण

  1. अंग्रेजों ने कुछ भू-स्वामियों, राजाओं व नवाबों पर मुकदमे चलाए तथा उन्हें फाँसी दे दी।
  2. अंग्रेजों ने घोषणा की कि जो भू-स्वामी ब्रिटिश राज के प्रति स्वामिभक्त बने रहेंगे, उन्हें अपनी जमीन पर पारंपरिक अधिकार का उपभोग करने स्वतंत्रता बनी रहेगी।
  3. जिन भू-स्वामियों ने विद्रोह किया था यदि उन्होंने किसी अंग्रेज़ की हत्या नहीं की है और वे आत्मसमर्पण करना चाहते हैं तो उन्हें सुरक्षा की गारंटी दी जाएगी और जमीन पर उनका अधिकार और दावेदारी बनी रहेगी।

प्रश्न 8.
1857 की बगावत के फलस्वरूप अंग्रेज़ों ने अपनी नीतियाँ किस तरह बदलीं?
उत्तर
अंग्रेज़ों की नीति में बदलाव

  1. ब्रिटिश संसद ने 1858 में एक नया कानून पारित किया और ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के सारे अधिकार ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य के हाथ में सौंप दिए।
  2. ब्रिटिश मंत्रिमंडल में एक सदस्य को भारत मंत्री के रूप में नियुक्त किया गया। उसे सलाह देने के लिए एक परिषद् का गठन किया गया जिसे इंडिया काउंसिल कहा जाता था।
  3. भारत के गवर्नर-जनरल को वायसराय कहा जाने लगा।
  4. देश के सभी शासकों को भरोसा दिया गया कि भविष्य में कभी भी उनके भू-क्षेत्र पर कब्जा नहीं किया जाएगा। भारतीय शासकों को ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य के अधीन शासन चलाने की छूट दी गई।
  5. सेना में भारतीय सिपाहियों का अनुपात कम करने और यूरोपीय सिपाहियों की संख्या बढ़ाने का फैसला किया गया।
  6. मुसलमानों की जमीन और संपत्ति बड़े पैमाने पर जब्त की गयी, क्योंकि 1857 के विद्रोह का कारण मुसलमानों को माना गया।
  7. अंग्रेजों ने भारत के लोगों के धर्म और सामाजिक रीति-रिवाजों का सम्मान करने का निर्णय लिया। आइए करके देखें |

प्रश्न 9.
पता लगाएँ कि सन सत्तावन की लड़ाई के बारे में आपके इलाके या आपके परिवार के लोगों को किस तरह की कहानियाँ और गीत याद हैं? इस महान विद्रोह से संबंधित कौन सी यादें अभी लोगों को उत्तेजित करती हैं?
उत्तर
(i) गीत
बुंदेले हर बोलों के…………खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।
(ii) कहानी
अंग्रेज़ों द्वारा मंगल पांडे को फाँसी पर लटकाने की कहानी आज भी हमें उत्तेजित कर देती है।

प्रश्न 10.
झाँसी की रानी लक्ष्मीबाई के बारे में और पता लगाएँ। आप उन्हें अपने समय की एक विलक्षण महिला क्यों मानते हैं?
उत्तर
रानी लक्ष्मीबाई का जन्म 1828 में बनारस में हुआ। इनका बचपन का नाम मनु था इन्हें बचपन में
तलवारबाजी, तीर-कमान घुड़सवारी का शौक था और इन्होंने इन सभी में महारत भी हासिल कर ली थी। बचपन में तलवारबाजी में इनका बड़े-बड़े योद्धा सामना नहीं कर पाते थे। वह अंग्रेजी शासन के विरुद्ध थी और अंग्रेजों को देश से भगा देना चाहती थी। बचपन में ही अत्याचारी अंग्रेज अफ़सरों से रात में छुप-छुपकर बदला लेना शुरू कर दिया था। 14 वर्ष की आयु में उनकी शादी झाँसी के राजा गंगाधर राव से हुई। झाँसी की रानी बनने के बाद वह रात में चोरी-छिपे क्रांति गुरु बनकर अत्याचारी अंग्रेज अफ़सरों को सबक सिखाती रही। पति की मृत्यु के बाद उन्होंने शासन अपने हाथों में लिया और अंग्रेजों का विरोध जारी रखा। वह अंग्रेजों को देश से बाहर करने के लिए सभी रियासतों को एकजुट करना चाहती थी। उनकी कूटनीति को समझना चाहती थी। 1857 के प्रथम स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में उन्होंने बढ़-चढ़कर हिस्सा लिया। उनका एक सेनापति अंग्रेजों से मिला हुआ था जिसके विश्वासघात के कारण अंग्रेज सेना ने उन्हें महल में चारों ओर से घेर लिया और हथियार डालने के लिए कहा लेकिन लक्ष्मीबाई ने हार नहीं मानी, अपने पुत्र को पीठ पर बाँधकर और मुँह में घोड़े की लगाम दबाकर दोनों हाथों से तलवार चलाते हुए अंग्रेज सेना को चीरती हुई महल से बाहर निकल गयी और अंत में अंग्रेजों से लड़ते हुए जून 1858 को वीरगति को प्राप्त हुई।

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